Machine Tool Manufacturers Research Articles

MODAL ANALYSIS OF MOTORIZED SPINDLE USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Dynamic market conditions shows contant need to significantly shorten the time cycle of the product design phase, with demands for the lowest possible price and highest possible quality. Motorized spindle is already widely used as the main spindle of modern machine tools. Predict dynamic characteristic through numerical simulations is trend among machine tool manufacturers, especially when high accuracy is involved. Finite element method (FEM) is the most commonly used method for analyzing the dynamic behavior of the main spindle. In this work, a model was developed based on the finite element method. The obtained results are compared with experimental test.

Internal Losses in Machine Tool Production

Internal Losses in Machine Tool Production

Рассеяние энергии в муфтах переменной жесткости со змеевидной пружиной при крутильных колебаниях

The paper presents results of the theoretical research of the structural vibration damping in the variable stiffness couplings with a serpentine spring, which are rather widely used in the drives of the heavy engineering and machine tool products exposed to the vibration loads. When performing dynamic calculations of the drives of such machines, it is necessary to know the dissipative characteristics of their components and parts, including the indicated couplings. The paper considers the case of torsional harmonic vibrations characteristic for the coupling drive with a serpentine spring associated with twisting of the shafts connected by this coupling due to the attached parts imbalance. Quantitative characteristics of the torsional vibration energy dissipation in the couplings under consideration were studied and determined using the well-known method for estimating the vibration energy losses due to friction during slipping in the compressed parts’ contact. Mathematical model of the torsional vibration damping in a coupling was developed, which makes it possible to determine its quantitative characteristics in the form of vibration energy dissipation per cycle and the absorption coefficient depending on the coupling design parameters and the vibration process. The proposed model is implemented as an interactive application program in the MATLAB computer environment.

Recent Trends, Developments, and Emerging Technologies towards Sustainable Intelligent Machining: A Critical Review, Perspectives and Future Directions

Intelligent manufacturing is considered among the most important elements of the modern industrial revolution, which includes digitalization, networking, and the development of the intelligent manufacturing industry. With the progressive development of modern information technology, particularly the new generation of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, many new opportunities are coming into existence for intelligent machine tool (IMT) development. Intelligent machine tools offer diverse advantages, including learning and optimizing machining processes, error compensation, energy savings, and failure prevention. The paper focuses on the machine tool market in terms of global production, the leading machine tool-producing countries, and the leading countries’ market share in machine tool production. Moreover, the usage of various artificial intelligence techniques in intelligent machining operations is also considered in this comprehensive review, including machining parameter optimization, tool condition monitoring (TCM), and chatter vibration management of intelligent machine tools. Furthermore, future challenges for the machine tool industry are also highlighted.

Modeling and Simulation of Low Carbon Oriented Machining Centre Machines

The whole country is working hard to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and carry out energy-saving and emission-reduction measures. In order to realize the low-carbon manufacturing of machine tools, the carbon emissions in the processing process of the machining center are analyzed, the carbon emission boundary and its composition are determined, and the mathematical model of carbon emissions of the machining center is established. The VERICUT software was used to simulate the machining center, and the carbon emission model was verified by orthogonal design by simulating the machining process in the software. The results show that the carbon emission model of the processing center established in this paper has high accuracy, and the error is within 4% compared with the actual processing carbon emission value, indicating that the model can accurately reflect the size of the carbon emission and verify the effectiveness of the model.

Acquisition Method of User Requirements for Complex Products Based on Data Mining

The vigorous development of big data technology has changed the traditional user requirement acquisition mode of the manufacturing industry. Based on data mining, manufacturing enterprises have the innovation ability to respond quickly to market changes and user requirements. However, in the stage of complex product innovation design, a large amount of design data has not been effectively used, and there are some problems of low efficiency and lack of objectivity of user survey. Therefore, this paper proposes an acquisition method of user requirements based on patent data mining. By constructing a patent data knowledge base, this method combines the Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model and a K-means algorithm to cluster patent text data to realize the mining of key functional requirements of products. Then, the importance of demand is determined by rough set theory, and the rationality of demand is verified by user importance performance analysis. In this paper, the proposed method is explained and verified by mining the machine tool patent data in CNKI. The results show that this method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of user requirements acquisition, expand the innovative design approach of existing machine tool products, and be applied to other complex product fields with strong versatility.

