Macro-and Microelements Research Articles

Leukocyte profile of laying hens’ blood under subchronic intake of sodium bromide with feed

The optimal physiological development and productivity of poultry depends on the intake of essential macroand microelements at levels that ensure the safety and quality of the resulting products (meat and eggs). It is important to note that both a lack and an excess of elements can lead to organ and system dysfunction. For instance, even small doses of bromine can cause hepatocyte dysfunction and disruptions to the endocrine and genitourinary systems. Additionally, the ability of these elements to accumulate in eggs and meat makes the products potentially dangerous for human consumption. Our work aimed to investigate the blood leukocyte profile of laying hens under subchronic intake of sodium bromide with feed and calculate integral leukocyte indices that allow assessing the state of the immune system and the degree of endogenous intoxication of the body. We also aimed to determine the strategy for further therapeutic or preventive measures. It was found that the intake of sodium bromide (by bromine) in the body of laying hens for 28 days in doses of 10.0 mg/kg, 50.0 mg/kg, and 250.0 mg/kg of feed leads to a significant increase in the Krebs index, leukocyte intoxication index, leukocyte shift index. This indicates changes in the functional activity of the immune system with the activation of the humoral immune system and decompensation of endogenous intoxication caused by the toxic effects of bromine. The significant decrease in the leukocyte index, neutrophil-monocyte ratio index, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio index, allergy index, and immunoreactivity index indicates a disruption in the interaction between the affective and effector links of immunity. This could potentially lead to cytokine deficiency, a reduction in the level of phagocytic defense, and an increased risk of immediate hypersensitivity.

The effect of the genotype of holstein bulls on the phosphorus content in the liver of descendants

Russian and foreign scientists continue to systematize knowledge about the accumulation of macroand microelements in the body of animals, as their study remains an urgent topic for many studies. Questions about the hereditary determination of the level of macroand microelements in animal organs and tissues are also being studied. Currently, articles by Russian and foreign authors contain separate, disparate information about the macroand microelement status of farm animals and fish of different species. Our article describes data on the phosphorus content in the liver of offspring obtained from producing bulls of the Holstein breed. The research was conducted in Kuzbass. The studied animals were in the same conditions of maintenance and feeding. The groups were formed according to the principle of analogues. The same feeding and maintenance conditions were created for the experimental animals. In the animal breeding area, the content of macroand microelements in soil, water and feed was determined, the level of heavy metals was within acceptable concentrations. The phosphorus content in the liver was determined by atomic emission spectrometry on the ICP AES IRIS device. The phosphorus level in the offspring of the sons of different Holstein bulls was in the range of 2964–3417 mg/kg. In the liver of the descendants of some bulls, the phosphorus content was 1.15 times higher than in others. The index of the strength of the influence (RW) of fathers on the phosphorus content in the liver of sons was 0,49 (p < 0.05). This indicates the influence of the genotype of fathers on the phosphorus content in the liver of descendants. The level of phenotypic variability of phosphorus concentration in the liver of offspring of different bulls was in the range of 5.6–11.6 %. The obtained average values of phosphorus levels can be taken as the physiological norm for animals of the Holstein breed in Western Siberia. The study of the level of phosphorus and other elements in organs and tissues expands the understanding of the chemical status of animals and is a characteristic of the interior.

