Macroporous Polymeric Resin Research Articles

Macroporous polymeric resin for the purification of flavonoids from medicinal plants: A review.

The purification of flavonoids using the macroporous polymer resin method has gained attention in recent years due to its simplicity, precision, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to separate flavonoids from other constituents. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of macroporous polymer resin in purifying flavonoids from various plant sources. This review aims to evaluate the existing literature on macroporous polymer resin purification of flavonoids and provide a comprehensive analysis of the current research trends and advancements in this field. It also highlights the importance of optimizing the adsorption parameters and conditions such as resin type, resin concentration, pH, and temperature for efficient purification of flavonoids using macroporous polymer resin. The key findings of this review reveal that macroporous resins with weak polarity, large surface areas, and pore diameters have a stronger adsorption capacity for flavonoids compared to polar resins. Furthermore, ultrasonic-solvent assisted extraction often combines with macroporous resin for effective the extraction and purification of flavonoids.

Insights into the role of VOCs properties on thermal desorption behaviors of two porous polymeric resins

Desorption is a critical process in the recovery or post-treatment of adsorbents saturated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, the thermal desorption behaviors for eight VOCs on hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (HPR) and macroporous polymeric resin (MPR) were investigated through isothermal desorption and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Compared with MPR, HPR with more micropores exhibited a lower desorption rate constant, lower desorption efficiency and higher desorption activation energy due to the strong binding energy generated between VOCs molecules and narrow micropores. As the polarizability of VOCs increased, the desorption rate constants on two porous polymeric resins decreased, while the desorption activation energy showed an incremental trend. Excellent linear correlations were observed between VOC polarizability and desorption rate constants (R2 = 0.957 for HPR and R2 = 0.940 for MPR) as well as between VOC polarizability and desorption activation energy (R2 = 0.981 for HPR and R2 = 0.969 for MPR). Furthermore, a polyparameter linear free energy relationship (PP-LFER) was developed to explore the influences of intermolecular interactions on desorption behaviors of VOCs on porous polymeric resins. The results indicated that the dispersive interaction, which is directly related to polarizability of VOCs, was the primary factor influencing the desorption activation energy of VOCs on porous polymeric resins. The find from this study helps evaluate fleetly and availably the desorption properties of VOCs based on their polarizability.

Recovering carotenes from crude palm oil onto macroporous polymeric resin: dynamic adsorption experiments and mechanistic insights

Recovering carotenes from crude palm oil onto macroporous polymeric resin: dynamic adsorption experiments and mechanistic insights

Extraction and enrichment of furanoid glycosylated diterpenes present in green coffee beans: New methodology in the QuEChERS concept

Four furanoid glycosylated diterpenes (mascaroside I, mascaroside III, mascaroside IV and mascaroside V) were extracted from green grains of Coffea arabica after clean up steps with organic solvents (chloroform/acetone and 80 % ethanol) and concentrated with the aid of macroporous polymeric resins (XAD-2) in column. The identification of compounds has been extensively tested with the aid of hyphenated spectroscopic techniques, such as TLC-MS and ESI-HRMS. The methodology employed was shown to be efficient (81 % recovery after column) and robust (molecular ions of compounds with error <5 ppm), fitting the QuEChERS concept.

Novel polyazamacrocyclic receptor impregnated macroporous polymeric resins for highly efficient capture of palladium from nitric acid media

A novel composite resin C8-Cyclen/CG-71M, with the specific binding ability to palladium ions in HNO3 solution, was developed by impregnating tetraoctyl-substituted 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (C8-Cyclen) receptor into the macroporous polymeric resins (Amberchrom CG-71M). The structure and morphology of obtained products were fully characterized. Study on the batch experiments revealed that C8-Cyclen/CG-71M resin exhibited rapid kinetics, favorable adsorption ability and high selectivity toward Pd(II) in a wide HNO3 concentration. The theoretical interpretation of the experimental data by employing kinetics models, Langmuir/Freundlich isotherms and thermodynamic equations were implemented to describe the adsorption behavior. The results showed that the adsorption process of Pd(II) by C8-Cyclen/CG-71M was comforted to a monolayer-coverage with the maximum adsorption capacity of 169.5 mg/g. Besides, the XPS analysis was performed to probe the underlying adsorption mechanism to Pd(II). A suggested mechanism involving the synergistic effect of four cyclic amines in C8-Cyclen receptors was proposed to describe the interaction manner between Pd(II) and C8-Cyclen/CG-71M. Furthermore, the resin was also applied to recovery Pd(II) from HCl media and similar results were obtained. Overall, due to the benign synthesis, efficient adsorption ability and facile operation, C8-Cyclen/CG-71M might be a promising resin material for Pd(II) selective capture from radioactive wastes, and other leaching solution of spent catalysts and electronic scraps.

