Macro Analysis Research Articles

Influence of Cyberbullying Victimization on Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: Focusing on the Moderating Effects of Parenting Attitude

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of cyberbullying victimization on suicidal ideation and test the moderating effect of parenting attitudes in the relationship between the two variables.Methods: This study analyzed the data of 5651 middle and high school students from the “Children and Youth Human Rights Survey” conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute in 2020. For analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and a simple model of PROCESS macro analysis methods were performed.Results: The factors influencing suicidal ideation were cyberbullying victimization (β=.10, <i>p</i><.001), decision-respecting parenting attitude (β=-.16, <i>p</i><.001), and neglectful parenting attitude (β=.12, <i>p</i><.001). These factors explained 16.0% of the variance in suicidal ideation after adjusting for other covariates(F=64.55, <i>p</i><.001). Additionally, among parenting attitudes, only a neglectful parenting attitude (B=-0.01, <i>p</i><.001, R2=.14) moderated the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation among adolescents.Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study discussed practical and policy implications for promoting supportive parenting attitudes in preventing cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation.

Impact of green technology on content of bioactive components in eggplant

Background: Green manure fertilizers play a great role in increasing fertility, soil quality and nutrient supply of crops. Additionally, biofertilizers with various strains of fungi increase the availability of biologically active elements for plants. The combined use of green manure and biological fertilizers is of great interest for increasing the content of bioactive components and the functional activity of food.Objective: The main goal of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of various green manure plants and biological fertilizers on the content of bioactive components (total sugars, dry matter, ascorbic acid, B vitamins and macro and micronutrients) in eggplants in the context of increasing food functionality. Methods: Plants from the Fabaceae L. family (beans, peas, and soybeans) were used as green manure. The experiment was set up by a block-randomized method in 4 replications. Biofertilizers were applied at the beginning of intensive growth and at the beginning of the fruiting stage. Soil analysis and content of macro- and micronutrients (Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate, and Iron) in eggplant fruits were done with a spectrophotometry system. Results: Green manure crops and their combination with biofertilizers contributed to an increase in content of vitamin C, Vitamin B1, macro-micronutrients (calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and Iron) in all treatment options. The higher yield was recorded in variants with the use of Organit N’ and ‘Organit P’.Conclusion: The concurrent application of green manure and biofertilizers leads to an enhancement of the functional properties of eggplant fruits. This improvement is attributed to the enhanced soil quality and increased levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds, including vitamins C and B1.The positive effect of the applied technology on the eggplant fruits’ qualitative particularities, productivity and functionality creates a basis for recommending the use of tested fertilizers to producers and will serve as a starting point for evaluating the proposed green technology on other crops.Keywords: soya, bean, pea, vitamin C, vitamin B 1

Prosociality of Modernist Islamic Volunteers in Responding to The Semeru Volcano Eruption

Recently, there has been growing interest in the study of community responses to disasters in Indonesia at macro and meso-levels analysis while little has been paid attention to this study at the micro one or individual level. To fill the literature gap, this article aims to describe prosocial behaviors performed by volunteers involved in addressing the Semeru volcano eruption victims in Lumajang Indonesia occurred in 2021. It was a result of descriptive quantitative research involving 202 participants who identified themselves as Muhammadiyah’s volunteers involved in the humanitarian activities in addressing the natural disaster. The data collection of pro-sociality utilized a prosocial behaviors scale including five aspects: honesty, helping, cooperating, caring, and donating. The validity test of the items used corrected item-total correlation that resulted in 34 valid items, and it had a good reliability based on Cronbach’s coefficient alpha test which was 0,953. The result shows that the participants had predominantly at the moderate level of prosocial behaviors which was four-fifths of the participants. Only a small proportion placed at the high pro-sociality, likewise those who were at the low level meaning these two categories were not significant. This finding is expected to enrich literature related to the role of civil society in responding to disasters, especially at the individual level. However, some relevant topics such as relating prosocial acts to other variables need to get attention for future research to result in comprehensive empirical evidence on this issue.

