Machine-building Enterprises Research Articles

FINANCIAL PROVISION OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES FOR STRENGTHENING COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF A NEW REALITY

The purpose of this article is to develop a methodological approach to evaluating all possible options for the financial provision of the marketing activities of modern machine-building enterprises under conditions of full-scale war. Thus, the new conditions of reality are characteristic specifically of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises, which become the key object of the study. As a result, within this article, the optimal forms of financial provision, both external and internal, were chosen based on evaluation results, which will allow not only to "survive" in the current conditions for Ukrainian machine-building enterprises but also to strengthen their competitiveness in the face of new challenges and threats. The identification of the most optimal forms of financial provision and the conduct of evaluations were made possible through the implementation of expert analysis, using the Delphi method. The central place in the methodology of the article is occupied by the method of hierarchical multicriteria evaluation. Its thorough substantiation has better reflected the main results of the research. The developed methodological approach is distinguished by its convenience and practical value in the conditions of the new reality, that is wartime. Another feature is the consideration of not only internal resources but also external ones. Ultimately, the proper and secure application of the defined forms of internal and external financial provision of marketing activities to change their own competitiveness was also substantiated. This, in turn, allowed forming the correct trajectory for how to evaluate one’s own financial provision options for marketing activities and how to apply them to enhance one’s competitiveness. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in substantiating recommendations for establishing the optimal form of financial provision of marketing activities for machine-building enterprises.

Assessment of the risk to the health of the population living in the zone influenced by atmospheric emissions from the engineering industry

Introduction. During operation, machine-building enterprises emit pollutants that can negatively affect the health of the population. The study aims to determine the impact of emissions from a machine–building plant, as well as background atmospheric pollution, on the health risk of the population of Novokuznetsk. Materials and methods. The work used data from the volume of maximum permissible emissions of a machine-building plant. The researchers calculated the maximum and average concentrations of pollutants using the "ECOcenter – Standard" program at 36 exposure points selected on the city map. Experts determined the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere in accordance with SanPiN 1.2.3685-21. The authors calculated the risks to public health in accordance with the Guidelines R 2.1.10.1920-04. The classification of risk levels was carried out on the basis of MP 2.1.10.0156-19. 2.1.10. Scientists also made a risk assessment considering background atmospheric pollution. Results. Specialists carried out a risk assessment from exposure to nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon (soot), inorganic dust, hexavalent chromium. The maximum and average concentrations of pollutants, as well as the maximum concentrations calculated taking into account background pollution, did not exceed the maximum permissible level. The average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and hexavalent chromium, taking into account the background, exceeded the hygienic standard. The values of the hazard indices for acute and chronic exposures without taking into account the background, as well as for acute exposures taking into account the background, corresponded to the minimum (target) risk level. The values of the hazard indices for chronic inhalation effects, considering the background, corresponded to the alarming risk level at five points, amounting to 3.084–3.800. With chronic exposure, taking into account the background, an alarming level of risk was revealed for the effect on the respiratory organs (at four points the hazard index was 3.117 to 3.616) and blood (at three points the hazard index was in the range from 3.090 to 3.433). The total individual carcinogenic risk, excluding background, did not exceed the permissible level, ranging from 1.08×10–8 to 2.43×10–7 at different points, taking into account the background, amounted to 1.79×10–4–2.26×10–4, which corresponds to an alarming level. Hexavalent chromium makes the main contribution to the formation of carcinogenic risk. Limitations. Calculated concentrations of pollutants were used to assess the risks. Conclusion. The risks from exposure to atmospheric emissions from the machine-building plant correspond to the minimum (target) level. Background concentrations of toxic substances in chronic inhalation exposures determine an alarming level of non-carcinogenic risk at five points, as well as an alarming level of carcinogenic risk at all points of exposure. Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

Additive Optimization Method for Choosing CNC Machines for Technological Preparation of Machine-Building Production

