Macro Photography Research Articles

Characterization of millimeter magnitude atmospheric pressure glow discharge in pin-to-plane dielectric barrier discharge

Discharge mode in pin-to-plane dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure was investigated by means of the electrical measurement, the photo-electricity and the fast macro photography. The discharge was operated in atmospheric air. Streamer and glow discharge were generated in the positive half-period and negative half-period of discharge respectively with a 10 kHz AC power supply when the applied voltage reached a high value. The subject of this paper is the study of the characterization of the glow discharge. It was found that the glow discharge have the hierarchical structure, although the discharge gap is small (only 0.9 mm). The positive column is shortened as the distance of discharge gap decreases, but the dimensions of other discharge area do not change. The discharge current waveform illustrates that the positive half-period discharge current is very short, which is streamer current waveform, and the negative half-period one is longer, which is glow discharge current waveform. The photo-electricity signal waveform corresponds with discharge current waveform. Two main glow discharge generating reasons are proposed in this paper. One is a sufficient number of space charge produced in the very uneven electric field around needle electrode; the other is the effective secondary electron emission process on the exposed needle electrode.

Troubleshooting digital macro photography for image acquisition and the analysis of biological samples

For years, image acquisition and analysis have been an important part of life science experiments to ensure the adequate and reliable presentation of research results. Since the development of digital photography and digital planimetric methods for image analysis approximately 20years ago, new equipment and technologies have emerged, which have increased the quality of image acquisition and analysis. Different techniques are available to measure the size of stained tissue samples in experimental animal models of disease; however, the most accurate method is digital macro photography with software that is based on planimetric analysis. In this study, we described the methodology for the preparation of infarcted rat heart and brain tissue samples before image acquisition, digital macro photography techniques and planimetric image analysis. These methods are useful in the macro photography of biological samples and subsequent image analysis. In addition, the techniques that are described in this study include the automated analysis of digital photographs to minimize user input and exclude the risk of researcher-generated errors or bias during image analysis.

Work through the Lens

FOTOGRAFIA: Rome International Photography Festival September 20-October 28, 2012 Rome's international photography festival. FOTOGRAFIA, recently hosted a rich agenda of events centered on the timely theme of Work. In this eleventh edition, the sprawling attraction gathered more than two thousand photographs by roughly 180 photographers from across the world in over sixty exhibitions. The main site was at MACRO Testaccio, one of two locations that make up Rome's contemporary art muscum in the south central part of the city, with a myriad of participating galleries and institutes front across Rome. This year's theme while clearly inspired by the ongoing economic crisis applied in varying degree to the exhibits that make up the festival, directed by MACRO photography curator MACRO Dclogu. The windowless, uninterrupted spaces at MACR0 Testaccio a slaughterhouse until 1975 played host to Camera work, a group exhibition of color and black-and-white photographs by ten international artists. As suggested by the title, a direct homage to Alfred Stieglitz's magazine, the show addressed the ways work has changed in the West in the course of the twentieth century, mainly from manufacturing to service economies. At the same time, viewers were confronted with how the photographic representation of this metamorphosis has mutated. Classic works by Chris Killip, Josef Koudelka, and Don McCullin document traditional work like mining and fishing, while Lars Tunbjork's and Florian van Rockers photographs reveal how alienating and depersonalizing offices and desk work can be. I mondi dei lavoti perduti (The Worlds of the Lost Jobs) was a series of photographs or pearl fisherwomen of the Ama group in Japan, taken first near the beginning or their careers in the 1950s by anthropologist and photographer Fosco Maraini, and then again in 2010 by. Nina Poppe. Maraini's pictures show the women, without the aid of oxygen tanks, diving deep bencath the surface with nothing more than a dagger strapped to a loincloth. In Poppe's photos, taken over fifty years later, the same women are still keeping up the craft, albeit with advanced equipment, because a new generation or pearl divers has not risen up to replace them. The festival also devoted space to the Italian photography scene. In it Paese e renle (The Nation is Real), curator and photographer Alessandro Dandini de Sylva selected pictures that don't necessarily refer, at first glance, to specific personal stories of job loss. Rather, it traced an atmosphere of uncertainty and instability regarding the future, nuanced with hope for a positive change desPite the difficulties of circumstances and a feeling of immobility. One photograph, Vada a bordo, cazzo! (Get on board, damn it!. 2012) by Lorenzo Durantini, stands out from the rest. It illustrates the half-sunken carcass of the Costa Concordia cruise liner, which capsized off the Tuscan island of Giglio in January 2012, killing thirty-two people in italy's worst maritime disaster since world war II. The title, lifted from a leaked audio conversation, quotes a coast guard captain ordering the commander of the sinking ship to get back on board and help with the evacuation. The story electrified Italian society with its parable-like hero and villain one consumed with professional and ethical responsibility, the other with cowardice and dereliction of duty. In another MACRO Testaccio pavilion, curators Paul Wombell. Mare Prust, and Valentina Tanni nominated through an international competition in 2010 explored photography's relationships with contemporary art, publishing, and new media respectively. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In the exhibition Field, Wombell gathered three productions that are each related to farmland. While Jackie Nickerson's portraits of farmers in southern Africa recall the language of the depression-era Farm Security Administration photographers, Mishka Henner's project. …