Bioprospecting of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic actinomycete isolated from Aloe vera

The aim of this work to evaluate the antibacterial action of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic actinomycetes, against isolates of medical interest. For such, the bacteria were isolated from the botanical sample and classical morphological identification was performed. The induction of metabolites production was carried out using the Submerged Fermentation technique, followed by purification of the extract. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was accomplished by using agar diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays. Macro and microscopic analysis of the grown microorganism allowed it to be identified as belonging to the genus Streptomyces. Test results demonstrated that the extract was able to inhibit the growth of C. propinquum 431024, with an inhibition zone of 27±0 mm and of C. propinquum 36063, with an inhibition zone of 24±0 mm and MIC of 32.1 µg/mL for boths. The evaluation of biofilm formation resulted in: C. propinquun 421024 as a weak producer and C. propinquun 36063 as a moderate producer. The biofilm interference test showed that compared to the control there was a reduction in biofilm formation of 22% for C. propinquun 421024, as well as a reduction in pre-formed biofilm of 27%. There was a 48% reduction in the formation and 42% in the pre-formed biofilm of C. propinquun 36063. Lastly, it was concluded that the secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic actinomycetes demonstrated an antibiotic potential against clinical strains (nasopharynx) of Corynebacterium propinquum, a rare pathogen described for causing infections in patients with pulmonary involvement, pleural effusion, bacteremia and endocarditis and which presents an emerging antibiotic resistance.

Central America and the Dominican Republic at Crossroads: The Importance of Regional Cooperation and Health Economic Research to Address Current Health Challenges

ObjectivesWe discuss key health challenges currently faced by countries in the Central America and Dominican Republic region after the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight the influence of socioeconomic determinants for the challenging public health dynamics observed and the crucial roles that regional cooperation and health economic research can have for tackling such challenges. MethodsWe present a descriptive overview of the current situation of public finances and its effect on government capacity to improve social expenditure. We also discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on social dynamics and living conditions in the region. ResultsOur analysis suggests that the interplay between all these factors is likely to have important consequences for health systems and population health in the post-pandemic period. Previous examples of successful cross-country cooperation in the region indicate the great potential that these initiatives have for supporting health system resilience against current challenges. Technical cooperation must be informed by (currently unavailable) research evidence that can guide decision making, especially health economic research to support national health resource allocation policies. Areas identified as priorities for applied health economic research include both macro and microeconomic analyses. ConclusionsCentral America and the Dominican Republic face significant health challenges post-pandemic. Our article emphasizes the great potential that regional technical cooperation, informed by further health economic research, has to improve public policies and health governance in the region.

Nanocomposite synergy for enhanced oil recovery: Macro and micro analysis of CeO2/montmorillonite nanofluids in carbonate and sandstone reservoirs

Cerium (IV) oxide has shown great potential for serving as a mutually advantageous conjunction material when applied in a synergistic manner of use with other chemicals thanks to its oxygen storage capacity. Recently, many researchers have elaborated on novel synthesis methods for achieving nanocomposites (NCs) that combine inherent properties of nano-sized CeO2 with those of montmorillonite, as a low-cost base substance. CeO2/Montmorillonite nanocomposite synthesized by application of an environmentally friendly reducing and stabilizing agent. The success of the synthesis was verified by analytical techniques including Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermo-Gravimetric analysis, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Mapping, X-Ray Diffraction analysis, Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Nanofluids were prepared by dispersing the synthesized NCs, at different concentrations as aqueous colloidal solutions and then studied for investigating the nanofluid colloidal stability. Experimental studies were undertaken on the nanofluid functioning subjects of the fluid/fluid and fluid/fluid/rock interactions area in both macro and micro scales. Macro investigations of interfacial tension and wettability alteration and also micro-analysis of microfluidic injections with proper visualizations of created effects within pore structures were carried out. The results confirmed the proper synthesis of the NC and its stability in water-based nanofluids. CeO2 nano clays showed nearly 33 % optimization of the interfacial tension (IFT) (i.e., IFT decreased from the initial value of 27 to 18 mN/m at the NC concentration of 1000 ppm). However, their effect on the alteration of wettability was significant. Indeed, at the optimum concentrations, the contact angle decreased from 151° to 19.38° at the concentration of 500 ppm for carbonate lithology (87.1 % optimization) and also it decreased from 135.5° to 18.73° at the concentration of 1500 ppm for sandstone lithology (86.1 % optimization). The effect of wettability alteration for carbonate rocks was reported to be high enough for changing the wettability to a strong water-wet state while the wettability alteration for sandstone lithology was measured to be low. Both wettability alteration studies and micro visualizations validated the strong and low wettability alteration for carbonate and sandstone lithology systems. Also, the emulsion analysis was carried out on the micro-scaled images of the pores and throats with their containing fluids by a new method of color saturation investigation which showed a promising new emulsion analysis method for micro-scaled experiments.