The introduction of Industry 4.0 into the technological preparation of production leads to the optimization of processes, including the processes of selecting equipment and tools, reducing cycle time, and reducing costs. Technological preparation of production involves a set of works that make it possible to start manufacturing a new product in a given volume. Features of technological preparation of production when using CNC machines follow from the fact that a significant part of the work from the sphere of direct production is transferred to the area of its technological preparation. Technological preparation of production plays an important role in the successful functioning of a machine-building enterprise. Optimization of equipment selection allows you to increase productivity, reduce costs and improve product quality. The use of modern optimization methods and information technology allows you to make this process more efficient and accurate. The article provides a methodology for calculating the additive criterion for optimizing the selection of the best option for CNC machines.

Order Management in the Era of Customization

The economic growth and development of the country largely depends on success in the main industries, where mechanical engineering plays a key role. The economies of different countries rely on industrial enterprises that satisfy people’s needs through the production of goods and services. To ensure competitiveness in a dynamically changing market, continuous improvement and development of enterprises is required. In the current conditions, mechanical engineering enterprises increasingly need to adapt to each individual customer, which in turn forces them to rebuild enterprises to the parameters typical for single or small-scale production. The production process is the joint work of tools, equipment and personnel through which products are produced. The complexity of the process of releasing new products is due to the involvement of a large number of departments involved in this process. Order execution is based primarily on the management of production systems. One of the most important processes in enterprise management is the order management process.The purpose of this study is to determine the methods of optimizing the order management process and reducing the influence of the internal cooperation factor on the increase of the period of its implementation at machine-building enterprises. As a methodological basis such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison and contrast were used. As the information base, the article analyzes the works of modern authors who consider the issues of order management and such an element of the organizational structure as internal cooperation between departments, their influence on the internal processes of the enterprise and the timing of order execution. The features of the planning process for a single type of production are considered. In the course of the work, the main reasons for the shift in previously determined order completion dates, the most important indicators for order fulfillment, the peculiarities of the planning process at the unit type of production were considered, as well as the most frequently encountered problems during project implementation were identified. In connection with the trend towards changes and development of enterprises, in terms of changes in order management processes for customized products, an increase in the number of created enterprises and an increase in the share of customized products, a conclusion was made about the relevance of studying the order management process in a single type of production at machine-building enterprises. Conclusions are drawn about the need for further study of the issues under consideration. The materials can be used in companies in the real sector of the economy, in administrative structures and in the educational process.

THE IMPACT OF MARTIAL LAW ON MANAGEMENT DECISIONS REGARDING ENSURING THE FINANCIAL SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES

The aim of this article is to present an approach to assessing the most significant negative factors that have arisen as a result of the introduction of martial law on the decision-making system and the implementation of managerial decisions in the context of ensuring the financial security of a modern enterprise. For this purpose, the object of research is the financial security of machine-building enterprises. A review of the literature has shown that a significant number of scientific papers today aim to present ways to increase the level of financial security, but not all of them understand that the most significant need of the subjects of financial support of machine-building enterprises is the assessment and consideration of negative factors in decision-making. Thus, the scientific task was to present a theoretical and methodological approach to assessing the negative factors of martial law on the management of financial security of a modern Ukrainian enterprise in the field of mechanical engineering. The problem was solved using the methods of system and hierarchical analysis, graph theory and on the basis of expert assessments. As a result, we presented step-by-step instructions on how to assess the negative factors and identified the most significant of them, the consideration of which is critically important in the process of managing the financial security of a modern Ukrainian machine-building enterprise. Prospects for further research will be based on expanding this list and narrowing the focus on the internal processes of machine-building enterprises.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ON EQUITY AND CASH FLOWS AS THE BASIS FOR DECISION-MAKING TO INCREASE ENTERPRISE MARKET CAPITALIZATION

