Macro Structure Research Articles

Study of highly reflective ceramic glaze coating and laser irradiation effects

The rapid development and wide application of laser technology, together with the gradually increased output energy of lasers, pose a great threat to safety. Therefore, the demand for anti-laser is urgent. Highly reflective coatings can dissipate large incident laser energy through reflection. In this paper, zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) highly reflective ceramic glaze coatings were prepared on both ceramic and metal substrates. Their macro and micro structure evolution treated at different heating temperatures were studied. The reflectivity of the coatings was on average 85% over the range of 400 and 2400 nm and reaches a maximum of 94% at 1064 nm. The coatings on ceramic substrates showed good stability when irradiated under high-energy continuous laser with power density of 2000 W/cm2 for 60 s. On the other hand, the coatings prepared on metal substrates formed a layer of dense, glaze-like material after high-energy continuous laser irradiation with power density of 500 W/cm2 for 10 s or 1000 W/cm2 for 5 s, demonstrating good anti-laser performance.

Combining electrochemical, molecular simulation and operando techniques to investigate the stability of electrodes and organic electrolytes used in EDLCs

A comprehensive study involving Electrochemical, Mass Spectrometry, Raman & FT-IR operando analyses, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations is present to evaluate the stability of electrodes and electrolytes used in organic-based EDLCs. In this sense, we present some directions to correctly determine the maximum stable cell voltage, specific capacitance, energy, and power, as well as the equivalent series resistance. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon electrodes are contrasting in symmetric devices filled with 1.0 M LiTFSI and TEABF4 salts dissolved in AN, PC, and EC:DMC electrolyte. We observed anomalous transport caused by adsorption effects in the electrical double-layer in all electrochemical studies due to the defective nature of the ionic channels in the presence of displacement of finite-sized charge carriers. This behavior is unequivocally verified from the impedance analysis using a double-channel transmission line model representing the macrohomogenous behavior of the electrochemical system. The residual gas analysis suggested a maximum stable voltage of 3 V to avoid electrolyte degradation. The carbon-based electrodes remain stable in all cases, as evidenced by the Raman & FT-IR operando studies. We verified that the AC/TEABF4-PC/AC system is auspicious for further studies aiming to develop EDLC prototypes with high specific capacitance, energy, and power characteristics. The derivative analysis method involving the galvanostatic findings permitted us to verify the different dynamics regarding the charge-storage process in macro and microporous structures as a function of the applied current. Computational simulations indicated that [TEA]+ has a high affinity for the carbon electrodes, which is related to the higher electrochemical stability of TEABF4-PC.

ANTI-RACISM DISCOURSE IN TOI MOI SONG

Songs are typically composed for certain goals, messages, and audiences, and occasionally they are produced with particular listeners in mind. Common subjects in song lyrics include societal and current issues and challenges, with which the artist tries to communicate through manifestations of his or her beliefs, feelings, and ideologies. Therefore, language research to song lyrics is indeed very interesting to do, because it examines meaning. This research is interested in researching a song lyric entitled Toi Moi by Kids United. The researchers are interested in examining the anti-racism contained in it. The method in this research is qualitative and descriptive. This research uses van Dijk's critical discourse analysis theory, with elements of macro structure, super structure and micro structure. After that, the researchers would like to see the representation in this song. After deeper analysis, researchers found different meanings The result of the research is that not everything that is stated in a text will be the same as what is implied. Indeed, when we analyze macro structure, we interpreted, this song talks about a unity about two person or lovers. However, after researching deeper, by analyzing superstructure and micro structure the researchers found that the deeper meaning behind this song lyric is about racism and not about love story between two lovers. So, discourse analysis can be applied to analyze the deep meaning in a text.

Characterizing Social Determinants of Maternal and Child Health: A Qualitative Community Health Needs Assessment in Underserved Areas.