Carbohydrate and mineral metabolism in romanov sheep in Western Siberia

The article presents information regarding the metabolism of carbohydrates and minerals in Romanov sheep in the Kemerovo region. The correlations among macro elements and carbohydrate metabolism indices and heavy metal levels in organs and tissues were ascertained. We determined the average content, variability and reference intervals of glucose, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase and macro elements in blood serum. We investigated the relationship between these indices and heavy metal levels in sheep organs and tissues. In the Romanov sheep breeding zone, heavy metal content was analyzed in soil, water, and feed and did not exceed the MAC. The determination of the content of macroand microelements was carried out in the laboratory of isotopegeochemical methods of analysis at the V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences by atomic emission spectrometry employing the NSAM analysis technique No. 450-S. The level of blood serum glucose is 6.0 mmol/l, the amylase is 104.0 U/l, and the lactate dehydrogenase is 1086 U/l. The order of macro elements in serum is as follows: Na > K > Ca > P > Mg in accordance with 90 : 7 : 4 : 3.4 : 1. The concentration of K in the blood exhibits a significant correlation with Zn in the spleen (r = 0.507) and Cu in the testes (r = 0.535). Simultaneously, Na exhibited a negative correlation with the concentration of Zn in the heart (r = -0.416) and Pb in the blood (r = −0.598). There was a high negative relationship between Ca in the blood and the frequency of chromosomal breaks (r = −0.752). The glucose level was negatively correlated with the concentration of Cu in the muscles (r = −0.414), Zn in the kidneys (r = −0.465), and Zn in the heart (r = −0.572), but its level was positively associated with Pb in the muscles (r = 0.568). The significance of the indicators of carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, as well as the correlations between the studied parameters, is evident in the comprehensive evaluation of the breeds phenopool.

Role of mineral elements in the nutrition of garden strawberry plants

Relevance. The increase in global production of garden strawberry fruit is due to the high demand for the products for fresh consumption and as raw material for processing. The leading countries are: PRC, USA, Turkey, Egypt, Mexico, Spain, Russia, Poland, South Korea, Brazil. Increase in production volumes is provided due to high productivity of new varieties and intensification of strawberry cultivation technologies and, in particular, plant nutrition. The possibility of managing the nutrition of garden strawberry plants is one of the priority tasks from the solution of which depends on the realization of the potential of plant productivity, as well as the quality of the resulting products The role of many macroand microelements in plant nutrition is not fully understood. Numerous studies are conducted to identify the mechanisms of their absorption and movement in strawberry plants. New forms of fertilizers are being studied, allowing to effectively influence the processes of growth and development of plants, minimize the impact on the environment.Results. The article is devoted to the review of the role of the main mineral macroand microelements in plant nutrition, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, silicon, molybdenum. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the influence of certain mineral elements on physiological processes associated with the growth and development of garden strawberries is considered. The data on reaction of plants to the optimal content, excess and deficiency of certain elements, possibilities of their receipt and assimilation by plants of garden strawberries are given. Application in practice of the world experience on management of mineral nutrition can significantly improve the existing technologies of strawberry cultivation in open and protected ground.

Biochemical composition of biological substances extracted from red deer antlers

We aim to study biologically active agents in biological substances obtained from different parts of red deer antlers. Frozen red deer antlers were separated into skin and antler base, crushed, and subjected to ultrasonic enzymatic hydrolysis. The press cake from the extraction of antler base was dried in a vacuum unit. The content of protein, fat, ash, and moisture in the obtained biological substances was studied. In addition, the amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral compositions were analyzed, as well as the molecular weight distribution of peptide fractions. The concentrates from the skin and base of red deer antlers were found to contain the maximum of proteins (73.68–74.41%). The mineral biological substances comprise the maximum of macroand microelements (84.17%), in particular, a high level of 136,000 mg /kg of phosphorus, 29,230 mg /kg of sodium, and 5,140 mg /kg of calcium. All biological substances are characterized by a low-fat content in the range from 0.3 to 1.76%. Similar to the protein content, the total amount of amino acids prevails in concentrates from the skin and base of red deer antlers, equaling 40.90 and 43.66 g /100 g, respectively. Moreover, in both samples, the amount of essential amino acids is higher than that of non-essential ones. The amount of vitamins is low, being represented by B1, B2, B6 water-soluble vitamins. The fatty acid composition is most balanced in the concentrate from the red deer antler base, containing omega-3 and omega-6. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids is equal to 0.96. In the concentrate from antler skin, the maximum content (54.7%) of peptides with a low molecular weight of less than 2.9 kDa and up to 6.4 kDa was found using the molecular-weight distribution of peptide fractions.