The market capitalization of an enterprise is one of the key indicators that characterize the degree of influence of financial and non-financial instruments on its volumes and dynamics. Establishing the relationship between such instruments and metrics of equity and cash flows best outlines the plane of their direct impact on stimulating market capitalization and implementing effective management measures in the context of optimizing the use of equity and cash flows. The purpose of the study is to establish how the impact of indicators of financial and non-financial instruments on equity and cash flows forms an appropriate basis for making managerial decisions to increase the market capitalization of enterprises. As a result of the study, the toolkit for increasing the market capitalization of the enterprise from the standpoint of its grouping in terms of financial and non-financial plane was clarified. It was found that among the 36 analyzed indicators of the impact on equity and cash flows of the studied machine-building enterprises in Ukraine during the period 2010-2021, the most significant are bank lending, investment and technical metals, research and development costs, foreign scientific and technical services received, production investments, work-in-progress, and accounts payable for products, goods, and services. The results were transformed into a model of ranked instruments for stimulating the market capitalization of machine-building enterprises, which demonstrates the degree and directions of the influence of indicators of financial and non-financial instruments on the dynamics of equity and cash flows, which ensures the formation of an information database for making decisions on the further use of such instruments. The structuring of the toolkit serves as the basis for forming a system of management decisions containing practical recommendations within each group of instruments aimed at optimizing market capitalization through increased equity and cash flows of the enterprise. The obtained results will be beneficial to financial analysts of enterprises in preparing databases for making financial and non-financial decisions.

Optimizing the uncertainty of measurements on a coordinate measuring machine when controlling complex geometric surfaces

The object of this study is the process of optimizing measurement uncertainty on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) when inspecting complex geometric surfaces. The problem addressed was insufficient accuracy and efficiency of measurements of complex parts on CMMs under production conditions. A method for optimizing measurement uncertainty has been devised, which includes a mathematical model of the measurement process and an adaptive algorithm for optimizing the control strategy, based on the Monte Carlo method. The model takes into account the geometry of surfaces and CMM characteristics, while the algorithm dynamically adjusts measurement parameters. The results demonstrate a reduction in measurement uncertainty by 15–20 % and a reduction in inspection time by 10–12 % compared to conventional methods. This is achieved by taking into account the specificity of complex surface geometry and an adaptive approach. The uniqueness of the developed method is the ability to automatically adapt to different types of CMMs and measured objects, optimizing the number and location of measurement points, the speed of probe movement, and its contact force with the surface. The method takes into account not only the geometric parameters of objects but also the characteristics of the CMM itself, which allows for high accuracy. The method is particularly effective for parts with complex geometry, in which conventional methods often lead to significant errors. Practical application is possible at machine-building enterprises for quality control of complex parts, especially in serial production. The implementation of the developed method allows for improving product quality and reducing production costs by 8–10 % due to optimization of the control process and reduction of defects

Multi-component wastewater from finely dispersed impurities treatment intensification

The article deals with the intensification of flocculation wastewater treatment from finely dispersed suspended dust particles that are formed in the foundry shop at machine-building productions. The dependence of the floc sedimentation rate and wastewater clarification on solid phase concentration and flocculant flow rate was experimentally researched using model wastewater created by mixing dust and water. The multicomponent impurities of ionic flocculants on the aggregation process impact were experimentally proven, and anionic and cationic flocculants combination high efficiency was shown. The optimal parameters for the wastewater treatment process were established. The best flocculating effect and minimum flocculant consumption were observed at a solid phase concentration of 8-14 g/l. It was established that the most effective aggregate formation process is observed when two flocculants’ types are used simultaneously: anionic A-19 and cationic K-7, not each type separately. Flocculant flow rate experimental and calculated dependences for the wastewater treatment process depending on solid phase concentration and floc sedimentation speed necessary for effective sedimentation have been established. A technological scheme for wastewater treatment from suspended dust impurities that are formed in foundry shop at machine-building enterprise has been developed. The scheme includes: wastewater flocculation; water clarification in a sedimentation tank; and water deironing by aeration with coagulant addition and further filtration. It is proposed to use purified water in enterprise technological cycle that helps to reduce tap water consumption.