Adsorption of vanillic and syringic acids onto a macroporous polymeric resin and recovery with ethanol:water (90:10 %V/V) solution

In this work the adsorption of vanillic (VA) and syringic (SA) acids onto the nonpolar resin SP700 was investigated aiming to collect data to evaluate their separation from a lignin oxidation mixture containing other phenolic compounds. The respective adsorption equilibrium isotherms in aqueous solutions were assessed at three different temperatures 288, 298 and 333 K and experimental results were fitted with Bi-Langmuir isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacities of 0.486 g g−1dry resin and 0.407 g g−1dry resin were obtained for VA and SA, respectively.Dynamic studies at different temperatures and feed concentrations were performed and a mathematical model comprising the Bi-Langmuir equilibrium isotherm, axial dispersed plug flow, intraparticle mass transfer resistance expressed with linear driving force approximation with no temperature gradients and constant porosity along the bed successfully described the adsorption concentration histories at the outlet of the fixed bed.More than 83% of each phenolic acid was readily eluted within 5 min elution with ethanol:water (90:10 %V/V) solution allowing obtaining a final concentrated solution with 5.8–11.7 g L−1.

Binary adsorption equilibrium and breakthrough of toluene and cyclohexane on macroporous and hypercrosslinked polymeric resins

Adsorption-based separation is one of the most widely used methods in treating gasoline vapor. For effective control of gasoline vapor emission, the total concentration of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and the specific component such as toluene must meet the emission limit values. In this study, hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (Hyper-resin) and macroporous polymeric resin (Macro-resin) were selected as adsorbents. Toluene and cyclohexane were chosen as the representative of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons components of gasoline vapor. Pure and binary component adsorption isotherms of toluene and cyclohexane on two resins were measured by head space analysis method. Breakthrough data for binary system were obtained at the different concentrations of toluene (12–46 mg/L) and cyclohexane (15 mg/L and 102 mg/L) using a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicate that adsorption equilibria of binary component can be predicted by ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) with the average relative error lower than 15% using the pure component adsorption isotherm data. Hyper-resin provides higher selectivity to toluene than Macro-resin in binary equilibrium and breakthrough system. Moreover, the breakthrough adsorption capacities of pure component (toluene and cyclohexane) and their mixture on Hyper-resin are higher than those on Macro-resin, suggesting Hyper-resin would be a promising adsorbent for treating gasoline vapor.

Effect of nitrate and amine functionalization on the adsorption properties of a macroporous resin towards tetracycline antibiotic

In the present paper, Amberlite XAD-16 was chosen as an advantageous macroporous polymeric resin and functionalized with NO2 (electron-acceptor) and NH2 (electron-donor) groups via known reactions to prepare two new functional macroporous resins, NO2-XAD-16 and NH2-XAD-16 respectively, and kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamic and other adsorption properties of these two functionalized polymers toward tetracycline antibiotic were compared with those of conventional XAD-16. Effect of various physicochemical factors was investigated. The equilibrium experimental data were followed by Langmuir model, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacities in terms of monolayer adsorption were in agreement with those obtained from the experiments. The experimental kinetic data was best fitted with pseudo second order, with higher k2 values for NO2-XAD-16 compared to XAD-16 and NH2-XAD-16. The calculated thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption (∆Gº, ∆Hº and ∆Sº) showed that the adsorption of tetracycline onto all three polymeric resins is feasible, spontaneous and endothermic under the conditions employed. However, the thermodynamic studies indicated the more feasibility, spontaneity and favorability of tetracycline adsorption onto NO2-XAD-16 polymeric beads. Overall, comparative outcomes indicated that the functional group with electron-acceptor ability (-NO2) is the best choice for modifying XAD-16 beads for their application in the adsorption of tetracycline from aqueous solutions.

