Machine Design Research Articles

Dynamic Cutting Properties of Miscanthus (giganteus) Stems Using an Impact Tester

Miscanthus (giganteus) is a relatively new energy crop. Its mechanical properties are important for the design and modification of harvesting and processing machines or equipment. The cutting strength is critical to improve the field performance of mowing and other cutting mechanisms. The effects of the cutting blade type, sample supporting method, and sample locations (upper or lower) where it was taken from a single plant stem on the cutting force and energy were studied. A serrated cutting blade and a flat blade were selected to cut Miscanthus samples at the node and internode using a high-speed impact tester. The cutting force, sample diameter, and cutting speed were recorded. The specific cutting force and energy were then calculated based on the cross-sectional area of the stem sample. The average diameter of the Miscanthus samples used for this study was 9.5 mm. The blade cutting speeds for all treatments were ranged from 8.2 ms−1 to 11.3 ms−1. Overall, the maximum specific cutting force and energy of the flat blade were found at the upper portion of a plant stem, which was 441 N cm−2 and 8.3 J cm−2 at the node when one side of the stem sample was fixed, and 469 N cm−2 and 12.1 J cm−2 at the internode if both sides of the sample were fixed. The cutting strengths at the node and internode were significantly different no matter at the upper portion or lower portion of the plant. When using the serrated blade, the maximum specific cutting force was also found at the upper node section with a value of 511 N cm−2 and 437 N cm−2 for one-side fixed and two-side fixed, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding maximum specific cutting energies for these two cases were 10.5 J cm−2 and 10.3 J cm−2, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the blade types and stem sample locations significantly affected the specific cutting force and energy with a 95% confidence level. The sample support methods did not make significant differences when comparing the specific cutting force and energy; but the actual cutting force and energy were significantly different.

INOVASI MESIN PENCETAK LIDAH ROKOK GUNA MENINGKATKAN OUTPUT PRODUKSI DI CV. LANGGENG JAYA

Cigarette packs are rectangular packages made mostly of cardboard containing cigarettes. Packaging is designed from aluminum foil, paper or flavor-protecting plastic and sealed with clear, airtight plastic film. Production process at CV. Langgeng Jaya has 2 types and they are still very inefficient. So, looking at this problem, a proposal is given to innovate a cigarette tongue printing machine to make the cigarette tongue printing machine more efficient and speed up the production process. Innovation: The cigarette tongue molding machine is designed using dimensions from anthropometric calculations and the 50th percentile of workers, so that the height of the material support is 103.75 cm, determines the material entry route of 69.5 cm, and determines the height of the panel box of 93.5 cm. Machine trials must be carried out to determine the difference in output after designing the machine innovation and before the design is carried out. The resulting output must be compared before the innovative design of the cigarette tongue machine is carried out and after the design is carried out. The output produced before the design was carried out was 192, after the innovative design of the cigarette tongue printing machine was carried out, it was 320 kg a day. The increase in productivity after designing the innovative cigarette tongue printing machine was 66%, which means it was successful.

ANALISIS HASIL CETAKAN MATERIAL POLYPROPYLEN BENTUK BOTOL MENGGUNAKAN METODE INJECTION BLOW MOLDING

The process of forming materials is often carried out in the manufacturing industry, especially in the process of forming plastic materials. One method is the injection blow molding, which is done by blowing air into a mold that has been previously designed. The need for a level of precision and accuracy in designing a mold using the injection molding process is one of the important things in the injection blow molding process. One of the designs that must be considered when printing a bottle-shaped product is that it must be precise, in accordance with the expected product design, by considering machine and mold design, material selection, molding materials, and manufacturing processes. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of temperature and pressure on thickness and shrinkage in molds with 30 ml bottle shape. From the results of tests that have been carried out, the effect of a pressure of 4 bar and a temperature of 160 °C produces an average thickness of the mold of 1.03 mm, while at a pressure of 4 bar and temperature of 180 °C the average thickness is 1 mm. The standard used for bottle products is less than 1 mm so that the pressure 4 bar from the experimental results meets the standards for injection blow molding process mold results and for shrinkage occurs at 0.681 %.