Entrepreneurial Intention of Rural College Students: Role of Perceived Behavioural Control, Entrepreneurial Desire and Entrepreneurial Knowledge

Drawing from the theory of goal directed behaviour and the multi-dimensionality of the Perceived Behaviour Control (PBC) construct proposed by Ajzen, the major objective of this cross-sectional research study was to investigate the extent to which, the two dimensions of PBC (Self-Efficacy and Perceived Controllability) predicts entrepreneurial intention directly and in the presence of entrepreneurial desire as the mediator. Also, the direct effect of the two dimensions of PBC was studied in the presence of a potential moderator, entrepreneurial knowledge. The sample for the present study was 239 rural undergraduate college students in Puducherry district of Pondicherry union territory. Measurement model was analysed using Confirmed Factor Analysis (CFA) in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) and Process macro (model 5) was used to analyse the mediation and moderation analysis. The results revealed that the two dimensions of PBC havet both direct as well as the indirect influence over entrepreneurial intentions with entrepreneurial desire being the mediator. On the other hand, entrepreneurial knowledge does play a significant role as a moderator between the two dimensions of PBC and entrepreneurial intentions. The study has both theoretical and practical implications in the existing literature with minimum limitations and suggestion for the future researchers.

Parenting practices and adolescents’ mental health: Serial mediation by parental acceptance and adolescents’ grit

ABSTRACT This quantitative cross-sectional study assessed the serial mediation effect of perceived parental acceptance and adolescents’ grit on the relationship between effective parenting practices and adolescents’ mental health. A total of 761 school-going adolescents (468 females; aged 13–18 years) from the Klang Valley area were recruited using purposive sampling method. They completed the Perceived Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, Short Grit Scale, Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. PROCESS macro analysis revealed that the relationship between paternal and maternal effective parenting practices and adolescents’ mental health were independently mediated by both perceived parental acceptance and adolescents’ grit. This shows that effective parenting practices used by fathers and mothers help in reducing adolescents’ mental health issues as effective parenting is perceived as a form of acceptance and is able to improve grittiness in adolescents. Moreover, a serial mediation analysis found that higher usage of effective parenting practices in fathers and mothers are perceived for higher acceptance, contributing to higher grittiness, which then lowers mental health issues in adolescents. Our results suggest that organizations and individuals involved with adolescents should actively promote the adoption of effective parenting techniques by both mothers and fathers to enhance the mental well-being of adolescents.

Grey correlation analysis of macro- and micro-scale properties of aeolian sand concrete under the salt freezing effect

To study the effect of the pore structure of aeolian sand concrete (ASC) with different compositions on its compressive strength in a freeze-thaw environment, ASC with 0% (S0), 25% (S25), 50% (S50), 75% (S75), and 100% (S100) of aeolian sand (AS) content was prepared in our experiment. The damage and degradation laws of the compressive strength of ASC cube in the presence of chloride freeze-thaw were studied, and the compressive strengths of S0, S50 and S100 were predicted from the pore structure parameters. Compressive strength, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests of the ASC samples were carried out. Grey correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the pore structure parameters and the compressive strength, and a model was developed to predict the compressive strength of S0, S50 and S100 ASC subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). It was shown that ASC with 25% AS content showed a large improvement in compressive strength, which was 6.86% higher than that of the S0 group. With the progression of FTCs, the porosity of ASC increases, and the bound fluid saturation and the proportion of 0–0.1 µm pores decrease. According to the grey correlation analysis, the saturation of bound fluid and the proportion of 0–0.1 µm pores have the strongest correlation with the compressive strength of ASC. The joint prediction model for the compression strength has a correlation coefficient of 0.937, and is able to better predict the compressive strength of ASC at different AS replacement rates during the FTCs.