Создание и развитие высоконадежных информационно-управляющих систем с элементами искусственного интеллекта для перспективных технологических комплексов

Methods and means of improving complex technological equipment are shown through the operational assessment of the quality of implemented technologies realtime. This is proved by the fact that implementing technological operations on universal equipment each time requires modeling dynamic processes and taking into account a large number of uncertainty factors that affect the geometry generation quality. It is not possible to be a priori aware of these factors. There is a need to create new information technologies with the possibilities of universal application for immediate understanding of various dynamic processes in diagnostic, identification and control systems. Standard computer systems for statistical analysis and optimization of dynamic processes with the possibilities of universal application for various implementations of modern technologies have been introduced. The possibility of using integrative criteria and methods of artificial intelligence for diagnostic systems, identification and control of advanced technological complexes is shown. The implementation of information systems for the management of complex objects of various technological purposes is presented. The proposed modeling methods and approaches have been tested at various machine-building enterprises when processing parts on turning, milling and grinding machines, both universal and CNC. The research results made it possible to implement new principles of automated control and optimal adjustment of technological processes in real time and create an automated system for evaluating their quality, which allows increasing the efficiency and reliability of management decisions by conducting optimization directly on operating equipment. Based on the methods and approaches described above, new results have been obtained in the implementation of plasma technologies for the modification of geometrically complex surfaces of mechanical engineering products aimed at increasing wear resistance, hardness and other technical characteristics of the working surfaces of precision engineering products. A fairly complete approbation of methods, approaches, procedures and decision-making criteria for various technologies allows them to be recommended for universal applicability.

ORGANIZATION OF DELIVERY OF THE COMPANY'S PRODUCTS BY OWN VEHICLES

Purpose. The purpose of the work is the formation and analysis of options for the organization of the delivery of the machine-building enterprise's products by its own vehicles. Methodology. The main stages of choosing a rational technology for the organization of product transportation by own transport based on the developed schedules have been formed. The research was performed on the basis of the analysis of graphs of the dependence of motor vehicle operation indicators on the technology of organizing the transportation of the company's products. Findings. The article develops and analyzes work schedules for the delivery of the company's products by tractor-trailer trucks with semi-trailers. According to the schedules, the duration of delivery of one product in a ready-to-install condition to the consignee, the maximum possible annual volumes of transportation, the maximum and actual average annual operating costs for the delivery of the company's products by its own vehicles are determined. Practical value. The results of the research can be used to make a decision on the expediency of refusing the services of logistics companies to organize the delivery of the company's products to customers.

Vocational educational ecosystem of an industrial enterprise: concept, features, experience

Introduction. In modern conditions of rapid scientific and technological development, the training of highly qualified personnel is one of the most important tasks for most countries of the world. In this regard, it is of interest to study productive forms of interaction between education and the real sector of the economy. The aim of this research is to study the content of the vocational educational, to identify its features and development prospects. Methodology and methods. Systematic and comparative analysis was used to study the characteristics and significance of the vocational education ecosystem. In order to assess the influence of the vocational educational ecosystem on the formation of human capital of the enterprise that initiated its creation, two groups of its employees (30 people each) who received vocational education in educational organizations of the vocational-educational ecosystem and in other organizations were interviewed. In order to assess the impact of the vocational educational ecosystem on the development of human capital, a survey was conducted of 95 enterprise employees with higher education and experience from 3 to 25 years. The method of group assessments, questionnaires, and the Mann-Whitney U-test are applied Results. Analysis of the literature made it possible to identify the educational ecosystem as a special socio-economic ecosystem that has systemic characteristics, but has its own characteristics, expressed in the specificity of the goal, the presence of a special composition of key stakeholders and non-hierarchical connections between them. Using the example of the vocational educational ecosystem of a large machinebuilding enterprise in the Rostov region (Russian Federation), its specificity and importance for the enterprise are shown. A survey of industrial enterprise workers who received education in educational organizations of the vocational educational ecosystem and other educational organizations showed that the average period of professional adaptation for the first group was about 4.9 months, and for the second group – 9.9. Similarly, satisfaction with the practical skills acquired during the training process differs between the two groups of respondents. To assess the period of professional adaptation U = 75 at p < 0.01, to assess satisfaction with practical skills U = 264 at p < 0.01. 71.6% of surveyed enterprise employees at the second stage noted that over the past year they received new professional knowledge from employees of the academic sector. Conclusion. The key advantage of the vocational educational ecosystem is the pronounced practice-oriented orientation of training and the reduction of the period of professional adaptation of graduates, as well as the availability of opportunities for interaction between enterprise employees and representatives of universities or scientific organizations to resolve professional issues.

