Machine Production Research Articles

Integer weighted goal programming model for a multi-product company: a case study in the Nigerian food industry

Production planning is a complicated task that requires cooperation among multiple functional units in any organization. The management of production companies have several goals or target which they intend to achieve for their company. Henceforth, this research work presents a weighted Goal programming model for the production problem of a Nigerian food manufacturing company. The goals of the work include minimization of the underachievement of the profit goal, minimization of the underachievement of production target of the breads (burger, sardine, banana, hot dog roll, coconut, mixed fruit) and minimization of the overachievement of the machine production time. The data was collected from the production and sales department of the case company. The data included the quantity of each raw material (flour, sugar, salt, milk, nutmeg, water, butter, yeast, preserver, improver) used in producing one unit of each bread type (burger, sardine, banana, hot dog roll, coconut, mixed fruit), profit per unit of bread, time used in producing 1 unit of bread, quantity target of 1 unit of bread. The goals of this work are 8 goals which include profit goal, machine time goal, production goal of burger bread, sardine bread, banana bread, hot dog roll bread, coconut bread, mixed fruit bread. From the results obtained using LINGO optimization software, 6 goals out of 8 target goals were achieved. The achieved goals include production goal of burger, sardine, banana, hot dog roll, coconut, mixed fruit bread while the goals not achieved includes machine time goal and profit goal.

Evaluation and Improvement of Business Processes in the Operational Division Using Business Process Improvement (BPI) (Case Study: PT. Mitrasukses Engineering Indonesia

PT. Mitrasukses Engineering Indonesia (MEI) is a manufacturing company specializing in custom machine production. The company has an operational division responsible for managing product orders until they are delivered. The main problem in the operational division of PT. MEI is the inconsistency between product designs and customer needs, leading to machine design redesigns and delays in order processing. Therefore, a more detailed analysis of potential errors is required, followed by recommendations for improvement through business process improvement. The methodology used to analyze potential errors is the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. Meanwhile, the methodology used to provide improvement recommendations is the Business Process Improvement (BPI) method with the streamlining tools. The improvement measures adopted include streamlining tools such as Standardization, Upgrading, Simplification, Automation, and Error Proofing. Simulations will be conducted after modeling the improved business process based on the improvement recommendations. The simulations compare the time between the current business process model (as-is) and the improved business process model (to-be) to determine the percentage increase in efficiency. Efficiency occurs due to changes in process activities in the current business process that has been improved. The simulation results indicate an efficiency improvement in the product ordering process by 16.58%, material procurement process by 35.37%, production process by 38.85%, and product delivery process by 22.42%.

Imperialist competitive algorithm for unrelated parallel machine scheduling with sequence-and-machine-dependent setups and compatibility and workload constraints

In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem (UPMSP) in the context of washing machine production at Vestel Electronics. Vestel Electronics is a leading producer of washing machines and holds a noteworthy market position in the European consumer electronics industry. The production process at Vestel Electronics is make-to-order (MTO) and requires 20 assembly lines to produce 200 different products. The decision maker must consider several important factors while forming the production schedule, including job-assembly line compatibility, the release times and due dates of the jobs, and a workload balance among the different assembly lines. This study aims to develop an algorithm to minimize the total earliness and tardiness while considering sequence-and-machine-dependent setups, unequal release times, machine-job compatibility restrictions, and workload balance requirements. To address this complex scheduling problem, we propose a novel algorithm, the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), which has a strong exploration–exploitation balance while mimicking real-world dynamics. Our numerical results show that the ICA significantly outperforms the current practice in Vestel by 39% and the best-performing algorithms in the literature by 23% and 12%.

Transforming Industry Through Hydraulic Solutions, Enhancing Productivity

This study investigates the workings of such systems in Indonesia, focusing on the flow and pressurization of oil from reservoirs through pumps to working cylinders. Hydraulic systems are crucial in transforming oil fluid pressure into mechanical work, particularly in injection molding machines. Findings indicate that the pump's ability to convert and transmit mechanical energy effectively is pivotal in enhancing machine efficiency. These insights highlight potential areas for improvement in system design and operation, suggesting that optimizing filtration and pressurization could significantly boost industrial productivity and sustainability. Highlights: Hydraulic systems in Indonesia studied for oil flow and pressurization. Pump efficiency crucial for enhancing machine productivity. Optimization of filtration and pressurization can boost industrial sustainability. Keywords: Hydraulic System, Injection Molding Machine, System Works

CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PARAMETERISATION OF A CHATTER DETECTION ALGORITHM

Process instabilites due to the regenerative effect limit the material removal rate of cutting machine tools. A method developed at the Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) at RWTH Aachen University reduces the experimental effort of determining stability limits for milling. The method bears on a time-domain chatter detection algorithm, which detects process instability based on predefined threshold values. Up to now, the definition of the threshold values has been derived from a selective number of sample tests. To investigate the transferability of the chatter detection algorithm to various boundary conditions cutting tests are carried out. In addition, a new stability criterion for high frequency chatter oscillations is introduced. The results are analysed with regard to factors that require an adjustment of the threshold values. Based on the results, a parameterisation of the chatter detection algorithm is presented.