Concrete with Wet and Calcined Water Treatment Plant Waste: Macro and Micro Scale Analysis

Concrete with Wet and Calcined Water Treatment Plant Waste: Macro and Micro Scale Analysis

Analysis of Bilibili's Operating Model and Research on Homogeneous Competition Strategy in the Perspective of New Media

In 2019, it became increasingly difficult for Chinas mobile internet users to grow. Fewer new users were downloading mobile apps, causing the incremental market to transform into a stock market in that major mobile companies started to compete. Against this backdrop of profitability still being a certain distance away, Bilibili could prioritize slightly delaying its core goal of profiting and instead increase its shared revenue and content costs to further enhance its core competitiveness and expand its influence. This article analyzes Bilibilis development environment and trends from two perspectives: macro analysis of Chinas video industry development and micro analysis of Bilibili and other peer companies development. Finally, the article provides suggestions, such as strengthening content innovation, improving user experience, expanding user groups, and building a solid brand image, to create a more promising future for Bilibili. Finally, this article presents a vision for conducting further research and analysis on Bilibili in the future.

Abstract 11582: The Fingertip Artery is Better Than the Brachial Artery in Evaluating Vascular Endothelial Function for Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients

Introduction: Several studies demonstrated that endothelial function is impaired in diabetic patients, but no study evaluated vascular parameters in diabetic patients trough a combined analysis of macro and micro-endothelial function. In addition, the difference in vascular parameters between diabetes patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and without CAD remains unknown. We assessed whether CAD is related to macro or micro vascular endothelial function in diabetic patients. Hypothesis: We measured vascular function in 219 diabetic patients (age 68±10 years), including 147 patients with CAD (CAD group) and 72 patients without CAD (control group). Flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD)indicating macro-endothelial function in the brachial artery was measured by ultrasound using a semi-automatic device: UNEXEF18G (UNEX Co. Nagoya, Japan). Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) indicating micro-endothelial function in the fingertip artery was measured by peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT 2000). Vascular function tests were measured on the same day. Results: RHI was significantly impaired in CAD group (RHI: 2.0±0.7 vs.1.7±0.5 P=0.012), however FMD had no deference in the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that RHI (odds ratio: 0.44, 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.94) was an independent predictor for CAD in diabetic patients. Conclusions: RHI, an acknowledged marker of micro-endothelial function was a more sensitive method than FMD in evaluating the risk assessment of CAD in diabetic patients. more peripheral vascular endothelial function was associated with CAD in diabetic patients.

Fracture failure analysis of the main shaft of a large sewage treatment equipment

In view of the main shaft fracture failure accident occurred in the service process of a sewage treatment equipment, this paper carried out the fracture macro analysis, chemical composition analysis, material mechanical properties testing, metallographic structure analysis, fracture micro morphology analysis of the failure of the main shaft. The analysis results show that there are cold cracks in the weld and toe of the main shaft of the equipment, and the cracks expand under the action of rotating and bending alternating loads. The main shaft speed of the equipment is 3r/min, the load change frequency is very small, and the corrosive medium has sufficient time to play a role in the crack tip, fatigue cracks further propagated, leading to corrosion fatigue fracture of the main shaft. So in order to prevent this kind of failure, it is suggested to improve the welding process regulations for the equipment of the main shaft and rationally select welding materials.