This study aimed to identify social determinants of maternal and child health (SDoH) in Pakistan. Using a qualitative study design, data were collected from community members in seven underserved areas of Lahore City, Pakistan. A total of 22 qualitative in-depth interviews and 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The participants included basic health unit healthcare staff, women of reproductive ages, male family members, mothers-in-law, and religious leaders. We found that maternal and child health is adversely affected by the following socioeconomic and environmental barriers: (i) poor housing quality and sanitation; (ii) inadequate food supply and safety; (iii) unsatisfactory public sector school services; (iv) a lack of safety and security; (v) scarce poverty alleviation efforts and loan schemes; (vi) unsatisfactory transport and internet services; and (vii) inadequate health services. The targets for maternal and child health in Pakistan cannot be met without close coordination between the primary health sector, local governance, and macro state structures, which collectively must monitor and improve housing adequacy, food security, public sector services (primary healthcare services, public schooling, public transport, and public internet access), overall safety, and poverty emergence.

The Effectiveness of the Effect of Holding Time on the Toughness and Macro Structure of Low Carbon Steel Due to Carburizing Pack of Pine Charcoal

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of holding time variation of fir charcoal with oil cooling media SAE 20 on the toughness of low carbon steel ST 37 due to the pack carburizing process. This research method, namely impact test, and macrostructure. In the pack carburizing process using fir charcoal and SAE 20 oil cooling media on the toughness and macrostructure of low carbon steel ST 37. The holding time used is 1,2,3,4 and 5 hours. After the carburizing process, a toughness test and macrostructure observation were conducted. From the results of the toughness test obtained the value of each: 17.513 kJ/mm2 at a holding time of 1 hour, 11.920 kJ/mm2 at a holding time of 2 hours, 13.196 kJ/mm2 at a holding time of 3 hours, 7. 917 kJ/mm2 at a holding time of 4 hour, and 3.081 kJ/mm2. Then for macro photo observations greatly, it can be seen that holding time variations greatly affect the holding time, the more tenuous the steel structure

Welding process optimization for blast furnace shell by numerical simulation and experimental study

At cold temperatures, the stress after welding a blast furnace shell is not completely released because of the fast cooling speed, which results in cracks. To solve this problem, an integrated method combining gray relational analysis, back propagation (BP) neural network, and genetic algorithm-BP (GA-BP) was proposed in this study. Its aim was to analyze the dominant mechanism of residual stress in multi-layer and multi-pass welding process under the heating of ceramic sheet and achieve super-objective collaborative optimization of residual stress. GRA indicated that through the correlation analysis of welding parameters, residual stress, maximum temperature of characteristic point, and deformation, welding speed was determined to be an all-important factor affecting welding quality. A BP prediction model of residual stress was established. The predicted value was in good agreement with the experimental value, and the maximum error was 8.75%. The influence of each factor on the quality of welding seam is not a single, but a complex mechanism of mutual influence. GA-BP determined the combination of low level welding speed 28 mm/min, medium level welding current 210A and medium and low level welding voltage 21V as the optimal solution of low residual stress. The maximum prediction error of residual stress was 13.76%. The experimental results show that the maximum prediction error of residual stress is 4.4%, and the optimized weld has better macro and micro structure, which proves the feasibility of the multi-objective optimization method. Most importantly, the proposed method can effectively identify the optimal welding parameters, which can provide a reliable theoretical basis for engineering practice.

Wall heat loss effect on the emission characteristics of ammonia swirling flames in a model gas turbine combustor

Ammonia (NH3) combustion is regarded as one of the most promising solutions to realize zero CO2 emission. However, its low reactivity, low heat release result in a strong thermal effect (wall heat loss effect) which significantly affects flame macro structure and NOx emission characteristics. In this study, an air film cooling on the swirling combustion chamber was designed to investigate the wall heat loss effect on NOx emission. The flame structure and NO production were measured with the OH-/NO-PLIF techniques. The NOx emission was analyzed by the Gasmet DX4000 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer. Large eddy simulation was also conducted with detailed chemistry to extend the understanding of the experimental findings. For the current combustion chamber, a larger convection heat loss was obtained when increasing the cooling air flow rate. NO emission shows a decreasing trend with heat loss which is mainly caused by the chemical reactions at near all region. This can be verified by the relatively farther NO profile from the combustor wall. By analyzing the LES results at near all region, the combustion efficiency is decreased due the lower temperature. As a result, NO production from HNO and NH pathway is suppressed due to the local OH decreasing in near-wall region. The larger unburned NH3 in the exhausted gas may also consumes NO by the NO reduction reactions. In comparison, N2O, around 300 times global warming potential than that of CO2, significantly increases as the heat loss increases. This is mainly because that the production of N2O from NO is promoted and N2O decomposition is suppressed within the thermal boundary. This study suggests that N2O might become a more serious emission component in NH3 fueled gas turbines. Furthermore, the heat loss effect on the NOx production should be fully considered when designing the gas turbine combustion chamber with strong wall cooling.