Influence of Different Methods of Application of Lignogumate on the Product Quality of Green Crops and Medicinal Plants

The effectiveness of the use of lignohumate on lettuce (annual, green crop) and peppermint (perennial, medicinal plant) grown under the conditions of vegetation experiments was studied. The combination of lignohumate with the introduction of chelated fertilizers containing trace elements (zinc, copper) into peat showed a significant positive effect in obtaining high-quality plant products. The most effective was the fertilizer system, which included a combination of lignohumate with chelated forms of zinc and copper: the increase in lettuce biomass was 29–32, mint – 71–79%, the content of macroand microelements in plants became optimal.

Comparative studies on composition of feed additives for juvenile fish produced with bioconversion of fish raw materials

Technology of feed additive for fry feeding in fish farms is developed to provide both important nutrients (proteins, lipids, etc.) and optimal peptide composition of protein that is achieved using proteolysis of raw materials under certain conditions. For this purpose, enzymatic hydrolysis of substandard small-sized frozen pollock was used. The rational duration of the hydrolysis process was 60 min. that provided the degree of protein hydrolysis of 26–28 %. The experimental fermentolysate was concentrated to a water content of 3–4 % and presented as a feed additive TINRO-60. This product is compared with other feed additives (dried fermentolysates) produced in Russia from fish raw materials using bioconversion, such as Biomarin, Bioprom and Vakhob. General chemical composition of tested products was determined by standard methods of analytical chemistry; composition and content of fatty acids — by gas-liquid chromatography; microand macroelements, as well as toxic metals — by atomic absorption spectrophotometry; fractional composition of proteins and peptides — by high pressure gel permeation chromatography; amino acid composition — by ion exchange chromatography on a high-speed analyzer. All tested samples contain similar amount of the main feed component — protein substances. The quantitative ratio of peptide fractions is also comparable, the sum of the most active fractions (MW 0.1−10.0 kDa) in TINRO-60 and Biomarin is close to their level in tissues of Artemia, natural food for fish fry. The content of essential amino acids, EPA and DHA is significant in Biomarin, TINRO-60 and Bioprom, but almost twice lower in Vakhob. Analysis of mineral composition showed that bioconversion into dry fermentolysates does not cause concentration of toxic elements. High quality of the protein feed additive TINRO-60 produced by bioconversion of nonstandard fish raw materials under certain conditions is proved.

Specialized product for sports nutrition

The article sets out data on the development of a specialized product for sports nutrition “Fruit-milk bar” with directed preventive properties. A scientific justification of the choice of raw materials with an increased content of the full-fledged protein of animal and plant origin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, easily digestible carbohydrates, organic acids, water-and-fat vitamins, macro-and microelements, bioflavonoids, collagen. The purpose of this study was the scientific substantiation and development of a new specialized product for sports nutrition based on local raw materials with increased food and biological value. The work used generally accepted analytical, physicochemical and technological research methods. The choice of raw materials and the composition of the product aimed at resolving issues to increase the body's resistance to increased physical and neuro-emotional stresses are justified. The recipe is given the product preparation technology, data on the physicochemical and organoleptic indicators of the product, as well as safety indicators, are given.

Ginger root as a source of biologically active substances

During the study, the biological active substances included in its composition are extracted from the working root crop (Zingiber officinale) by aqueous and ethyl alcohol extraction. The amount of vitamins, macroand microelements and amino acids in the extracts is determined and the results obtained are analyzed. Biologically active substances contained in the plant were extracted with water at temperatures of 30, 60, 90°C, and its juice was extracted by the water-alcohol method. The amount of macro- and microelements, vitamins, amino acids in the extracts was determined.