The Effect of Different Orchard Ground Conditions on the Performance of A Mechanical Hazelnut Harvesting Machine

In this study, the values of harvesting efficiency, field productivity, kernel productivity, kernel losses, and foreign material separation efficiency of hazelnut harvesting machine with mechanical harvesting unit were determined under different orchard ground conditions (ground preparation before harvesting (OG1) and without ground preparation (OG2)). Also, it was observed how these conditions affect the operation of the hazelnut harvesting machine. For this purpose, the harvesting efficiency, field productivity, kernel productivity and kernel losses of the hazelnut harvesting machine in OG1 and OG2 plots at 265.50 kg ha-1 orchard yield, 1600 mm working width and 1.60 m s-1 working velocity in two different orchard grounds were 96.05%, 90.15%; 8.624 h ha-1, 9.839 h ha-1; 0.116 ha h-1, 0.102 ha h-1; 778.72 kg h-1, 739.76 kg h-1; 3.95%, 9.85%, respectively. The hazelnut harvesting machine with a mechanical harvesting unit can work independently from the ground conditions and we can say that it is an alternative to other hazelnut harvesting machines. The data obtained from the study will help the decision-making process for the best selection and use by providing the necessary technical information about the functional aspects of the machine. Complete mechanization of hazelnut harvesting will lead to a decrease in labor requirements, thus increasing product profitability through a decrease in production cost. The presence of machines with high-performance characteristics in hazelnut harvesting mechanization will shorten the time the product stays on the ground and increase the quality of the harvested product.

Design, construction and field testing of a manually feeding semiautomatic sugarcane dud chipper

Sugarcane is the main sugar crop, and sugar is an important agricultural product in Egypt. There are many problems with the technology used in the current planting method of sugarcane, which has a great impact on the planting quality of sugarcane, which have a series of problems, such as low cutting efficiency and poor quality. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to design, construct, and field testing of a semiautomatic sugarcane bud chipper assisted with pivot knives for cutting sugarcane buds and germinating them in plastic trays inside a greenhouse until they reached an average length of 35 cm, and then planting them in the field. In the field tests five cutting speeds (35, 40, 45, 50, and 56 rpm. (Revolution Per minute), three cutting knives (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mm) were used for cutting sugarcane stalks with four different diameters (1.32, 1.82, 2.43, and 2.68 cm). The obtained results showed that the values of the damage index and invisible losses were within acceptable limits (ranging between − 1.0 and 0.0) for all the variables under the test. Still, the lowest damage index and invisible losses were recorded with the buds that were cut with a knife of 1.5 mm thickness and cutting speeds less than 50 rpm. The skipping rate increases with the increase in cutting speed and stalk diameter, ranging between 0.0 to 13%. The maximum machine productivity was 110 Buds per minute at a cutting speed of 35 rpm and stalk diameter of 1.32 cm. The paper's findings have important application values for promoting the designing and development of sugarcane bud chipper and sugarcane planting technology in the future.

Performance Analysis of a Novel Axial Radial Flux Segmental Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor

Based on the characteristics of axial flux switched reluctance motor (SRM) and radial flux SRM, this paper proposes a new type of axial radial flux segmental rotor switched reluctance motor (ARFSRSRM). The motor has the left and right dual axial stator structures, which forms a kind of axial flux path with the segmental rotor in the middle, and a radial stator structure, which shares a kind of radial flux path with the segmental rotor on the outside of the motor. Compared with the conventional SRM, this motor combines the advantages of high output torque and torque density due to the inclusion of two kinds of flux paths, making it suitable for high-efficiency and high-torque fields such as electric vehicles. In this paper, the topology and operating principle of the new motor are first introduced. Then the initial structural parameters are derived, and the multi-objective optimization of the proposed motor is carried out using Taguchi’s algorithm. The static and dynamic performance of the motor is comprehensively analyzed using the 3-D finite element method. Finally, the experimental results obtained through the trial production of a prototype machine verify the good performance of the new motor.