Neural network architectures for optical channel nonlinear compensation in digital subcarrier multiplexing systems.

In this work, we propose to use various artificial neural network (ANN) structures for modeling and compensation of intra- and inter-subcarrier fiber nonlinear interference in digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) optical transmission systems. We perform nonlinear channel equalization by employing different ANN cores including convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) layers. First, we develop a fiber nonlinearity compensation for DSCM systems based on a fully-connected network across all subcarriers. In subsequent steps, and borrowing from the perturbation analysis of fiber nonlinearity, we gradually upgrade proposed designs towards modular structures with better performance-complexity advantages. Our study shows that putting proper macro structures in design of ANN nonlinear equalizers in DSCM systems can be crucial in development of practical solutions for future generations of coherent optical transceivers.

Fatigue Strength of Rotary Bending Copper Materials

Non-ferrous metal is a type of metal that does not contain iron (Fe). Pure non-ferrous metals do not need alloying elements because of their chemical resistance and good electrical conductivity. The non-ferrous metal in question is copper. Almost every human need can’t be separated from the element of copper as a supporting material. In the industrial world, copper has an important role because many factory machinery construction utilizes this material. Copper is a material that conducts heat and electricity quite well and has smooth and soft properties. The durability of copper-based structures can be carried out by fatigue tests (fatigue). This study aims to analyze the fatigue strength of copper material with rotary bending type. The test was carried out on copper material without heat treatment. At each loading, the test was carried out five times on different test specimens (Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, Sp4, and Sp5) with variations in the load determined at 15 kg, 17 kg, and 19 kg. Preparation of test specimens using a lathe and photos of micro and macro structures using a microscope. While the fatigue test was carried out using a rotary bending type fatigue test machine. The results of microstructure observations for all loadings showed that the specimens had soft properties. Meanwhile, the observation of the macro structure shows that the specimen has brittle properties. The results of the fatigue test show that the flexural stresses for each load of 15 kg, 17, kg, and 19 kg are written as 33 kg/mm2, 37 kg/mm2, and 42 kg/mm2, respectively.

Review: Bio-inspired surfaces for fouling resistance

This paper discusses the anti-fouling principle of lotus surfaces in nature and applies it to the production of anti-fouling surfaces, providing information and ideas for the research and application of anti-fouling. We discuss various fouling (Biofouling, Icefouling, Precipitation Fouling, Dust fouling, and Chemical Reaction Fouling) and their anti-fouling solution. Currently, no single engineered surface can solve the solid fouling problem extensively, so this paper mainly reviews various complex micro or macro structures and coatings that play a role in different fouling.

Effect of radiation sterilization on the ability to induce adipose regeneration in vivo in decellularized adipose-derived matrix.