Accuracy design optimization of a CNC grinding machine towards low-carbon manufacturing

Accuracy design is an important and essential step for CNC machine tools, and traditional methods always focus on the accuracy optimization itself and ignore other objectives, such as low-carbon manufacturing. With the increasing concern about resources and the environment, energy consumption and carbon emissions should be taken into consideration in accuracy design optimization. This paper takes a novel CNC slider grinding machine with dual-head-dual-lead structure as an example to build an accuracy design model considering sustainable development. Specifically, the feed system of the machine tool is examined, which presents significant accuracy design challenges and has a great impact on the machine's positioning accuracy. By using the improved Sobol method, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to extract the critical geometric error terms, and the sensitivity indices of these terms are utilized to guide the optimization process. By considering manufacturing cost, quality loss, and carbon emissions of the grinding process with long period and high energy consumption, a more comprehensive accuracy design model is built and optimized by using the NSGA-II algorithm. Moreover, the Pareto optimal solution for balancing the objectives is selected through combining entropy-weight and technique for ordering preferences by the similarity of the ideal solution (TOPSIS). The optimization results demonstrate that the accuracy level of the machine tool can be ensured while reducing carbon emissions and total cost up to 30.2% and 18.4% respectively, which is important for promoting clean production in machine tool manufacturing. Besides, the proposed accuracy design framework has the potential to apply to other components and manufacturing processes of CNC machine tools to enhance sustainability and reduce carbon emissions.

Mechatronic‑modular production of machine tools – is a function of the cost of resources

The annual and prospective increase in the cost of resources (material and energy carriers) leads to an increase in the cost of cast blanks, the cost of machine tools and a decrease in their competitiveness. The directions of thrift of basic and auxiliary materials, reduction of machine tool manufacturing time due to a revolutionary approach to the principles of design and creation of basic parts from unified modular cast blanks are proposed.

Design and Manufacturing of Robotic Arm for Industrial Applications

Design and Development of Automation of Loading and Unloading to machine fixture” This Setup involves the use of automation solution to reduce operator fatigue and increase efficiency. Industries in the recent day concentrating on CNC machineries for mass production by replacing conventional lathes to improve productivity, but loading and unloading of job carried over by manual, However Present work, machine tool manufacturer are coming with solutions including automatic loading and unloading to reduce the fatigue of labour and reduce cycle time and increasing productivity. Productivity Improvement on a Production by Automatic Loading and Unloading of Component includes analysis and detailed study of manufacturing process including loading and unloading methods of components on a machine. Present work aims at improving the productivity of components on a CNC Fixture. Here emphasis is placed upon improving the existing time-consuming methods.

A Rollercoaster Year with Ups and Downs

Last year, was another blockbusting 12 months as the globe slowly emerged from Covid-19, continued political uncertainty, while powerful new headwinds impacted operations. However, the machine tool industry and manufacturing in general once again showed its resilience

Prototyping a data-driven customer segmentation utilizing machine usage data for product portfolio management

For companies to have well-fitting product portfolios, product portfolio management requires profound knowledge of its customers. Data-driven decision processes like customer segmentation offer more objectivity than established qualitative assessments. In contrast to existing research, which focuses on customer segmentation based on buying behavior, this paper prototypes a usage-behavior-based customer segmentation for a machine tool manufacturer for sheet metal processing, utilizing machine usage data. Additionally, self-service reports of the customer segmentation are generated. The design choices regarding the data selection, pre-processing, and clustering algorithm selection are verified based on the segmentation results and real-world applicability of the generated reports.