UV–C irradiation as a tool to eradicate algae in caves

Algal proliferation has commonly been reported to occur on monuments, such as crypts, churches, and caves, as soon as artificial lighting is used. In this work we study the effects of UV–C irradiation on algae collected in different caves in Dordogne (southwest of France). First, the effect of UV–C irradiation was tested on algal cell suspensions during increasing exposure times. After treatment, the photosynthetic capacity was assayed using a polarometric method, and algal cell viability was then estimated using a Trypan blue test after a rest period of 15 h. UV–C irradiation was then studied on algal cells cultivated on a solid support consisting of pieces of calcareous stone. Drops of concentrated algal cells were inoculated on stone and exposed to UV–C radiation for 3, 6, or 9 h. After this irradiation, half of the samples were submitted to a high white light intensity (1400 μmol m −2 s −1 of photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) for 6 h while the other half were incubated in the culture room. Subsequently, algal macroscopic parameters such as covering rate and colonized area were measured by macro photography. Both experiments led to the conclusion that UV–C irradiation has deleterious effects on photosynthetic parameters and growth of algal cells.

AMPK and autophagy get connected

Niida et al provide the first conclusive evidence that the DNA damage checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Chk2 are bona fide tumour suppressors, also giving insight into the unique and redundant functions of these two factors in vivo.

Great Auricular Nerve Injury, the “Subauricular Band” Phenomenon, and the Periauricular Adipose Compartments

Experience with anatomical dissection has suggested that two potential complications of rhytidectomy are related to the anatomy of the periauricular adipose compartments: great auricular nerve injury and the "subauricular band" phenomenon. This study describes this anatomy and its relationship to these potential complications. The results of 24 fresh hemifacial cadaver dissections were included in this study. Injections included the use of methylene blue and fixable dye injected into specific regions around the ear. The study incorporated digital macro photography, time-lapse photography, and three-dimensional cross-sections in multiple planes (coronal, sagittal, and axial planes) to identify structural relationships. This study defined five periauricular adipose compartments. The main branch of the great auricular nerve always ran within the subauricular membrane. The subauricular membrane was located between the subauricular and inferior adipose compartments. Inadequate dissection of the lateral neck and postauricular area along with failure to release this membrane completely results in banding of the lateral neck, a stigma of face lift surgery. McKinney's point was consistently found to lie where the great auricular nerve travels deep to the inferior border of Lore's fascia and the tail of the parotid. Below this point, the great auricular nerve is closer to the skin surface and more susceptible to potential injury. Two possible complications of rhytidectomy, great auricular nerve injury and the "subauricular band" phenomenon, are avoidable by understanding the anatomy of the periauricular adipose compartments.

Salmonella vacuole maturation: PIKfyve leads the way

In this issue of The EMBO Journal, a study from Rohan Teasdale’s laboratory provides evidence that PIKfyve, a PtdIns D5-kinase, is required for maturation of Salmonellacontaining vacuole (SCV) and Salmonella replication. This report sheds light on a novel mechanism that mediates fusion of both macropinosomes and SCV with lysosomal/ late endosomal organelles.