Sorption efficiency of three novel extractant-impregnated resins containing vesuvin towards Pb(II) ion: Effect of nitrate and amine functionalization of resin backbone

A macroporous polymeric resin, Amberlite XAD-1160, functionalized with −NO2(electron-acceptor) and −NH2(electron-donor) groups to prepare two new functional macroporous resins, NO2-XAD-1160 and NH2-XAD-1160 respectively, and three novel extractant-impregnated resins (EIRs) were prepared by impregnating XAD-1160, NO2-XAD-1160 and NH2-XAD-1160 with vesuvin, as an advantageous extractant. The sorption efficiencies of both VSV/NO2-XAD-1160 and VSV/NH2-XAD-1160 towards Pb(II) ion were compared with those of conventional VSV/XAD-1160 to gain insight about the effects of functional groups on the kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamic and other sorption properties. Comparative studies showed that VSV/NO2-XAD-1160 benefits for using in full-scale treatment processes are more than those of VSV/XAD-1160 and VSV/NH2-XAD-1160.

Adsorption of vanillin and syringaldehyde onto a macroporous polymeric resin

Pulp and paper mill and biorefinery side-streams are rich in lignin which can be partially converted to vanillin and syringaldehyde through an oxidation process. These value-added compounds can be recovered with an integrated separation process encompassing an adsorption step. In this work the potential of a macroporous polymeric resin, Sepabeads SP700, was assessed.The resin was characterized regarding particle size, solid density, apparent density and particle porosity by means of laser dispersion, helium pycnometry and mercury intrusion porosimetry, respectively. Values within the ranges given by supplier were achieved: solid density, apparent density, particle size and particle porosity were 1294gL−1, 1012gL−1, 483μm and 0.73mLporesmL−1particle, respectively.Batch equilibrium isotherms for three different temperatures 283/288, 298 and 333K were found for vanillin and syringaldehyde in aqueous solutions. Experimental results were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Equilibrium isotherms were validated by fixed bed studies at different temperatures and feed concentrations. A mathematical model comprising the equilibrium isotherms, linear driving force approximation, and intraparticle mass transfer resistances was used to describe the adsorption/desorption histories of concentration at the outlet of the fixed bed experiments. Although Langmuir model reasonably fit to the experimental results, the empirical Freundlich model was best to describe the experimental results for equilibrium concentrations bellow 1gL−1.

Aluminium hydroxide impregnated macroreticular aromatic polymeric resin as a sustainable option for defluoridation

The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential application of aluminium hydroxide impregnated macroporous polymeric resin as a sustainable option for fluoride removal from aqueous solution. Electrostatic interaction between fluoride and the cationic metal hydroxide as well as hydrogen bonding (metal-OH⋯F) could be inferred through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. This macroreticular adsorbent gave a high adsorption capacity (92.39 and 36.61mgg−1 at pH 3.0 and 7.0) by fitting the experimental data with the nonlinear Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo-second-order adsorption process could be described using surface and intraparticle diffusion. Thermodynamics of adsorption accounted for the spontaneity and exothermic interaction with a corresponding decrease in entropy. The Al(OH)3 impregnated polymeric resin adsorbent was tested with 5mgL−1 fluoride and its efficacy was demonstrated in a laboratory scale column study. The resin exhibits good potential towards practical applications for the remediation of fluoride.

Mechanism of Isoflavone Adsorption from Okara Extracts onto Food-Grade Resins

Okara is a byproduct of the soy milk industry containing valuable phytochemicals, called isoflavones, among other components (i.e., proteins, sugars, fibers, etc.). As a waste product, okara is an interesting source material for obtaining valuable chemicals, and knowledge of the behavior of such components in their complex matrix is a key step for design of a purification process. Six commercially available macroporous polymeric resins are investigated to measure and model the equilibrium properties of the adsorption of isoflavones, proteins, and total solids onto these resins. A new model is evaluated in which adsorption of isoflavones onto a protein layer is proposed describing the system isoflavones–resin XAD 4 better than a linear isotherm model. Parameters for both the linear model and the bilayer model are regressed and reported with their accuracy and correlated to the hydrophobicity of each of the isoflavones.