Decellularized adipose-derived matrix (DAM), a biological scaffold that can induce adipose regeneration. The balance between its sterilization efficiency and its ability to maintain in situ adipose regeneration should be considered in terminal sterilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of radiation sterilization of cobalt-60 (60 Co)with different doses on adipogenesis induced by different forms of DAM, so as to reduce radiation dose under the premise of safe and effective sterilization and ensure adipogenesis induced by DAM in vivo. High dose (25kGy) and low dose (5kGy) radiation were used to sterilize freeze-dried and wet DAM, respectively. The sterilization efficiency, macro and micro characteristics, mechanical and mechanical properties of DAM were compared, and then implanted into the immunocompromised mice to evaluate the adipose regeneration. Under the two radiation doses, no microbial growth was found in the freeze-dried and wet DAM sterility tests, and no significant changes were observed in the macro and micro structures. In terms of mechanical properties, the elastic modulus of high dose freeze-dried DAM decreased significantly (p<0.001). In vivo animal experiments, the freeze-dried DAM irradiated with high dose almost completely lost its function of adipogenesis in vivo. Although the wet DAM irradiated with high dose could induce fat regeneration in the early stage, the adipocyte deformation and atrophy appeared in the later stage. The freeze-dried and wet DAM after low dose irradiation was similar to the wet DAM without irradiation in the blank control, which could maintain excellent adipogenic and angiogenic functions in vivo. High dose 60 Co irradiation can completely destroy the ability of freeze-dried DAM to induce adipose regeneration in situ, while low dose irradiation (5kGy) can effectively sterilize the DAM without damaging in vivo induced adipose regeneration. Radiation has more damage to freeze-dried DAM than wet DAM in adipogenesis properties.

Exploring system drivers of gender inequity in development assistance for health and opportunities for action.

Background : Deep-rooted and widespread gender-based bias and discrimination threaten achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Despite evidence that addressing gender inequities contributes to better health and development outcomes, the resources for, and effectiveness of, such efforts in development assistance for health (DAH) have been insufficient. This paper explores systemic challenges in DAH that perpetuate or contribute to gender inequities, with a particular focus on the role of external donors and funders. Methods: We applied a co-creation system design process to map and analyze interactions between donors and recipient countries, and articulate drivers of gender inequities within the landscape of DAH. We conducted qualitative primary data collection and analysis in 2021 via virtual facilitated discussions and visual mapping exercises among a diverse set of 41 stakeholders, including representatives from donor institutions, country governments, academia, and civil society. Results: Six systemic challenges emerged as perpetuating or contributing to gender inequities in DAH: 1) insufficient input and leadership from groups affected by gender bias and discrimination; 2) decision-maker blind spots inhibit capacity to address gender inequities; 3) imbalanced power dynamics contribute to insufficient resources and attention to gender priorities; 4) donor funding structures limit efforts to effectively address gender inequities; 5) fragmented programming impedes coordinated attention to the root causes of gender inequities; and 6) data bias contributes to insufficient understanding of and attention to gender inequities. Conclusions : Many of the drivers impeding progress on gender equity in DAH are embedded in power dynamics that distance and disempower people affected by gender inequities. Overcoming these dynamics will require more than technical solutions. Groups affected by gender inequities must be centered in leadership and decision-making at micro and macro levels, with practices and structures that enable co-creation and mutual accountability in the design, implementation, and evaluation of health programs.

ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS TEORI TEUN A. VAN DIJK PADA VIDEO IKLAN DI AKUN YOUTUBE RAMAYANA BERJUDUL “MARGA PELARI”

Before and during Ramadan Ramayana Department Store published one advertisement. The uniqueness in this ad is that it always shows things that are different from the others, even touching the hearts of the audience. Instead of this different case, the latest advertisement is able to attract the hearts of the audience so that 1.2 million times are played on the Youtube account of Gedung Serbaneka Ramayana with the ad headline "Marga Pelari (Series Ramadhan)" which is enough to attract the attention of users. One of the reasons the advertisement attracts the sympathy of the audience is the message conveyed that touches the feelings of the audience. This study aims to examine the Ramayana Department Store Youtube advertisement to explore the hidden intentions behind the Ramayana Department Store advertisement by using three elements, namely; macro structure, super structure, and micro structure. Teun A. van Dijk's approach model used in this study is a descriptive qualitative study. The dialog in the iklat will be the data used by the reviewer. The existence of macro structure, super structure, and macro supra is evidence of the results of the study.