Use of a Lighted Reading Magnifier for Cavity Photographing

Sir: Photographs are an essential part of the plastic surgeon's life, as they capture and display the objective changes that have been created and allow for a platform of discussion under more objective circumstances.1–5 Photographing hollow areas including the oral cavity necessitates special equipment. A ring flash is a circle-shaped electronic flash unit that fits around a lens and provides shadowless, uniform frontal lighting, which is especially useful in close-up (macro) photography and in photographing cavities. Currently, digital photography is popular, being reasonably inexpensive and much improved in quality. Digital photography offers multiple advantages in terms of quality, and easy image storage and retrieval. In contrast, with the widespread use of digital cameras today, it has been quite tricky to photograph hollow areas of the body, including orifices such as the oral cavity. This is because many digital cameras are not equipped with classic ring flashes, and the required digital photography equipment for this purpose can be quite expensive. For better quality photographs of the hollow areas including oral mucosa and palate, we put together an arrangement to give the ring flash effect while photographing with a digital camera. The simple placement of a lighted reading magnifier before the patient while taking the picture creates better lighting without shadows and a detailed close-up image. We believe that surgeons, especially those dealing with the oral cavity and other orifices, will benefit from this simple and very affordable arrangement while collecting photographic data (Figs. 1 and 2).Fig. 1.: A lighted reading magnifier placed between the patient and the camera for taking an intraoral picture.Fig. 2.: A detailed, clear photograph of the intraoral cavity taken with a lighted reading magnifier.Billur Sezgin, M.D. Selahattin Ozmen, M.D. Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey DISCLOSURE Neither of the authors has any disclosures of commercial associations or financial relationships.

Measuring ubiquitin chain linkage: Rap80 uses a molecular ruler mechanism for ubiquitin linkage specificity

Measuring ubiquitin chain linkage: Rap80 uses a molecular ruler mechanism for ubiquitin linkage specificity

The Study of Two Humidification and Flattening Methods for Albumen Prints to Determine their Impact on the Evolution of the Cracks in the Albumen Layer

The aim of this research was to study two methods for humidification and flattening of positive prints on albumen paper, and to evaluate the impact of each treatment on the surface characteristics of the albumen. The research was undertaken at Library and Archives Canada and supported by the Carnot Foundation (France). The albumen process was the predominant photographic print process between approximately 1855 and 1890. Prints consist of a lightweight, high-quality paper support coated with a thin layer of egg albumen containing the silver image. The albumen layer of historic prints is generally more brittle and often covered with a network of fine cracks. Various studies have shown a correlation between the introduction of high humidity and an increase in the number and/or size of the cracks, leading photograph conservators to limit their use of wet treatments that are normally employed for other photographic processes. The study proceeded in five stages: Samples were produced according to typical 19th-century formulae followed by ageing to develop measurable cracks (1). Several methods for measuring changes in size and number of cracks following humidification and flattening were tested primarily using macro photography and image processing software (2). Two humidification methods were studied: humidification in a Gore-Tex® sandwich, and the use of a humidity chamber. Varying lengths of time and levels of RH were evaluated (3). Surface images were processed in image processing software and evaluated: results showed a significant change to the cracks in as little as 10 minutes in the Gore-Tex® sandwich, and no change, even after 24 hours, in the humidity chamber (4). For flattening samples after humidification, several methods were evaluated (5). The “hard-soft sandwich” method developed by Homburger and Korbel proved most effective.

A wide depth of field reconstruction method based on partially focused image series

The main problem with images acquired using macro photography is the very shallow depth-of-field. In this article we present and implement an algorithm to reconstruct full focused images based on partially focused images series of the same object acquired with different focus depths. The presented algorithm consists of several phases including: image registration, depth map creation, image reconstruction and final histogram and quality correction.