Повышение энергоэффективности предприятия за счет установки в системах его водоснабжения гидроэлектрических энергосистем по выработке электроэнергии

The article presents the results of the research strategy for the development of mountainous territories of Kazakhstan. The study of the ossibilities of developing the energy system of mountainous territories is shown on the example of the city of Almaty (Kazakhstan). Materials and Methods. To study the energy efficiency indicators of enterprises in the manufacturing industry, Almaty Heavy Machinery Plant (AHMP) was selected as one of the largest machine-building enterprises in Almaty. Results. It is shown that in the conditions of supplying the water supply system with industrial water from mountain rivers, hydro turbines can be used. It was found that such hydro turbines can be placed in water supply pipelines of production shops. Discussion. An assessment was made that showed that the electricity generated by them can be used to power their own equipment, as well as to supply electricity to the general network. Conclusion. The obtained average efficiency of the hydro turbine of 39 % allows us to calculate the possible generation of electricity in real conditions up to 11 kW, while the declared capacity was 16 kW. Resume. If we consider the tasks of energy saving in production, we can confidently predict that the generation of electricity from the developed hydro turbine will reduce the total electricity consumed from the grid. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The mini-hydroelectric power station developed and presented in this work can be used in water supply systems of industrial enterprises located in mountainous regions. This system can contribute to increasing the energy efficiency of enterprises. In the future, it is planned to scale these mini-hydroelectric power stations and make smaller and larger units for use in larger and smaller enterprises.

КОМПОНЕНТЫ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДБОРА СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ В СОСТАВ ЭКСПЕРТНЫХ ГРУПП

This study is devoted to one of the stages of developing an automated system for selecting specialists for enterprises in the mechanical engineering sector, namely to the preparatory stage of the application development. At the preparation stage, basic interaction schemes are worked out, the stages of system operation are described, and the tools that will be used for further implementation are determined. The paper describes the components included in the system, which allows one to automate selecting specialists into expert groups, and identifying their main functions, conditions of use, methods of interaction, graphical diagrams, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the tools applied. A detailed description and analysis of component interactions provide opportunities for further coding of the program and designing the application interface. Detailed descriptions of the terms used to depict the program operation are given. Graphic diagrams make it possible to clearly demonstrate the use of components and the result of the work. The advantages and disadvantages of applying WSGI servers are also stated. The main types of production at machine-building enterprises are shown. Arguments are given that indicate the need to develop software that automates the process of selecting a candidate at machine-building enterprises. The paper objective is to develop an automated sys-tem for selecting specialists. The research methods are analysis, observation. The article contains developments and diagrams, the description of which will help to write code to continued operation of the program. A schematic diagram of the program operation is built, and the sequence of processes required to launch the application is described. The article is one of the stages of developing a web application, which confirms the possibility of creating such a product.