Analysis of factors influencing stock returns with firm size as a moderating variable in the garment and textile industry listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) 2016-2020

The problem of this research was entering the era “New Normal” has become an opportunity for economic players to invest in the capital market. Due to the unstable economic conditions, Therefore, investors need to conduct fundamental analysis in macro and micro economics so that their investments can obtain high stock returns the objective of this research was analysis of Factors Affecting Stock Returns with Firm Sizeas Moderating Variable in the Garment and Textile Industry Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2016-2020. The methodology of this research was the collection of data using the scondary data by annual report firm Garment and Tekstil in BEI. The samples used in research as many as 16 firm with technique purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that there is no effect significant of ROE, DER, DER onstock returns. There is a significant negative effect of Interest Rates and Firm Size on stock returns. Variable Firm Size was also not proven to play a moderating role in the influence of ROE, DER, and CR, but Firm Size was able to significantly moderatinge the effect of interest rates on stock returns of garment and textile companies 2016-2020.

PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN WISATA PENTADIO RESORT DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR TROPIS MODERN

The development of tourist objects will certainly contribute to the growth of the area around these tourist objects. Until now, Gorontalo Province has many tourist objects whose development has not received much attention so that it can cause a reduction in visitors to these tours, one of which is the Pentadio Resort which has an area of 14 ha and is located in Gorontalo Regency. The specialty of the Pentadio Resort tour is the hot spring bath and visitors can witness the bursts of hot springs. However, the current condition of the Pentadio Resort Hot Springs area is very concerning, the local community is not able to optimally utilize and manage these potentials as well as the lack of attention from the Government and the lack of other supporting facilities such as children's playgrounds that are not well organized. This research aims to create a tourist destination design that applies the concept of modern tropical architecture by improving the quality of tourist facilities such as accommodation, recreational and entertainment facilities. This study uses qualitative methods and observations as a first step in determining aspects of the design concept for the development of tourist areas. The analytical method applied is micro analysis of the site planning site and macro analysis is determining the criteria for site analysis in the area. The final result of this study is the application of modern tropical architectural concepts to sustainable natural tourism areas. The results of the study show that there are 3 concepts for the development of spatial design visualization in the pentadio resort tourism area, namely the core zone, buffer zone, and service zone. Development in this area can meet the needs of visitors and create open spaces that are comfortable, safe, fun, cultured in the development of pentadio resort tourism.

PERANCANGAN KAWASAN ISLAMIC CENTER DENGAN PENDEKATAN GREEN ARCHITECTURE

Islam is a religion which Allah has sent down to the Prophet Muhammad as a mercy to all mankind. There are three main aspects to consider, namely the aspects of Aqidah (faith), Shariah (norms and laws), and Akhlak. (moral atau budaya). The need for a container that fully informs Islam and becomes a reference place for activities that breathe Islam that can unite Muslim communities in particular in Bone Bolango district, so it is necessary a place that can accommodate activities that have Islamic nuances in one place. So we need a facility that can accommodate the three, which is an Islamic Center. The province of Gorontalo until now is still in the planning phase by the government, in Bone Bolango district which is now the research site has an area of 2.12 hectares that at the time there is already a mosque used as a place of worship of the surrounding community, Islamic Center has benefits for Hajj Jemaah which in the site planned several supporting facilities for the Hajj jemaah district of Bone bolango, This research uses qualitative methods and observations to meet the needs that exist within Islamic center, for the analysis applied that is micro and macro analysis in order to obtain criteria as initial in Islamic Centre planning. The final result of this research is the application of the concept of Green Architecture in the Islamic Center area, and also the application to the supporting facilities in it, as well as the addition of Islamic center support facilities, this application is carried out according to the appropriate conditions in the Bone Bolango district, in order to create a comfortable area for users.

Analysis of macro and micronutrient contents and spatial distribution in Vushtrria region, Kosovo

Analysis of macro and micronutrient contents and spatial distribution in Vushtrria region, Kosovo

Influence of various titanium-containing additives on the modification efficiency of aluminum–silicon eutectic alloy