Influence of Different Woven Geometry in Poly(propylene) Woven Composites

AbstractSummary: The difference between the melting temperatures of poly(propylene) (PP) fibre and random poly(propylene‐co‐ethylene) (PPE) was exploited in order to establish processing conditions for an all PP composite. Under these conditions the matrix must be a liquid in order to ensure good wetting and impregnation at the fibres, though the temperature must not be too high to avoid melting the fibres. The high chemical compatibility of the two components allowed creation of strong physico‐chemical interactions, which favour strong interfacial adhesion. The static and dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of poly(propylene) woven fabric reinforced random PPE composites have been investigated with reference to the woven geometry that influenced the properties of the woven composites. Among the various cloth architectures that were used in the PP‐PPE composites, the satin weave imparted overall excellent mechanical properties due to the weave parameters, such as high float length and fibre count, low interlace point and crimp angle, etc. Morphology of the composite has been investigated by macro photography and scanning electron microscopy. Images from scanning electron microscopy provided confirmation of the above results by displaying the consolidation and good fibre‐matrix wetting of the composites.Loss modulus of poly(propylene) woven‐matrix composites with different types of woven geometry.magnified imageLoss modulus of poly(propylene) woven‐matrix composites with different types of woven geometry.

Competition Among Threadleaf Sundews for Limited Insect Resources

Previous articleNext article No AccessNotes and CommentsCompetition Among Threadleaf Sundews for Limited Insect ResourcesThomas C. GibsonThomas C. Gibson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 138, Number 3Sep., 1991 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/285251 Views: 12Total views on this site Citations: 8Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1991 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Thilo Krueger, Adam T. Cross, Jeremy Hübner, Jérôme Morinière, Axel Hausmann, Andreas Fleischmann A novel approach for reliable qualitative and quantitative prey spectra identification of carnivorous plants combining DNA metabarcoding and macro photography, Scientific Reports 12, no.11 (Mar 2022).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08580-8J. Stephen Brewer Inter- and intraspecific competition and shade avoidance in the carnivorous pale pitcher plant in a nutrient-poor savanna, American Journal of Botany 106, no.11 (Jan 2019): 81–89.https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1219Philip H. Crowley, Kevin R. Hopper, and James J. Krupa An Insect-Feeding Guild of Carnivorous Plants and Spiders: Does Optimal Foraging Lead to Competition or Facilitation?, The American Naturalist 182, no.66 (Jul 2015): 801–819.https://doi.org/10.1086/673477Andreas Jürgens, Amber Sciligo, Taina Witt, Ashraf M. El-Sayed, D. Max Suckling Pollinator-prey conflict in carnivorous plants, Biological Reviews 87, no.33 (Dec 2011): 602–615.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00213.xThomas C. Gibson, Donald M. Waller Evolving Darwin's ‘most wonderful’ plant: ecological steps to a snap‐trap, New Phytologist 183, no.33 (Jul 2009): 575–587.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02935.x Jonathan A. Moran and Alison J. Moran Foliar Reflectance and Vector Analysis Reveal Nutrient Stress in Prey‐Deprived Pitcher Plants (Nepenthes rafflesiana) Moran & Moran, International Journal of Plant Sciences 159, no.66 (Jul 2015): 996–1001.https://doi.org/10.1086/314086L. Magnus Thorén, P. Staffan Karlsson Effects of supplementary feeding on growth and reproduction of three carnivorous plant species in a subarctic environment, Journal of Ecology 86, no.33 (Jan 2002): 501–510.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00276.xPaul Wilson Variation in the intensity of pollination inDrosera tracyi: Selection is strongest when resources are intermediate, Evolutionary Ecology 9, no.44 (Jul 1995): 382–396.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01237761

Lamellar separation in the human lens: the case for fibre folds. A combined in vivo and electron microscopy study.

Lamellar separation is seen as parallel lines in the lens cortex. It has been the subject of a joint study between Oxford and Amsterdam. The condition was studied in vivo by macro photography and in vitro by scanning electron microscopy. The lines are seen to run concentric with the lens equator, crossing the lens fibres at right angles. The lines are commonly limited by a spoke cataract, a water cleft, or a lens suture. The line may continue beyond these features with a change in direction. The lines may branch and rejoin. The lines extend in depth into the lens, polarised light showing that the lines are due to reflection. The name 'lamellar separation' implied that the appearance is due to separation between the lens lamellae. Lamellar separation is now shown by electron microscopy to be due to folds crossing the lens fibres. The clinical study showed the lines occurring with spoke cataract and the electron microscopy showed the association with the novel finding of peripheral breaks in the fibres. A new name 'Fibre Folds' is proposed.

Macro photography and the photographic enlarger.

Macro photography and the photographic enlarger.

Macro Photography

Macro Photography