Changes in the content of certain macro- and microelements in the blood of karakul sheep exposed to helminth infestation

Comprehensive studies of livestock, their feeding conditions and maintenance allow us to obtain the data necessary for the development of medical strategies and tactics in the treatment of sick animals and the prevention of endemic diseases. Considering that Uzbekistan belongs to a country where Karakul sheep are raised, and the soil is rich in eggs and larvae of geohelminths, the infection rate of lambs in the spring and summer is high. Our research was conducted taking into account the infestation of animals and how many micro- and macronutrients are lost during the disease. Lambs infected with helminths were selected using a latex agglutination reaction with a diagnosticum. With marshallagiosis, nematodyrosis and habertiosis, the content of macro– and microelements in the blood of Karakul sheep decreases (potassium – by 190.5; sodium - 552.5; calcium -9.5; copper – 0.56; zinc – 0.5 and iron - by 74.2 mg/l) especially significantly in the prenatal period of helminth development; in the imaginal period– the content of macronutrients increases, and trace elements remain at a low level. According to the results of the study, the absorption of macro- and microelements depends not only on the balance of the diet in nutrients, mineral salts and vitamins. The effect of macroand microelements on the body is largely complicated by the conditions of animal husbandry. It is necessary to have a medical examination that allows you to control the harvesting, storage and quality of feed, detect diseases in animals, in the subclinical period and timely carry out the necessary medical measures, as well as identify agrotechnical measures to improve the fodder base of the farm.

Impact of nutrition on the condition of the oral mucosa and periodontium: A narrative review.

Diet and eating habits significantly affect health and quality of life. Various diets and food eliminations can lead to nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition. This article discusses the relationship between nutrition, nutritional deficiencies, and the condition of the periodontium and oral mucosa. An analysis of PubMed materials was conducted to assess the impact of nutrition on the condition of the oral mucosa and periodontium. We also considered dietary habits such as vegetarianism, the ketogenic diet, the Paleo diet, the Mediterranean diet, the Western diet, and intermittent fasting. Vitamin deficiencies, both watersoluble and fat-soluble, as well as macroand microelements, can manifest in the oral cavity, among others, as gingivitis and bleeding, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, enamel hypomineralization, cheilitis, angular cheilitis, halitosis, glossitis, lingual papillae atrophy, and stomatitis. Malnutrition does not cause periodontal disease, but it increases the risk of its occurrence and accelerates disease progression. Inadequate nutrition, combined with other predisposing factors, may contribute to an increased risk of oral cancer and the development of leukoplakia.

STUDYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WASTE WATER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLYCORRICE ROOT AND GLAUCONITE FROM KARAKALPAKIA

In the article, the amount of micro-and macro-elements in two types of glauconite produced during the industrial processing of licorice root from Beruni district of Karakalpakstan was studied based on the inductively coupled coil optical emission spectrometry method and compared with those in the literature. The obtained results were used to study the amount of macroelements K and R necessary for plants in the composition of soil and glauconite, and it was shown that it is possible to produce new types of organomineral fertilizers based on them. It has been shown that the processing of licorice root in our republic can solve the problems of disposal of industrial waste.Based on the obtained results, the scientific basis of organomineral fertilizer production was developed based on the studied glauconite and wastewater and licorice root industrial waste.

Development of a functional product – chocolates with hemp seeds

The most important factors determining human health, as well as the duration and quality of life, are lifestyle and nutrition. Improper nutrition, frequent stress cause different diseases. In this regard, over the past decades, the need for micronutrients and other physiologically necessary substances has increased. Currently, functional nutrition is becoming increasingly important, thanks to which the human body, along with food, receives necessary proteins, vitamins, flavonoids, macroand microelements, and other biologically active substances. Functional foods are beneficial to human health due to their high content of functional ingredients. They help to increase the resistance to various diseases and to normalize many physiological processes in the human body.The use of non-traditional and little-known raw materials creates an opportunity to solve the problem of producing high-quality functional food products. One of the types of such vegetable raw materials are hemp seeds, which are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances. This creates prospects for the use of hemp seeds in the production of functional products.The article presents the developed functional confectionery products – dark and milk chocolates with hemp seeds. The optimal ratio of filling components for chocolates has been selected. The effect of the concentration of ingredients on the quality of bitter and milk chocolate has been studied. Recipes and technologies for dark and milk chocolates with hemp seed filling have been developed.The carried out theoretical and experimental studies has confirmed the effectiveness of the use of hemp seeds and allowed the development of new recipes for chocolates. The product launch contributes to the expansion of the range of functional confectionery products.