Experience in implementing machine learning to calculate the quality and production of agglomerate

In 2020, EVRAZ United West Siberian Metallurgical Combine JSC (EVRAZ ZSMK JSC) completed work on the creation of a mathematical modeling system for all processing units of the metallurgical plant. During testing of the system, a high error was found in the existing factor model for predicting agglomerate production, which was developed taking into account the specific sintering rate of individual concentrates. The paper proposes the use of linear regression to predict the productivity of sintering machines, which, unlike nonlinear methods, is optimal for integration into high-performance optimization systems. A feature of the work is forecasting, taking into account the proportion of the agglomeration charge. The model was tested at EVRAZ ZSMK JSC and showed sufficient accuracy (R2 > 90). A large economic effect is expected from the model. A separate study of existing agglomerate quality forecasting systems was conducted. Machine learning (ML) methods have recently made a great contribution to the development of forecasting models used to assess the quality of the agglomerate. This is due to the fact that the sintering process is a very complex dynamic with non‒linearity and a large delay. The physico-chemical phenomena involved in this process are complex and numerous. The neural network can constantly adjust the parameters of the model to reflect changes in systemic causes. A linear method was also studied to predict the agglomerate quality. Due to the poor quality of the resulting linear model, the “random forest” machine learning method was applied. Currently, the model is being operated as part of the integrated optimization program SMM Prognoz for the entire plant. For the convenience of the user, when implementing the module, visualization of the model quality using historical data was added, as well as the statistical metrics obtained.

SYNTHESIS OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF SHOVEL MACHINES MANUFACTURED BY ADDITIVE METHODS

Rocket and space technology is developing rapidly, opening up new opportunities for space exploration and space infrastructure development. Due to constant technological progress and innovations in the field of rocketry, modern rockets have become more reliable, powerful and efficient than previous models. One of the key areas in the modern production of space technology is the use of additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing. This technology makes it possible to produce complex parts quickly, efficiently and with high precision using a variety of materials, including special metals and composite materials. The introduction of additive manufacturing solves several problems in the manufacture of parts for rocket and space technology. In the modern engineering design of vane machines used in turbine engines, compressors and other units, there is a growing interest in the use of advanced manufacturing technologies, including additive manufacturing. These manufacturing methods, in which components are created by layering material on top of digital 3D models, provide unique opportunities for creating complex geometries that were previously unattainable with traditional manufacturing methods. The purpose of the article is to investigate the synthesis of design solutions in the design of shovel machines, focusing on the use of additive manufacturing methods. First of all, it analyzes the advantages of these methods in the production of blade parts, such as reducing weight and material consumption, increasing the efficiency and strength of parts, as well as the possibility of creating individual and unique designs, taking into account the requirements of critical speed calculations. The geometry optimization is considered and the strength calculations of the structures before and after optimization are performed. The paper concludes with the prospects for the development of the use of additive technologies in the production of blade machines and indicates the possibilities for further research and improvement in this area.

PERSPECTIVES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS FOR APPLICATION OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN DENTISTRY IN THE LIGHT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

Additive manufacturing technologies (AMTs) offer a new approach for cost-effective production of goods and services and are therefore quite rightly included as part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0. Last years great attention is paid to the AMTs as technologies of the future development in many countries all over the world including the European Union. Depending on the availability of a good base of installed 3D printers and intellectual potential, the countries are divided into two groups: 1) leaders in the field of 3D printing technology and 2) countries with large bases of equipment, but lack of trained and qualified labor force. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the perspectives and development trends for application of additive technologies in modern dental medicine in the light of Industry 4.0. The constant development of AMTs will accelerate their implementation in various fields and in particular in medicine/dentistry. The 3D printing technologies are first applied in dentistry, due to the possibility for fabrication of individual dental constructions. Currently, almost all worldrenowned companies for production of dental materials and machines develop additive technologies and manufacture the corresponding equipment. According to the forecasts, the 3D printing is expected to be widely used in dental clinics and laboratories in the next 5-10 years. The additive technologies most often applied in dentistry include stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective electron beam melting, selective laser melting/sintering and ink-jet printing. The great variety of materials used in these processes allow constructions with different purposes to be made for all areas of dental medicine - surgery, oral implantology, conservative dentistry, orthodontics and prosthetic dentistry.