A Review on Non-Linear and Mathematical Modelling for Stiffness Characteristics of Linear Motion Guide Ways

Linear motion guide ways moves along a predetermined path. Linear Motion guide way features High Positioning, Repeatability, Low Frictional Resistance. Linear Motion guide ways finds wide applications in Aerospace, Automotive, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Machining Tools, Industrial Robots. The stiffness of a Linear Motion guide way is important for the static & dynamic behaviours of machine. The worldwide work focuses stiffness from load and deflection point which in turns help the designers and Machine tool manufacturers to build guide ways for suitable applications. Some studies reveals that the load (Vertical and Horizontal) and deflection in guide ways are having non-linear behaviour. Less work has been done till date considering the non-linear behaviour. Major studies have focussed on Vertical, while few have nominally considered horizontal loading. We wish to present a study considering effect of Vertical, Horizontal and Combined loading on Linear Motion guide ways. We also propose to develop a mathematical model to optimize the stiffness values for Linear Motion guide ways having different rolling elements. Studies done so far reveal clearly that this nature of study has not been undertaken till date and we expect that our work will benefit Research Scholars, Academic Institutes along with designers and Machine tool Manufacturers.

工作機械づくりの動向について

工作機械づくりの動向について

Design of a measurement system for measuring geometric errors of a workpiece table during two-axis synchronous motion

With the increasing customer demand for high-precision workpieces, the accuracy performance of CNC machine tools has become an increasingly important hot topic for almost all machine tool manufacturers. For fine surface finish workpieces, the performance of multi-axis synchronous motion has a significant impact on lathe processing. Accordingly, it is necessary to calibrate and identify the geometric errors of the workpiece table during multiple-axis synchronous motion. Therefore, this study proposes a novel noncontact optical measurement system for measuring the geometric errors of the workpiece table while the two axes are moving simultaneously. In addition, the horizontal CNC lathe machine iTC-2000LM, produced by Tongtai machine & tool Co., Ltd., was taken as the research vehicle. The proposed measurement system comprises an optics module composed of several reflectors, lenses, and cubic beam splitters; a sensing module composed of multiple two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors (PSDs); and a laser. Based on the principle of geometric optics theory and the optical triangulation method, complete mathematical models that describe the geometric errors of the workpiece table during two-axis synchronous motion were established using the skew-ray tracing method. Additionally, the essential features of the proposed measurement system were verified using the optical design software Zemax. Finally, a laboratory prototype system was constructed to experimentally verify the proposed measurement system. As mentioned above, the main contribution of this study is to design a novel and highly efficient measurement system with established measurement mathematical models and experimental verifications.

Особенности применения теории силовых смещений к расчету контактной жесткости опоры шпиндельного радиально-упорного шарикоподшипника

Contact stiffness is an important parameter for describing the interaction of plenty precise engineering solutions, for example, for machine-tool manufacture, the most important element of the carrier system is the spindle assembly supports, largely determining the accuracy of machining parts on the machine. The article considers an example of a system approach to describing the variable stiffness of a high-precision spindle bearing, combining an analytical approach to calculating the variable quasi-static stiffness of an angular contact ball bearing and a methodological approach that takes into account the contact normal and tangential force displacements of the upper bearing ring while considering the friction force for tangential interactions. The proposed system approach to calculating the stiffness of a ball bearing support is based on fairly simple models, in particular, the apparatus proposed by Professor P.M. Chernyanskiy, describing the phenomena of changing the spindle supports stiffness. These changes were experimentally obtained and weren’t described in earlier works. It is shown that the experimental stiffness consists of elastic and contact components, depending on the friction forces, therefore, the concept of apparent stiffness is introduced for data that are not taken into account in the processes under study. The effect of the axial displacement of the spindle is explained on the basis of contact interactions in the support of the spindle unit. The resulting analytical system model was tested on well-known bearing supports and the obtained stiffness solutions were compared with validated experimental data from open sources

Compensation of Thermally Induced Errors in Five-Axis Computer Numerical Control Machining Centers Equipped With Different Spindles