This study investigates the impact of titanium addition to the eutectic silumin AK12 melt, considering various methods of addition. The research results encompass the sole introduction of titanium (at a calculated amount of 0.1 wt.%) through different forms/methods, such as the Al–4%Ti ligature, TiO2 oxide, K2TiF6 salt, and Ti sponge. Additionally, the study explores the combined addition of titanium and a standard flux (comprising 62.5 % NaCl + 12.5 % KCl + 25 % NaF). The research involved qualitative and quantitative analyses of macro- and microstructures, spectral analysis data, and mechanical properties (tensile strength and relative elongation) of the alloys. The findings highlight that titanium has a positive influence on the structure of eutectic silumin, with the most effective results achieved when combined with the standard flux. However, the efficiency of silumin modification with titanium varies depending on the method of addition. Specifically, the introduction of titanium in the form of K2TiF6 fluoride salt, Al–4%Ti ligature, and titanium sponge positively affected macro grain refinement, reduced the spacing between the secondary dendrite arms of the solid solution (α-Al), and enhanced the dispersion of eutectic silicon. The most promising approach for complex silumin modification involves the joint introduction of titanium-containing substances and a sodium salt-based flux. This combination has a multifaceted impact on the silumin structure, leading to the simultaneous modification of various structural components in aluminum–silicon alloys. Depending on the type of titanium-containing substance, when processed alongside flux, the alloy achieves a relative elongation ranging from 9.7 % to 11.1 %, exceeding the same parameter for the unmodified alloy by more than 4 times and surpassing the sodium-modified alloy's relative elongation by 17–37 %. Furthermore, the ultimate strength reaches levels of 171–193 MPa, representing a 22–38 % improvement compared to the unmodified alloy and a 7–21 % increase compared to the sodium-modified alloy.

MUTLULUĞUN ÇEVRİM İÇİ ALIŞVERİŞTE MÜŞTERİLERİN TEKRAR SATIN ALMA NİYETLERİNE ETKİSİ

When the relevant literature is reviewed, it will be seen that there is a research gap regarding the effect of happiness on consumer behavior before shopping. This study was conducted to fill this research gap. The aim of this study is to explore how happiness affects customers’ repurchase intentions when they shop online. In addition, the indirect effect of happiness on online repurchase intention is explored in this study, focusing on the mediating role of perceived online shopping enjoyment and perceived online shopping usefulness. The data were collected from 296 participants through an online survey. Regression and process macro analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. According to the findings of the study, happiness has a positive and significant direct effect on perceived online shopping enjoyment, perceived online shopping usefulness, and online repurchase intention. Moreover, perceived online shopping enjoyment and perceived online shopping usefulness have a positive and significant direct effect on online repurchase intention. In addition, perceived online shopping enjoyment and perceived online shopping usefulness mediate the indirect effect of happiness on online repurchase intention. Suggestions are provided in the study. Practitioners should consider that pre-shopping happiness, perceived online shopping enjoyment, and perceived online shopping usefulness may drive consumers to shop online.

Energy sustainability blueprint: A critical analysis of macro and micro influential factors in Pakistan

Achieving energy sustainability requires conceptualised strategies that identify governing aspects and influential factors. Energy sustainability has been attempted by focusing mainly on macro aspects of the energy infrastructure (EI), while its conjunction with the micro-environment has been overlooked. Additionally, the previous literature mostly focused on other issues and ignored assessing energy sustainability considering macro and micro aspects of energy in the context of developing countries like Pakistan. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive decision-making framework (DMF) was constructed by adopting a multiple-case study approach, which was a novel contribution to the literature. The DMF constituted influential factors (IFs) discovered by focusing on the macro and micro aspects of the entire EI and analysed by soliciting the experts’ opinions. To establish the presence of discovered IFs in the DMF, the IFs were first tested and validated by calculating the content validity index. Second, the sustainability aspects and factors were ranked based on their optimal weights calculated using the best-worst method (BWM) and compared using a statistical mean scoring technique. The significance index of IFs was then calculated to determine their essential potential for the DMF. Referring to the quantitative assessment of IFs, the problem and objectives trees encompassing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the EI of Pakistan were established. Findings revealed that micro aspects, such as ‘energy system flexibility’, ‘share of renewables in the energy mix’, and ‘durability of renewables’ were more critical than macro aspects. The study findings will aid policymakers, stakeholders, and government agencies from developing countries like Pakistan to get better insight into the impact of each macro and micro factor for developing sustainable energy infrastructure.