A Novel Approach for Determining Cutting Geometry for TBM Using Full-scale Laboratory Linear Rock Cutting and PFC3D-Based Numerical Simulations

Efficient rock excavation requires an optimal s-p ratio, where adjacent cuts interact to completely plane the rock surface. Traditionally, the specific energy (SE) methodology has been used to determine this ratio, but its U-shaped curve is sometimes incomplete or absent, making it difficult to find the optimal s-p ratio. In this research, an alternative methodology is proposed. This methodology relies on the morphology of the excavated rock surface, specifically, the amounts of overbreaks. To evaluate the proposed methodology, full-scale rock cutting experiments were conducted in the laboratory. Numerical simulations were also conducted in 3D particle flow code (PFC3D) and the results were validated by the full-scale laboratory rock cutting experimental data. The study also involved conducting sensitivity analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of downscaling and upscaling the PFC3D-based model to obtain results for full-scale applications. Following the excavation, laser profilometry was employed to characterize the excavated rock surfaces, and the resulting profiles were used to calculate the volume of overbreaks. Plots of these volumes against the s-p ratio were generated to identify the optimal s-p ratio. The findings indicated the presence of a noticeable optimal s-p ratio in both the PFC3D-based simulations and full-scale laboratory experiments, which was not evident when the specific energy methodology was employed. This proposed methodology exhibits considerable potential and can prove beneficial in determining cutting geometry that is optimal for site-specifc and TBM-specific, as well as in the design and production of tunnel boring machines.

Geometry Characterization of Products Results in the Finishing Process Using Centerless Belt Grinding Machine

The centerless belt grinding machine that was previously designed at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Universitas Trisakti can be used for finishing machining products. However, it is not yet known how the machine will perform on the geometric characteristics of the product as a result of the finishing process with a centerless belt grinding machine. The geometric characteristics here are the results of measurements in cylindricality, roundness, and surface roughness. This research aims to determine the machine's performance and whether there are significant differences in the centerless belt grinding finishing process. Control chart analysis is used to determine the consistency of engine performance, and a comparison of the feed speed is used to determine engine performance. Next, data processing was carried out using the paired sample t-test statistical test to determine whether there were significant differences between the turning and milling processes. The consistency test results indicated good performance achieved at a maximum speed of 25.47 mm/minute (angle 12°) for cylindrical, roundness, and surface roughness measurements. The statistical test results of the paired t-test between the turning and grinding processes showed significant differences, as indicated by the P-value (0.00) < ∝ (0.05) on cylindricality, roundness, and surface roughness.

Territorial concentration of the production of electrical machines in the branch policy of the Soviet government in the first half of the 1920s and Ukrainian electrical machine building industry: historiography and reality

In the Soviet territories of the former Russian Empire in the early 1920s, an attempt was made to carry out global concentration of production - the geographical concentration of production not of any range of a particular type of product, but of its entire volume. That is, the concentration of the type of industrial activity as such was assumed, the possibility of it in socialist society was justified by K. Marx. Due to objective and subjective factors, the only industry where such an attempt became possible was electrical machine-building, and during 1920�1923. the production of electric machines began to concentrate in Moscow and Petrograd, which undermined the potential of Ukrainian electric machine branch. Considering the political importance for the Soviet government of neutralizing this negative, the concentration of electrical machine-building activities in Soviet capitals from 1925 began to be presented as a result of the industrial policy of Tsarist Russia, what moved into historical works. However, the information available in the documents completely refutes this view, while simultaneously confirming the purposeful actions of the Soviet government to curtail the electrical machine industry in Ukraine.

Образы желающего производства в научном познании

The aim of this article is to explicate the epistemological aspects of Deleuze and Guattari’s conception of desire presented in Anti-Oedipus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia. I show that the schizoanalytic concept of desire as a “production of machines” is reflected in studies on a laboratory science. The epistemological meaning of the image of the “desiringmachine” is revealed, which is that to cognize means to experience the possibilities of the man-dimension to be involved in the various entanglements of the world – psychophysical, natural-technical, sociocultural. Through the use of historical and scientific material, I show that the concept of the nomadic subject is relevant to the description of a laboratory cognitive subject. I note that, on the one hand, the scientist is aware of himself as a researcher through territorialization, i.e. attribution of himself to tradition. On the other hand, the scientific cognition must also be treated as deterritorialization, i.e. the desire of consciousness to retreat themselves into a space in which it was possible to be outside of itself – outside of existing tradition. Thus, for the subject of cognition, it is immutable not only the requirement that “The ‘I think’ must be able to accompany all my representations” (Kant), but also the need to leave the sphere of the conscious as already thought out, held in the area of “the unconscious as passive syntheses of desire” (Deleuze and Guattari). I also demonstrate that in laboratory life the scientist is immersed in free syntheses of desire with non-linear, multivalued connections and inclusive disjunctions. However, in the narrations of historians and philosophers, as well as in scientific articles and reports, all this heterogeneous plurality and ambiguity is reduced. Scientific articles, reports, interviews are written, on the contrary, using linear, unambiguous connections and exclusive disjunctions, that is, in accordance with the Oedipal code. This circumstance points to a certain “Oedipalization of knowledge”, analogous to the “Oedipalization of desire” that Deleuze and Guattari identified in relation to Freudian psychoanalysis.