Tokamak divertor plasma emulation with machine learning

Future tokamak devices that aim to create conditions relevant to power plant operations must consider strategies for mitigating damage to plasma facing components in the divertor. One of the goals of MAST-U tokamak operations is to inform these considerations by researching advanced divertor configurations that aid stable plasma detachment. Machine design, scenario planning and detachment control would all greatly benefit from tools that enable rapid calculation of scenario-relevant quantities given some input parameters. This paper presents a method for generating large, simulated scrape-off layer data sets, which was applied to generate a data set of steady-state Hermes-3 simulations of the MAST-U tokamak. A machine learning model was constructed using a Bayesian approach to hyperparameter optimisation to predict diagnosable output quantities given control-relevant input features. The resulting best-performing model, which is based on a feedforward neural network, achieves high accuracy when predicting electron temperature at the divertor target and carbon impurity radiation front position and runs in around 1 ms in inference mode. Techniques for interpreting the predictions made by the model were applied, and a high-resolution parameter scan of upstream conditions was performed to demonstrate the utility of rapidly generating accurate predictions using the emulator. This work represents a step forward in the design of machine learning-driven emulators of tokamak exhaust simulation codes in operational modes relevant to divertor detachment control and plasma scenario design.

Machine Design and Development of CoreXY FDM 3D Printer for Learning

This research aims to design and develop CoreXY FDM 3D Printer that can be optimized for learning purposes. By detailing aspects of design, hardware, and software, this research is expected to make a significant contribution in improving the quality of learning. Research using the Research and Development method, carried out based on the Machine Learning System Development model with stages in the form of Problem Understanding, Data Handling, Model Building, and Model Monitoring. The results showed that the lowest average depreciation value in the 3D printer developed was smaller than the 3D Printer machine from the previous study. The best print quality was produced in experiment number 3 where the print results were almost flat and smooth. So that the best print parameters are produced at a layer thickness of 0.1 mm and a print speed of 60 mm / minute. Blackbox Test results show that all components of the 3D printer machine have been able to function properly. The results of the user trial questionnaire showed that the average value of all aspects received a value of 3.55 from a range of values 1-4, indicating that this machine is very good to be used as a medium in the learning process. Comparison of FDM CoreXY 3D Print printing process time after development shows shorter print time than FDM CoreXY 3D Printer machine before development.

ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF MODERN HERMETIC TECHNIQUES OF POLYMER MATERIALS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINES

The application of modern hermetic techniques in polymer materials for hydraulic machines is a significant advance in engineering design and manufacturing. This analysis examines the implications and benefits of using these techniques in hydraulic systems. By using polymeric materials and hermetic sealing solutions with special properties, hydraulic machines can achieve better efficiency, durability and durability. The selection of suitable polymer materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the use of advanced manufacturing processes such as injection molding enable the production of precision seals and components with increased wear and corrosion resistance. In addition, the lightweight structure of polymer materials helps reduce weight and cost while maintaining performance standards. Customization options provided by hermetic methods enable optimization of material usage and creation of custom solutions for various hydraulic applications. In addition, the environmental impact is reduced by using recyclable and biodegradable polymers. However, issues such as material compatibility and long-term performance under extreme conditions require extensive testing and verification. Overall, the application of modern hermetic techniques to polymeric materials provides a promising way to improve hydraulic machine performance, reduce costs, and promote environmental sustainability in engineering applications. The integration of modern hermetic technology into polymer materials has revolutionized the design and functionality of hydraulic machines. Keywords: hermetic techniques, hydration system, polymer materials, hydraulic machine, durability.

Revolutionizing Foam Cutting Efficiency in Indonesia with AutoCAD

Foam set machines are essential for cutting foam sheets in various industries, including furniture, textiles, and foam manufacturing. PT. Amangriya, using a custom foam set machine for two years, identified the need for efficiency improvements. This research aimed to enhance the foam set machine's design using AutoCAD software. Key improvements included an automatic top clamp, a flexible side clamp, and reduced machine dimensions. These modifications resulted in a more efficient and compact machine, facilitating easier manufacturing and assembly processes. The study highlights the potential for significant efficiency gains in the foam manufacturing industry through design enhancements. Highlight: Enhanced machine design with AutoCAD software improves efficiency and functionality. Key modifications include automatic top clamp and flexible side clamp. Reduced machine dimensions facilitate easier manufacturing and assembly. Keywoard: Foam set machine, design enhancement, efficiency, AutoCAD, manufacturing

Studying Cation Exchange in {Cr7Co} Pseudorotaxanes: Preparatory Studies for Making Hybrid Molecular Machines.