Revealing patterns of change in the tribological efficiency of composite materials for machine parts based on phenylone and polyamide reinforced with arimide-t and fullerene

The object of the study is the process of changing tribological efficiency according to tribotechnical characteristics (wear intensity, friction coefficient, temperature in the contact zone) of composites based on phenylone C-1 and polyamide PA-6 with arimide-T filler and fullerene C-60. The study solved the problem of obtaining composites with high wear resistance. Based on the results of research, it was found that varying the content of arimide-T makes it possible to obtain composites with different patterns of changes in tribotechnical characteristics under conditions of dry friction, lubrication with water and I-50 oil. Composites with the composition: phenylone C-1+15 wt. have the maximum tribological efficiency. % arimide-T+3 wt. % fullerene C-60 and polyamide PA-6+30 wt. % arimide-T+3 wt. % fullerene C-60. Phenylone C-1 has destructive properties when working in the environment of water and temperature in the friction zone. Its reinforcement with arimide-T and fullerene C60 gave positive results of a complex of tribotechnical characteristics under these conditions. It was found that the wear of composites based on phenylone C-1 in I-50 oil is two orders of magnitude lower than in water. Research of samples from the obtained composites based on phenylone C-1 and polyamide PA-6, reinforced with the optimal content of arimide-T and fullerene C60, showed that their wear resistance when lubricated with oil is 3.5...4.0 times greater than the wear resistance of bronze. An applied aspect of the reported results is the introduction of manufacturing technologies and restoration of machine parts from the proposed composites. It has been proven that their optimal composition contributes to high tribological efficiency and could provide the required level of wear resistance and reliability of resource-determining nodes, systems, and machine assemblies. The results could be used by machine-building and repair-technological enterprises

Evolution of agricultural machinery parts restoration industry in Russia

The paper shows the effectiveness of agricultural machinery parts restoration by reducing metal and fuel consumption as well as labor costs. (Research purpose) The paper analyzes the evolution of the machine part restoration system during the agricultural industrialization process in Russia, and explores the role of industrial science in developing methodologies for machine repairing and part restoration. (Materials and methods) Publications on the history of the parts restoration industry were thoroughly reviewed. Special attention was given to the decrees issued by Soviet government bodies, including the targeted comprehensive program of the State Committee of Science and Technology, the USSR State Planning Committee, and the State Committee for Agricultural Technology. These programs were aimed at establishing and expanding the production base for the repair and restoration of agricultural machinery parts. (Results and discussion) In the early stages of agricultural industrialization, equipment repairs primarily involved the use of new spare parts, while worn parts were typically discarded for remelting. A significant advancement in parts restoration was the introduction of repair sizes for crankshafts and cylinder liners. Since 1975, the cost of maintaining equipment has surged sharply due to the prices of new spare parts. The paper also presents an analysis of the efforts by the All-Union Scientific and Production Association «Remdetal» to develop flow-mechanized lines and equipment for restoring agricultural machinery parts. (Conclusions) The paper illustrates the significant growth in parts restoration volumes, rising from 68 million rubles in 1965 to 539 million rubles in 1988, as well as metal savings that increased from 136 thousand tons to 1,110 thousand tons over the same period. Additionally it highlights the role of the USSR Academy of Sciences, leading scientific institutes, and machine-building enterprises in executing the targeted program to increase the restoration volumes of agricultural machinery parts and components.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ЛИТЫХ СТАЛЬНЫХ ЗАГОТОВОК ДЛЯ КУЗНЕЧНОГО ПЕРЕДЕЛА В УСЛОВИЯХ МАШИНОСТРОИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

The results of the development (for the conditions of a machine-building enterprise) of the main technological solutions for the production of round steel ingots weighing 500 kg for forging are presented. 3D models of technological equipment and ingots of circular cross-section have been developed for pouring into reusable metal and disposable sand molds. In the LVMFlow software package (using the example of steel 45), computer modeling of casting and solidification of model ingots was performed. Industrial approbation of the obtained results of computer modeling was carried out: round-section ingots were cast from 45 steel, from which forgings of the "flange" type were made and shipped to customers.