Features of the technology for producing combed yarn from medium-fiber cotton

The article examines the features of the technology of production of re-combed yarn from medium fiber cotton selection varieties. The experiments were carried out under production conditions on the Rieter E-66 combing machine. To determine the optimal technological parameters of the machine, a full factorial experiment was conducted to determine the unevenness of the 1-meter-long braid, the output of recombing tension, the staple length of the fibers in the strand, and regression equations were obtained. According to the results of the full-factor experiment, the improvement of the quality parameters of the recombing machine was achieved when the speed of the comb drum of the combing machine is 400 min-1, the distance between the lower jaw of the clamps and the comb segment is 0.2 mm, and the distance between the lower jaw of the clamps and the separating cylinder is 16.5 mm. According to the theoretical and experimental evaluations, using the optimal parameters of the high-speed combing machine, the cotton re-combed from the cotton fibers meeting all requirements was produced on the G-3 warped spinning machine of the Rieter company, with a drawing density of 14.8 tex (Ne 36). As a result of improving the physical and mechanical quality of spun yarn, the number of yarn breaks that damage 1000 yarns has decreased by 25%, and machine productivity has increased.

The influence of increasing the productivity of the carding machine on the quality indicators of the card sliver

The paper investigated the influence of the rotation frequency of the take-up, main and doffing drums of the C60 carding machine from RIETER on the quality indicators of the card sliver. The raw material used was medium-fiber cotton with a fiber length of 26.5-28 mm. The experimental study was carried out with changing speed modes: rotation frequency of the main drum from 451 to 520 rpm, of the take-up drum from 1018 to 1400 rpm, of the doffing drum from 62 up to 72 rpm.The quality indicators of the produced card sliver were determined using an USTERTESTER-5 laboratory equipment. It was established that an increase in the speed mode of the main working bodies within the studied limits on carding machines does not cause a deterioration in the combing quality.

Modeling the technological process of whelled harvester by applying Graph theory

The article presents typical schemes of the development of the harvest area and the technological operations performed by a middle-class feller-delimber-buncher (FDB) (Ponsse Ergo 8W) in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic under natural and production conditions of JSC Syktyvkar LPC. On the example of the most common in the logging practice plantation forest plantations modeled the technological process in terms of productivity of a typical multi-operational logging machine, the process of processing one tree by such a machine, taking into account the graph theory modeled and given graph of processing one tree, hourly productivity of FDB in such conditions, recommendations on the value of the planned indicator of hourly productivity of FDB in such conditions are given.

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫХ МЕТОДОВ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ

The article considers the technologies for the construction of mainly civil buildings in different periods of construction in St. Petersburg. The subject of the study is building systems and building construction technologies, which are considered in order to study the development of industrial construction methods in St. Petersburg and predict trends in technical progress in the field of industrial construction methods. The prerequisites for technological progress in the construction complex of St. Petersburg is the development of the industry of material and technical resources of construction, namely the production of new building materials, structures, construction equipment, fixtures and construction machines, as well as small-scale mechanization and tools. This inevitably becomes the reason for the appearance in construction of more advanced building systems erected by industrial methods. In the course of the study, building systems were evaluated by the methods of an expert survey of specialists according to a previously developed questionnaire, in which there were mutually incomparable criteria reflecting the architectural, strength and economic characteristics of building systems of industrial production. The results of an expert assessment of building systems became the basis for determining the rational scope of prefabricated and precast-monolithic construction and identifying trends and promising directions for the development of industrial construction methods and scientific research in this area.

Increasing the efficiency of design in CAD CAE systems based on the application of parametrization methods

Modern global trends in green energy indicate a constant increase in the share of energy obtained by burning woody biomass. The volumes of timber harvesting and processing are growing steadily. The Russian Federation is no exception, where logging and wood processing play an important role in economic, social, and environmental terms. Technological operations related to wood processing are predominantly mechanized. Most often, the machinery and equipment used in enterprises are imported. The use of imported products entails a number of consequences related to the dynamics of geopolitical development. It is necessary to minimize the dependence of enterprises on foreign equipment. There is a need to develop and modernize domestic logging machinery and equipment. To ensure the production of high-quality and competitive machines, it is necessary to resort to a set of activities related to design. Ensuring the necessary performance characteristics when developing a project requires financial and time costs, since it is necessary to resort to full-scale prototyping. Minimizing financial costs during design is the most important task of specialists, since the saved resources will allow the enterprise to open up new paths for development.