In the design of dynamic supramolecular systems used in molecular machines, it is important to understand the binding preferences between the macrocycle and stations along the thread. Here, we apply 1H NMR spectroscopy to investigate the relative stabilities of a series of linear alkylammonium templated pseudorotaxanes with the general formula [H2NRR'][Cr7CoF8(O2CCH2 tBu)16] by exchanging the cation in solution. Our results show that the pseudorotaxanes are able to exchange threads via a dissociative mechanism. The position of equilibrium is dependent upon the ammonium cation and solvent used. Short chain primary ammonium cations are shown to be far less favourable macrocycle stations than secondary ammonium cations. Collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (CID-MS) has been used to look at disassembly of the pseudorotaxanes in a solvent-free environment and stability trends compared to those in acetone-d6. The energy needed to induce 50 % of the precursor ion loss (E50) is used and shows a similar trend to the equilibria measured by NMR. The relative stabilities of these hybrid inorganic-organic pseudo-rotaxanes are different to those of host-guest compounds involving crown ethers and this may be valuable for the design of molecular machines.

Design and Development of Multipurpose Mechanical Machine

This project introduces the concept of a multi-purpose machine that can perform multiple operations at the same time with the same speed. This machine is mainly used in manufacturing industries and is designed to be economically and efficiently used. It is an automatic machine that is powered by a motor and runs with current. It uses the same shaft as a motor and is powered by pulleys. This machine is designed to be portable and can be used to cut in different places and on different materials. It is also suitable for remote locations and workshops. This machine requires very little human effort and is cost-effective. Keyword: Multipurpose, Mechanical, Machine, Design, Development

Design and experimental verification of hybrid excitation magnetic field modulation machine for electric vehicle propulsion

As one sort of flux modulation machine based on magnetic gear effect, field-modulated machine features with low speed large torque. A novel hybrid excitation field-modulated machine (HEFMM) is proposed by introducing the concept of hybrid excitation, the flux modulation poles (FMPs) and excitation winding of which are emplaced in stator teeth and the adjacent FMPs. It can be maintained wide speed range operation through the processes of flux-enhancing and flux-weakening with no increasing machine bulk, as well as the numbers of stator and rotor slot. The working principle of proposed machine is deeply studied, as well as basic electromagnetic characteristics are calculated by finite element method, including no-load magnetic flux linkage, no-load back electromotive force, cogging torque and output torque. In addition, the processes of flux-enhancing and flux-weakening are analyzed. Finally, one prototype with one kilowatt was built and its static characteristics were tested. The results show that the proposed HEFMM has the features of high torque density, small cogging torque and wide speed range, which is promising candidate for electric vehicle direct drive field.

Integration of physics learning content in the context of automatic machine design of fish feed throwers based on solar cells arduino IOT system

The utilization of aquaculture, especially in freshwater fish farming potential, is still not optimal. In general, fish feeding is still done manually and depends on human resources which is done simply. So an automatic fish feed thrower based on solar cells was designed to minimize the risk of delays in feeding fish. This innovation can be integrated in learning where it is adapted to physics content. This research uses a mix of methods with data collection techniques in the form of observations related to the surrounding environment and the learning process, documentation in the form of learning tools such as syllabus, lesson plans, curriculum, documentation, questionnaires, testing feed machine tools and literature studies. This research instrument is in the form of descriptive observation sheets, observation analysis sheets testing feed machine tools. Analytical techniques in this study use descriptive, qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. The results of this research are in the form of content integration in physics learning in the context of designing a solar cell-based automatic fish feed throwing machine consisting of 6 physics contents that are adapted to the context of solar cell-based automatic fish feed throwing machines. The results of this study show that the application of the use of an automatic machine for throwing fish feed based on solar cells can be used as a source of learning, especially in physics subjects.