Nutritional value of white lupin and prospects of its use in the production of food from vegetable raw materials

Relevance. Legumes are considered a wonderful food source of biologically valuable components that can positively affect many physiological and metabolic processes. Lupine flour contains valuable protein, carotenoids, vitamin E, macroand microelements, is rich in magnesium, potassium, iron. A distinctive feature of lupin flour is the complete absence of gliadin and gluten in its composition, which is especially important for people with digestive disorders, white lupin seed processing products can serve as excellent components to increase the nutritional value of food, primarily such as bakery and flour confectionery.Methods. The materials of scientific research in the field of lupin production, the biochemical composition of its seeds, the feasibility of using lupin processing products in the production of food from plant raw materials have been studied.Results. Legumes play an important role in human nutrition and are part of the traditional diet of many regions around the world. Legumes, including white lupin, contain a significant amount of protein, fiber, trace elements and many valuable phytochemicals. As part of the daily diet, they can have a beneficial physiological effect and, thus, can help in the control and prevention of diseases of civilization, such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis. A long-standing problem associated with legumes is a rather high content of anti-nutritional factors that can limit their biological value. According to current research, these compounds can be easily removed or reduced when processing conditions change; some of these substances may also have a positive effect on human health.

Influence of natural conditions of southern Dagestan on formation of food substances in fruits of Golden Delises apples

The results of studying the amino acid composition, macroand microelements, vitamins and other food substances in Golden Delicious apples grown in terroirs located at various altitudes above sea level in the south of Dagestan are presented in order to determine cultivation sites with natural conditions contributing to the greatest accumulation of these valuable components in fruits. The elemental composition of apples was studied using flame and atomic absorption photometry, mass concentrations of amino acids by HPLC methods, the content of sugars, titrated acids, pectins and vitamin C – titrimetrically, phenols and vitamin P colorimetrically. It was found that natural factors of the fruit zone located on the plain cause a high concentration of sugars in Golden Delicious apples – 11,3 %, soluble dry substances – 14,9 % and minerals: potassium (135.5 mg%), calcium (19.0 mg%), sodium (25.6 mg%), magnesium (12.6 mg%) and iodine (2.4 μg%), and the climatic conditions of the foothills are favorable for the synthesis of titrated acids (0,51%), vitamins C (6,8 mg %) and P (63,1 mg %), phenolic (362,1 mg %) and pectin substances (0,83 %), as well as iron, zinc and copper. The difference in the formation of minerals in apples, depending on natural conditions and the altitude gradient of the place of growth, was: for potassium – 7,2; sodium – 8,2; calcium – 9,5; magnesium – 9,4; iron – 10,9; copper – 10,2; zinc – 9,3, iodine – 8,3 %. The total amount of amino acids in apples, depending on the culture site, ranged from 683,2 to 696,9 mg/dm3. In fruits from the foothills, the total mass concentrations of replaceable and essential amino acids were 1,3 and 5,9% higher, respectively, than in apples grown on the plain. The results of the study can be taken into account in the rational use of agroecological resources of fruit zones that differ in soil-climatic conditions and altitude gradient, as well as to reveal the biological potential of the Golden Delicious apple variety.