Towards a Sociology of Moral Giving: Social Motivations and Functions of Acts of Donation

AbstractThis article proposes a theoretical approach to the sociology of moral giving. ‘Moral giving’ is a novel term introduced to cover acts of charity, philanthropy, and suchlike, both individual and as associated with donor institutions, such as family foundations and civil society organisations. A topic in moral philosophy for centuries, it has sociological aspects that have not been well studied. Inevitably, there is a complex range of functions motivating moral‐giving actions, including the social ends (benefits, rewards, etc.) that motivate donors. Assuming not to distinguish between motive and function as (potential) drivers, this study presents an analysis of the social motivations of moral giving from an integrative perspective. First, a particularist approach is considered and a novel synthesis of the micro‐macro dichotomy is outlined. Then, five major motivations or perspectives on moral giving are identified – those of religion, exchange relations, solidarity, rational choice, and social capital – and their micro/macro orientations and intersecting functions are briefly reviewed. An integrative model is thereby developed that incorporates mutually transitive relations between macro structures and micro agents and between the various social motives of moral giving.

Youth Political Expression Through Tiktok Social Media

This research aims to find out the political expression of youth on the @presiden Gen Z account on Tiktok. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The discourse analysis research method developed by Teun A. Van Dijk. Data was collected through observation, interviews and questionnaires. Data will be accumulated through two different methods, in terms of studying political attitudes towards the Gen Z President's TikTok account, data collection is used directly on the TikTok application, while data collection techniques are used to examine freedom of expression in the form of documentation and observation. Researchers have accumulated data in accordance with research. There are 6 total data and 4 are taken by random sampling. Based on the findings of this research, it can be seen that through Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis, the content in the Gen-Z President's Tiktok account has its own position in accordance with the prevailing discourse structure. However, on the one hand, in the micro discourse structure (rhetoric) of the graphic section, researchers do not find any graphics there. First, this content has a macro structure so it can be said to be a positive structure. While the superstructure in this content is also known there are 5 points that fill in and integrate each other between subtopics so that they are also known to be positive. Further to the positive microstructure to be found in this content is weak in graphics only. Second, this content has a positive macro structure, positive superstructure and negative microstructure in graphics. Third, content 3 has a positive macro structure, positive superstructure and negative microstructure in graphics. Fourth, content 4 has a positive macro structure, positive superstructure and negative microstructure in graphics.

ANALISIS WACANA PEMBERITAAN MEDIA ONLINE KOMPAS. COM MENGENAI KASUS RAFAEL TRISAMBODO

The problem to be studied in this research is how the discourse is developed in the online news of Rafael Trisambodo case. This research aims to describe the text structure (macro structure and microstructure, social cognition, and social context in online news discourse). The method used is descriptive qualitative with Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model with reading and writing data collection techniques. Two strategies were carried out when analyzing the study data, namely identifying, clarifying, and interpreting the data. Researchers analyzed one trending news discourse, the Rafael Trisambodo case. Based on the findings of this study, it is known that the text illustrates the involvement of several discourse elements, namely semantic aspects, syntactic aspects, and lexicon stylistics. So that the description of the critical discourse analysis study is seen from the three discourse structures of Van Dijk's model and its elements regarding the text of the Rafael Trisambodo case. From the whole discourse critically analyzed in the online news text, the dialect in the news related to social cognition is used to influence and emphasize the Rafael Trisambodo case.

3D-Printed Polyamide 12/Styrene-Acrylic Copolymer-Boron Nitride (PA12/SA-BN) Composite with Macro and Micro Double Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Structures.

Anisotropic thermally conductive composites are very critical for precise thermal management of electronic devices. In this work, in order to prepare a composite with significant anisotropic thermal conductivity, polyamide 12/styrene-acrylic copolymer-boron nitride (PA12/SA-BN) composites with macro and micro double anisotropic structures were fabricated successfully using 3D printing and micro-shear methods. The morphologies and thermally conductive properties of composites were systematically characterized via SEM, XRD, and the laser flash method. Experimental results indicate that the through-plane thermal conductivity of the composite is 4.2 W/(m·K) with only 21.4 wt% BN, which is five times higher than that of the composite with randomly oriented BN. Simulation results show that the macro-anisotropic structure of the composite (caused by the selective distribution of BN) as well as the micro-anisotropic structure (caused by the orientation structure of BN) both play critical roles in spreading heat along the specified direction. Therefore, as-obtained composites with double anisotropic structures possess great potential for the application inefficient and controllable thermal management in various fields.