Abstract Thermally induced errors are the dominant source of inaccuracy in machine tools today and are often the most difficult type of error to reduce. Software compensation of thermally induced displacements at the tool center point (TCP) is a widely employed error reduction technique due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. Transfer function (TF)-based compensation methods lead to promising results, as has been shown in previous studies. Furthermore, machine tool manufacturers frequently offer the same type of machine tool equipped with different spindle units. This leads to different thermal deformation behavior depending on the specific spindle unit mounted in the machine tool. To demonstrate this difference, experimental research is carried out on three five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machining centers of the same type equipped with three different spindle units. The experimentally obtained thermal errors at the TCP of three machine tools with different mounted spindle units are compared, showing a significant variation in thermal errors in the Z-direction depending on the spindle unit. The research presented in this paper shows a dynamic approach to thermal error compensation of five-axis CNC machining centers considering different spindle units. System identification theory is applied to build dynamic thermal error models for three different spindle units based on calibration experiments. Subsequently, the evaluation of model performance through spindle spectrum tests shows that a reduction in thermal error of up to 85% was achieved in the Z-direction after compensation.

Recent Patents on Cooling System of CNC Machine Tools

Abstract: With the development of machine tools for high precision and high automation, the problem of thermal deformation has become very prominent. As the spindle speed, feed rate, and effective working time of CNC machine tools are much higher than those of ordinary machine tools, the influence of heat generation and thermal deformation of machine tools on machining accuracy is far greater than that of ordinary machine tools. High-efficiency, high-precision processing machine tools, and CNC machine tools require high accuracy and stability. Therefore, the design and manufacturing of CNC machine tools must fully consider the impact of thermal deformation on machining accuracy and take corresponding measures. The cooling of the CNC machine tools can improve the machining efficiency of the machine tools, the quality of parts processing, and the service life of the CNC machine tools. Various representative patents and papers on the cooling of CNC machine tools at home and abroad have been reviewed. By summarizing a large number of patents and papers on the cooling of CNC machine tools, the cooling methods and methods of CNC machine tools, the recovery, and treatment of coolant are analyzed, and the development trend of CNC machine tools is discussed. The improvement of the CNC machine tools cooling system has a great impact on improving machining accuracy, efficiency, and stability. Therefore, more patents on CNC machine tool cooling systems will emerge in the future.

Success Factors for the Validation of Requirements for New Product Generations – A Case Study on Using Field Gathered Data

AbstractThis paper investigates which activities and success factors can be identified for the data-driven validation of functional requirements. For this purpose, a case study is conducted at a machine tool manufacturer. To validate functional requirements by analyzing data of reference products, these activities must be performed iteratively: basic work, interdisciplinary work, programming and check results. For the successful execution of data-driven validation, the success factors: data origin, acceptance, data quality, knowledge about data and combination of domain knowledge must be considered.

All Markets Covered

Yamazaki Mazak once again proved a massive draw at MACH, where the machine tool manufacturer highlighted new machines, innovations and revealed their new Go Green initiative

Staffing Considerations and International Trade Fairs for Korean SME Exporters and Innovators

There is a dearth of literature on international trade fair (ITF) staffing functions from the perspective of the exhibitor, and on firm-level internationalization and innovation-related activity within the ITF environment. This research explores specific ITF staffing considerations and their linkages with a number of measures related to firm-level internationalization strategies, relationship building, and innovative activity. A relationship marketing perspective and two research questions are deployed. Results are based on quantitative analyses of firm-level data on smalland-medium-sized (SME) Korean advanced machine tool manufacturers. Results indicate that firms staffed with senior management place more emphasis on meetings with overseas agents and on market information gathering. Firms staffed with technicians emphasize benchmarking activity. The presence of engineers emerges as vital to the setting of clear goals for ITF attendance. Engineers fill even more pivotal roles in the use of ITFs for establishing relationships with potential buyers, for information gathering on them, and for innovative activity. SMEs in technologically advanced sectors and those seeking to expand their export horizons should diversify and enhance their ITF staffing, namely by including more engineers and technicians in conjunction with upper management. They should also move beyond a sales-only motivation and make sure that cross-training helps to better prepare all staff for functions outside of their general job descriptions. Findings may have a direct bearing on Korean firms given the context surrounding the industry, and on (East) Asian firms in particular given an organizational preference to staff with lower-level management and sales personnel.