Relationships between the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Animal Samples and Diseases of Different Etiologies

Many of the micro- and macro-elements (MMEs) required by the body are found in environmental objects in concentrations different from their original concentration that can lead to dangerous animal diseases ("microelementoses"). The aim was to study the features of MME (accumulating in wild and exotic animals) in connection with particular diseases. The work using 67 mammal species from four Russian zoological institutions was completed in 2022. Studies of 820 cleaned and defatted samples (hair, fur, etc.) after "wet-acid-ashing" on an electric stove and in a muffle furnace were performed using a Kvant-2A atomic absorption spectrometer. The content of zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, and arsenic was assessed. The level of MME accumulation in the animal body contributes not only to the MME status and the development of various concomitant diseases, but the condition itself can occur by intake of a number of micronutrients and/or drugs. Particular correlations between the accumulation of Zn and skin, oncological diseases, Cu-musculoskeletal, cardiovascular diseases, Fe-oncological diseases, Pb-metabolic, nervous, oncological diseases, and Cd-cardiovascular diseases were established. Therefore, monitoring of the MME status of the organism must be carried out regularly (optimally once every 6 months).

DYNAMICS OF DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE IN THE PRESENCE OF SULFURIC ACID

The article is devoted to the development of technology for obtaining organic-mineral fertilizers and chemical meliorants on the basis of solid waste (SW). The presented article mainly describes the physico-chemical basis of decomposition of solid waste with solutions of different percentages of sulfuric acid, which is the first stage of the study. The purpose of the research is to study the physico-chemical basis of decomposition of solid waste depending on the concentration of sulfuric acid solution, its initial temperature, time and intensity of mixing during the development of technology for obtaining organic-mineral fertilizers and ameliorative substances. During the study, the concentration of sulfuric acid solution from 5% to 70, decomposition dynamics of samples within 36-80 minutes, It was studied under mixing conditions at an intensity of 40 per/min to 180 per/min. It was established that each factor has a great influence on the percentage of decomposition of solid household waste, therefore, the optimal parameters for each factor were determined and clarified as a result of experimental experiments. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that solid waste from the point of view of the richness of macro-and microelements contained in it is a fully usable raw material for fertilizer production, it has been observed that the extraction of food-repellent elements from the composition of solid household waste with 10-20% sulfuric acid solution is appropriate and in this case, along with the decomposition, the process of neutralization of microorganisms in it takes place. 40-600C optimum temperature of technological process for transition of moisture-repellent elements into solution, it has been proved that the concentration of acid solution is between 10-20% and the mixing intensity is 60-140 per/min., in the end, it is recommended to enrich the composition of the obtained fertilizer with nutritive substances after the completion of the technological process in order to improve the quality of the composition of the obtained liquid fertilizer. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that during the decomposition of solid waste in the presence of weak acid solutions, about 80-85% of the nutrient elements contained in it can be extracted and used in fertilizer production. Keywords: fertilizer, solid waste, sulfuric acid, ameliorant, salinity, salinization.

Elemental composition of microstrobili and sprouts of <i>Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica</i> and <i>Pinus pumila</i>

In recent years, the popularity of dietary supplements based on pine pollen has significantly increased due to over a thousand years of its use in Chinese traditional medicine and diverse biological activity. Microstrobili are harvested prior to flowering in order to obtain pine pollen, and, following its separation, waste comprising empty microstrobili in the amount of 90–95% of the mass of raw material is formed. In this work, the elemental composition of Pinus sylvestris, P. sibirica and P. pumila microstrobili obtained following the separation of pollen (empty microstrobili (EM) was determined and compared with pharmacopoeial raw material, i.e., P. sylvestris sprouts. The elemental composition was analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopy with preliminary acid mineralisation in a microwave system. A comparative analysis of the elemental composition showed that EM contains a significant amount of K (8710–10187 mg/kg), Mg (627–1079 mg/kg), Mn (129–179 mg/kg), as well as Zn (37–67 mg/kg) and Cu (7.4–10.3 mg/kg). The series of accumulation of chemical elements was identical for microstrobili and sprouts of the studied pine species (K>Mg>Ca>Mn>Fe~Zn>Na>Cu>Ni~Cr>Co>Pb>Cd>Hg). EM can be used to enrich the diet with macroand microelements such as K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. The content of toxic Cd, Pb and Hg was below the maximum permissible standards for medicinal plant raw materials and dietary supplements thereof. Obtained for the first time, data on the elemental composition of EM of P. sylvestris, P. sibirica, P. pumila and sprouts of P. sibirica and P. pumila can be used for further sanitary measurements of a new type of raw material.

