Effect of nitrate and amine functionalization on the adsorption properties of a macroporous resin towards tetracycline antibiotic

Abstract

In the present paper, Amberlite XAD-16 was chosen as an advantageous macroporous polymeric resin and functionalized with NO2 (electron-acceptor) and NH2 (electron-donor) groups via known reactions to prepare two new functional macroporous resins, NO2-XAD-16 and NH2-XAD-16 respectively, and kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamic and other adsorption properties of these two functionalized polymers toward tetracycline antibiotic were compared with those of conventional XAD-16. Effect of various physicochemical factors was investigated. The equilibrium experimental data were followed by Langmuir model, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacities in terms of monolayer adsorption were in agreement with those obtained from the experiments. The experimental kinetic data was best fitted with pseudo second order, with higher k2 values for NO2-XAD-16 compared to XAD-16 and NH2-XAD-16. The calculated thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption (∆Gº, ∆Hº and ∆Sº) showed that the adsorption of tetracycline onto all three polymeric resins is feasible, spontaneous and endothermic under the conditions employed. However, the thermodynamic studies indicated the more feasibility, spontaneity and favorability of tetracycline adsorption onto NO2-XAD-16 polymeric beads. Overall, comparative outcomes indicated that the functional group with electron-acceptor ability (-NO2) is the best choice for modifying XAD-16 beads for their application in the adsorption of tetracycline from aqueous solutions.