Assessment of the occupational health and safety management system by qualimetric methods

Abstract Requirements of the international standard ISO 45001:2018 were analysed to identify the need for monitoring, measuring and analysing the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system. This analysis has made it clear that the effectiveness of the development and implementation of the occupational health and safety management system depends on the assessment methodology. The study focused on existing studies and publications on the assessment of processes, including those related to occupational safety, assessment methods or qualitative methods, and statistical methods used for assessment. As a result, the topic has been proven relevant, and the goal of the article was determined: to study the possibility of using qualimetric methods for evaluating the labour safety management system. A survey was conducted among workers at a machine-building enterprise to evaluate the occupational health and safety management system. Verbal scales were proposed to process the study results as they allow quantitative ratings to be obtained on the coded scale of the desirability function. The study result is a technique for obtaining a quantitative assessment of the occupational health and safety management system. This technique is universal and can be applied to any enterprise. It can also be used to make managerial decisions regarding the improvement of the occupational health and safety management system.

Управление надежностью конструкций при постоянном наблюдении качества машиностроительного предприятия в инновационной экосистеме кафедры

Статья посвящена управлению надежностью конструкций машиностроительных предприятий, которая осуществляется при постоянном наблюдении качества. Рассматривается роль инновационной экосистемы кафедры в стимулировании научных исследований и практическом применении новых технологий, повышающей качество подготовки специалистов. Представлена инновационная технология изготовления композитобетонной колонны, являющаяся более выгодным решением для строительства, сочетающая в себе высокую прочность, долговечность, легкость и экологичность. The article is devoted to the management of the reliability of structures of machine-building enterprises, which is carried out with constant monitoring of quality. The role of the department’s innovation ecosystem in stimulating scientific research and practical application of new technologies, which improves the quality of training of specialists, is considered. An innovative technology for manufacturing a composite concrete column is presented, which is a more profitable solution for construction, combining high strength, durability, lightness and environmental friendliness.

The current state and problems of the development of machine-building enterprises in Ukraine

The current state and problems of the development of machine-building enterprises in Ukraine

APPROACHES TO IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTING INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES

Design activity is a creative process that almost entirely depends on the professional abilities of the engineer-designer, but his ability to realize his capabilities in the shortest possible time is largely determined by the use of the achieved successes in the design of parts of assemblies and whole products. Modern design activity at a machine-building enterprise can be conventionally reduced to two directions: the design of fundamentally new innovative equipment and the improvement of products that have already been mastered and are delivered to the market. In both the first and second cases, block-modular design can be used to shorten the entire production cycle, which involves the creation of products based on modules and blocks. Modern mechanical engineering is characterized by constant complication and frequent replacement of machine designs, therefore, when designing and further manufacturing a large number of machines, it is necessary, first of all, to divide their design into independent assembly units, that is, aggregates, so that they all perform certain functions in the machine. This approach will make it possible to organize the specialized production of nodes as independent products, the performance of the main functions of which can be checked independently of the entire machine as a whole at any stage. The development of optimal layout schemes makes it possible to create, depending on the type of production, conditions for the most economical use of aggregates and to determine the sequence of their operation in one or another layout. Modern machine-building companies implement a large number of different automated IT systems, which together create a virtual enterprise and cover all stages of the product life cycle (CALS - Computer Aided Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support - automation of continuous supplies and product life cycle). Accelerating the pace of innovation processes is a crucial condition for increasing the efficiency of the enterprise's financial and economic activities and the quality of products. Automation of design processes is especially effective when moving from the automation of individual engineering calculations to complex automation, creating automated design systems (CAD) for this purpose. CAD is a complex necessary for data processing in the conditions of design and technological preparation of production. The CAD complex includes systems as structural elements - specialized parts aimed at solving tasks at a specific stage of design: design, engineering calculations (CAD-K), technological preparation of production (CAD-T). CAD-K and CAD-T systems are parts of CAD, which are characterized by specific features that ensure the implementation of various design tasks and the receipt of appropriate design solutions and design documentation. The entire complex of aspects that make up the CAD complex must be formed individually for each specific machine-building enterprise with taking into account the main parameters. The application of such approaches as a whole helps to increase the efficiency of the design of innovative technology.