Soil - to - leaf relationship in micro and macroelements content on the vineyard microlocation

The conducted research aims to ascertain the variations in macro and microelement content within the soil-to-leaf relationship in small vineyards. The vineyard block (1.2 ha), located in Sremski Karlovci, Serbia, planted with Grasac (Riesling Italico), was divided into 20 subplots. Each subplot served as an individual location for soil and leaf sampling. Soil samples were collected at three depths, while leaf sampling occurred at two phenophase (end of flowering and at ripening), with separation into petiole and blade parts. Vari?ability of soil physico-chemical characteristics between subplots was determinate, with the greatest variability in the 30-60 cm soil layer. The soil generally displayed low levels of organic matter and available P, K, Zn and B. Erosion processes were indicated by the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters. Differences in nutrient contents were noted among leaf parts and phenophases, aligning with existing literature. Comparing leaf nutrient status to optimal values from literature, N and P content was found at lower limits, confirming K and B deficiencies. Identically, fertilization recommendations can be inferred from soil and foliar analyses, primarily for N, K and B. Additionally, based on soil analysis, a slight increase in P and Zn application is advisable. Established correlations among all observed variables revealed connections between soil parameters, across all depths, and nutrients in the leaf blade at the end of flowering. It is notable to say that nutrient content in soil, particularly N, K, Mn and Zn, exhibited statistically significant positive correlations with its content in the leaf blade, respectively. Further research is necessary to lay the foundation for the development of ac?curate and reliable criteria for diagnosing nutrition, not only for the whole species but also among grapevine leading varieties. Given the significant variations in nutrient requirements and accumulation among these genotypes, this research will be instrumental in ensuring op?timal nutrient supply while minimizing deficiencies or excesses.

Phytochemical Profiling, Mineral Elements, and Biological Activities of Artemisia campestris L. Grown in Algeria

Artemisia campestris L. is commonly used in folk medicine due to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, nutritional, and culinary properties. Our study assessed the total phenolics contents, antioxidant, and pharmacological activities of various organic extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Artemisia campestris, and its mineral elements and chemical profile were analyzed. ICP-OES was used to analyze the mineral profile and the LC-MS/MS analysis was used to characterize the phytochemical profiling. A series of antioxidant tests were carried out using DPPH, ABTS, beta-carotene, GOR, RP, CUPRAC, and O-Phenanthroline assays. In vitro potent inhibitory actions of A. campestris extracts were investigated to evaluate their anti-cholinesterase, anti-lipase and anti-diabetic activities. The photoprotective effect of the plant was measured by the sun protection factor. The most powerful inhibitor of α-amylase was AcPEE (IC50 = 11.79 ± 0.14 μg/mL), which also showed a significant butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effect (IC50 = 93.50 ± 1.60 μg/mL). At IC50 = 23.16 ± 0.19 μg/mL, AcEAE showed the most powerful inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase. A. campestris was found to have a strong photoprotective ability, absorbing UV radiations with SPF values ranging from 26.07 ± 0.22 to 40.76 ± 0.11. The results showed that A. campestris extract has strong antioxidant activity in all the test samples except for the carotene bleaching assay. The LC/MS-MS results showed that AcDE, AcEAE, and AcBE identified 11 compounds belonging to Polyphenols Compounds. Our result also showed that A. campestris contains a high concentration of essential minerals, including macro-and micro-elements with their values close to the FAO’s recommended concentration. A. campestris has the capacity to improve pharmaceutical formulations, health, and medical research, due to its compositions and potent biological properties.