High temperature creep property of a novel porous double layer cooling structure for gas turbine blades

This article investigates the high-temperature creep macroscopic and microscopic fracture mechanism of the porous double layer (PDL) cooling structure through experiments, and predicts the creep life of the structure using the back propagation (BP) neural network model based on the bone point stress method. The high temperature creep fracture of the PDL cooling structure is determined by the macro structure characteristics and the microstructure properties. Impingement holes and effusion holes, as stress concentration region, provide a place for crack initiation. The crack growth rate of effusion plate is greater than that of impingement plate. When the creep crack extends to a certain length, the effusion plate breaks first, and then the impingement plate breaks instantaneously. At the interface between carbide and matrix, microcracks are prone to occur due to stress concentration and inconsistent deformation, thereby promoting the initiation and propagation of macroscopic cracks. The BP neural network model based on the bone point method has a good prediction result for the creep life of the PDL cooling structure, and the maximum prediction error is 9%.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TEUN A. VAN DIJK'S APPROACH TO THE NEWS ARTICLE "SPREAD OF PMK, MUI CENTRAL JAVA REVEALS LEGITIMATE CONDITIONS FOR SACRIFICIAL ANIMALS"

Towards the celebration of Eid al-Adha in 2022, there was a lot of discussion in the media, both print and online, about the outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in livestock. The purpose of this research is (1) to describe the text structure of the news according to the critical discourse analysis approach by Teun A. Van Dijk, and (2) to describe the characteristics of critical discourse analysis in the news text. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research method using Teun Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis model. The data source for this research was a news article titled "Critical Discourse Analysis using Teun A. Van Dijk's Approach on the News 'FMD Outbreak, Central Java MUI Reveals Conditions for Valid Sacrificial Animals'" published on jatengprov.go.id (Central Java Provincial Government Public Relations and Protocol Office) in June 2022. The data collection technique involved reading and note-taking. The data analysis used in this research was qualitative data analysis using an interactive model. The analysis process consisted of three steps: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) verification or conclusion. These three steps of data analysis were interconnected and had a sequential relationship. The results of the research showed that (1) the text structure of the news aligned with Van Dijk's theoretical structure, which includes macro structure, supra-text structure, and micro-text structure, and (2) based on the characteristics of critical discourse analysis, such as action, context, history, power, and ideology, several opinions in the newspaper text writing could be influenced. Keywords: Discourse analysis, Foot and Mouth Disease, Teun A. Van Dijk.

The Racialized Social System

Ali Meghji’s The Racialized Social System (2022) examines the study of critical race theory (CRT) as a “practical social theory” that examines the micro, meso, and macro dimensions of race across time and space. Meghji sectionizes his analysis into four chapters, the first of which adapts Pierre Bourdieu's theory of “social space” to link the unequitable distribution of resources to the social construct of racial hierarchy at the macro level. Then, in the next chapter, he explores the racialization of emotions on a micro level, detailing how dominant racial ideologies politicize emotions. In the third chapter, Meghji introduces the concept of interactional order and interactional risk(s)/right(s) as a measure of inequitable racial distribution and emotional regulation. Then, in the last chapter, Meghji examines how meso-organizational spaces (schools, workplaces, industries, etc.) are designed to restrict the agency of racialized individuals, while giving agency to their white counterparts. Through this multileveled approach, Meghji illustrates how the “practical social theory” of CRT is a viable tool for analyzing and understanding racism both theoretically and practically. [1] Micro (small) and macro (large) are intertwined “through the racialized social system approach – offers a framework which links the macro structure of racial hierarchy to the micro workings of everyday life, emotions and perceptions” (2022, p.55). Meso (middle) – Meghji refers to “those in-between organizational spaces – education, workplaces, industries and so on – that are worthy of analysis in their own right” (2022, p.90).