Methane preconcentration by adsorption: a methodology for materials and conditions selection

Methane (CH $$_4$$ ) adsorption has been widely studied, mainly in the context of natural gas purification. A much less prominent, but highly relevant application is the preconcentration of CH $$_4$$ from ambient air. In this study, we compare six different commercial adsorbent materials with respect to their effectiveness for methane preconcentration: a macroporous polymeric resin (HayeSep D), multi-walled carbon nanotubes, two microporous metal-organic frameworks (HKUST-1 and ZIF-8), and two zeolites (5A and 13X). The most relevant properties, such as isosteric enthalpy of adsorption, specific surface area and the selectivity for CH $$_4$$ adsorption over N $$_2$$ were characterized by analyzing adsorption/desorption isotherms. Using these parameters, we discuss the tested adsorbents with respect to the most important properties and identify the most promising candidates. Furthermore we identify the experimental conditions that are expected to give the best results with respect to practical applications.

Resin selection for the separation of caffeine from green tea catechins

This work focuses on the rapid selection of a resin from a defined set of macroporous polymeric resins for the decaffeination of catechins from green tea. High-throughput experimentation and design of experiments are used in order to retrieve as much information as possible from a small set of experiments on the interaction of components with the resins. A multicomponent Langmuir isotherm model is used to describe the adsorption and parameters are regressed with high accuracy. These parameters are subsequently used for the definition of criteria to calculate a weighted resin score. The optimal resin is Diaion 20HP with a score of 90.50%, mainly due to its good selectivity for caffeine over catechin (3).

Adsorption of n-hexane vapor by macroporous and hypercrosslinked polymeric resins: Equilibrium and breakthrough analysis

The adsorption behaviors of n-hexane vapor onto macroporous and hypercrosslinked polymeric resins were investigated. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and well fitted with Dubinin–Astakov equation. The equilibrium adsorption data showed that the adsorption capacities of hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (Hyper-resin) were superior to macroporous polymeric resin (Macro-resin) for lower concentration of n-hexane; however, Macro-resin had higher adsorption capacities than Hyper-resin for higher concentration of hexane. The isosteric enthalpies of adsorption for n-hexane were calculated. The Hyper-resin exhibited much higher values of △Hst for n-hexane than Macro-resin at the whole loading studied, indicating that the interaction force of n-hexane adsorption onto Hyper-resin was larger than Macro-resin. The consecutive column adsorption–desorption cycles were carried out to investigate the dynamic adsorption characteristics. The results revealed that the breakthrough adsorption capacities of n-hexane onto the virgin Hyper-resin were about 105% and 43% higher than those onto the virgin Macro-resin when the initial concentrations of n-hexane were 85mg/g and 510mg/g, respectively. Due to higher regeneration efficiency, however, the breakthrough capacities of the regenerated Macro-resin were higher than those of the regenerated Hyper-resin for the adsorption of higher concentration n-hexane.

Adsorptive Separation of Tannic Acid from Aqueous Solution by Polymeric Resins

An aminated hypercrosslinked polymeric resin AH‐1, a macroporous polymeric resin NG‐8 and its aminated derivative NG‐9 were used for the adsorption of tannic acid from aqueous solution. The batch system was applied to study the adsorption equilibrium on the three polymeric adsorbents. Equilibrium adsorption data were obtained and fitted very well to Langmuir model. The results showed that the pore size distribution and the tertiary amino group on the polymer played a significant role in tannic acid adsorption performance, and polymer NG‐9 showed the highest adsorption capacity due to the suitable pore size distribution and the presence of the tertiary amino group. In addition, a thermodynamic study was carried out to interpret the adsorption mechanism. The kinetic study testified that the tertiary amino group on the polymer matrix could decrease the adsorption rate and the large average pore size of the resin was in favor of the adsorption rate increase.

Increased sensitivity and discrimination in screening through an immobilized-resin microbiological assay method

Problems with present bioactive microbial product screening techniques include low sensitivity and insufficient discrimination capabilities. These problems are addressed by our new immobilized-resin microbiological assay. This technique concentrates bioactive samples on macroporous polymeric resins that are immobilized in hydrogel beads. These beads are then subjected to elution in the wells of an agar diffusion microbiological assay medium. With a strong base anion exchanger, the sensitivity to ampicillin of the β-lactam-supersensitiveEscherichia coli mutant ESS-22-31 was increased 10-fold. Similar increases in sensitivity were obtained in the detection of streptomycin using a weak acid cation exchanger withBacillus subtilis and for cycloheximide by a neutral resin andSaccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL-Y-139. A judicious choice of resin type and eluent permitted a selective sensitivity increase based on the charge or hydrophobic nature of the desired product. This selectivity imparts a discrimination capability to the technique.