Development of a Dual Stripping and Screening Machine for Separating Oil Palm Fruit Bunch

The purpose of this study was to design, fabricate, and evaluate a dual stripping and screening machine for oil palm fruits in Nigeria, with the aim of improving efficiency, reducing damage to the fruits, and minimizing injuries to processors. The study involved the design and fabrication of a machine that could easily handle palm fruit bunches (PFB), separate the fruits from the chaff, and minimize damage to the fruits. The evaluation was conducted using a 3×3×3 factorial experiment, with three levels of PFB sizes, three levels of operating speed, and three replications. The evaluation results showed that the optimal operating speed for the machine was 1000 rpm. At this speed, the machine achieved a stripping efficiency of 98.6% for small PFB sizes, 89.93% for medium PFB sizes, and 85.68% for large PFB sizes. The screening efficiency was 98.62%, 96.23%, and 95.68% for small, medium, and large PFB sizes, respectively. The percentage of damage to the fruits was 2.25%, 2.11%, and 2.55% for small, medium, and large PFB sizes, respectively. The output capacity of the machine was 131.25 kg, 139.30 kg, and 165.36 kg for small, medium, and large PFB sizes, respectively. This study presents a novel dual stripping and screening machine for oil palm fruits, addressing the time-consuming and labor-intensive manual post-harvest operations associated with the local method. The machine's design and evaluation provide valuable insights for improving efficiency and reducing damage in oil palm industries in Nigeria.

AFM-BASED MACHINE DESIGN FOR FINISHING INJECTION MOLDING TOOLS

This research delves into challenges within injection molding, particularly the struggle to maintain uniform cooling in complex product shapes. Additive manufacturing, like conformal cooling, is explored as a potential solution but faces surface quality issues. The study investigates Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) as a means to refine surfaces within cooling channels, crucial for injection molds. The research presents the design and assembly of an AFM-based machine and its potential in addressing the requirements for machining internal surfaces created through additive technologies, highlighting its universality and potential applications in future research on conformal cooling within injection molding technology.

An Analytical Friction Model for Handling and Spreading of Carbon Fiber Tows for Composite Prepregging Applications

Abstract A novel co-extrusion system for continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites in filament and narrow-tape format was designed, fabricated, and tested. The new modified pultrusion process, called In Situ Impregnation, impregnates continuous dry fiber reinforcement tows in situ with thermoplastic matrix for applications ranging from 3D printing using robotic manipulation to automated fiber placement. The technical goal of the system is to directly co-extrude and impregnate a reinforcement fiber tow (carbon) with thermoplastic matrix injected by an extruder fed with thermoplastic pellets. This approach uses inexpensive materials instead of “prepreg” tow in order to streamline the additive manufacturing process, cut costs for advanced composites manufacturing, and deliver fully customizable fiber orientation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss analytical modeling of friction and fiber tensioning in the system which allows for the full impregnation of the fibers. Experiments were conducted on a working pultrusion system where load was adjusted through the tensioning system to better understand the amount of friction throughout the system, the magnitude of tension in the fiber tow, and to validate the models. The resulting friction model can be used by machine designers to estimate the tension in tows, ropes, fibers, etc. in similar tensioning devices, and estimate automated system specifications such as motor requirements. A brief description of the new manufacturing process is also provided. Future work includes commercialization of the technology, automation of the manufacturing system, and further modeling work to predict fiber spreading behavior based on geometric factors.

Summary of the 4th IAHR Asian working group symposium on hydraulic machinery and systems

Abstract 1. Background The international Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), founded in 1935, one of the IAHR Committee is the Hydraulic Machinery and Systems, which deals with the advancement of technology associated with the understanding of steady and unsteady flow characteristics in hydraulic machinery and conduit systems connected to, and the main emphasis is to promote interaction between the machine designers, machine users, the academic communities, and the communities at large. To meet its objectives, the Committee focuses on the best possible exchange of technical knowledge by arranging a Committee Symposium every second year. The symposiums are designed to attract scientists and engineers from industries, universities, consultants and users of hydraulic machinery. In addition, the Committee established “Asian Working Group” specially to promote the exchange and cooperation of hydraulic machinery industry in Asian countries. In recent years, water conservancy and hydropower in Asia have been developing dramatically. Hydraulic machinery like pump, pump turbines etc., are widely used in project construction. There are plentiful scientific and technical payoffs achieved within the related researches. The "Asian Working Group" has held three symposiums on hydraulic machinery and systems, which are: IAHR 2017 Asia Beijing, IAHR 2019 Asia Busan, IAHR 2021 Asia Nepal. And all conference proceedings have been published in IOP. After the 4th IAHR Asian Working Group Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (hereinafter referred to as IAHR 2023 Asia Kashgar) following its convention, the conference proceedings will be published in IOP. List of Scope, Record, Appendices A: Organization, Appendices B: Committee members, Appendices C: Excellent papers are available in this pdf.

Design and Analysis of Axial-Flux Modular Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Machines With Segmented Stators for Traction Applications

Design and Analysis of Axial-Flux Modular Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Machines With Segmented Stators for Traction Applications

Design and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Machines With Multiple Arc Pole Ratios in Stator Teeth

Design and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Machines With Multiple Arc Pole Ratios in Stator Teeth

Structural design and finite element analysis of a milling machine sliding saddle

Abstract With the rapid development of modern manufacturing, the requirements for milling machine products are becoming higher and higher, leading to higher requirements for the working accuracy of milling machines. It is necessary to use the finite element method for static analysis of key components. This article uses 3D software to establish a geometric model of the milling machine saddle and establishes a finite element model. Finite element analysis is performed on the stiffness and strength of the sliding saddle in the middle of the crossbeam and the spindle sleeve at the lowest end of the sliding saddle under the load condition. Through analysis, it is known that the milling machine slide saddle is located in the middle of the crossbeam, and the spindle sleeve is located at the lowest end of the sliding saddle, which is the worst working condition. According to the strength theory, it is verified that its strength meets the requirements. This static analysis can provide reliable data for the design optimization of the milling machine saddle.

State-of-Art Review of Renewable Energy-Based Systems for Electrical Machine Applications: Prospects and Challenges

Abstract Renewable energy sources (RES) are a game-changer since they produce no greenhouse gases (GHG). There is an increasing amount of interest in it across the world. The intermittent nature of RES makes it difficult to incorporate them into the existing power grid infrastructure and for use in electrical machines for industrial and domestic applications. As the number of RES grows along with different machine variants, innovative methods of interconnecting them are being explored. This study gives a thorough analysis of net zero RES (wind, solar and hydro) for electric machine applications considering their efficiency, feasibility, and reliability coupled with the trend of connection topologies. The Paradigm shift in material technology for RES application is also examined from the 1950s till the present paving the way for innovative design of novel electrical machines with optimal output performances and cost minimization. Modelling and optimization approaches were captured with the benefits and drawbacks highlighted. For electric machines to function at peak efficiency over time, energy harvesting from these sources becomes significant and must be controlled and maintained risk-free. In addition, the challenges, and prospects, associated with the operation of an Electric Machine technology in a clean environment have all been highlighted.

Analysis of Machine Learning Methods for Intrusion Detection Systems in Wireless Networks

Wireless networks have become integral to modern communication systems, making them vulnerable to various security threats. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are essential for detecting and mitigating these threats and can also powerfully screen network traffic for pernicious activities that are planned to abuse the classification, honesty, realness, and accessibility of the network. Machine learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) techniques are effective in identifying and classifying network attacks. This study proposes a novel intrusion detection system that employs ML and DL models to classify and distinguish network attacks in wireless networks. The proposed system enhanced detection accuracy and efficiency in IDS, the scalability of IDS systems, and estimated the performance of IDS in wireless networks. It also investigates IDS techniques using machine learning, designs and implements IDS in wireless networks using machine learning, and trains several IDS models regarding wireless networks that are fitted. It contrasts the exhibition of proposed models and existing procedures. The suggested system can therefore be utilized as an effective IDS for wireless networks, providing real-time detection and classification of network attacks.