Mac OS Research Articles

MassExplorer: a computational tool for analyzing desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data

In the last few years, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) has been increasingly used for simultaneous detection of thousands of metabolites and lipids from human tissues and biofluids. To successfully find the most significant differences between two sets of DESI-MSI data (e.g., healthy vs disease) requires the application of accurate computational and statistical methods that can pre-process the data under various normalization settings and help identify these changes among thousands of detected metabolites. Here, we report MassExplorer, a novel computational tool, to help pre-process DESI-MSI data, visualize raw data, build predictive models using the statistical lasso approach to select for a sparse set of significant molecular changes, and interpret selected metabolites. This tool, which is available for both online and offline use, is flexible for both chemists and biologists and statisticians as it helps in visualizing structure of DESI-MSI data and in analyzing the statistically significant metabolites that are differentially expressed across both sample types. Based on the modules in MassExplorer, we expect it to be immediately useful for various biological and chemical applications in mass spectrometry. MassExplorer is available as an online R-Shiny application or Mac OS X compatible standalone application. The application, sample performance, source code and corresponding guide can be found at: https://zarelab.com/research/massexplorer-a-tool-to-help-guide-analysis-of-mass-spectrometry-samples/. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

MSABrowser: dynamic and fast visualization of sequence alignments, variations and annotations.

Sequence alignment is an excellent way to visualize the similarities and differences between DNA, RNA or protein sequences, yet it is currently difficult to jointly view sequence alignment data with genetic variations, modifications such as post-translational modifications and annotations (i.e. protein domains). Here, we present the MSABrowser tool that makes it easy to co-visualize genetic variations, modifications and annotations on the respective positions of amino acids or nucleotides in pairwise or multiple sequence alignments. MSABrowser is developed entirely in JavaScript and works on any modern web browser at any platform, including Linux, Mac OS X and Windows systems without any installation. MSABrowser is also freely available for the benefit of the scientific community. MSABrowser is released as open-source and web-based software under MIT License. The visualizer, documentation, all source codes and examples are available at https://thekaplanlab.github.io/ and GitHub repository https://github.com/thekaplanlab/msabrowser. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.

SEQEL: a tool for biological sequence manipulation in Emacs.

Sequences are arguably the most common biological data. An easy-to-use tool can greatly facilitate daily manipulation and analysis of biological sequences. Here, we present SEQEL, a tool providing a convenient environment for editing, formatting and rendering of DNA, RNA and protein sequences. This is accomplished by extending the commonly used text editor, Emacs, which is available for Windows, Linux and Mac OS. The unit tested ELISP source code for seqel is freely available from https://github.com/rnaer/seqel along with documentation. zhenjiang.xu@gmail.com.

State of the Art of Anti-Screen Capture Protection Techniques

The transition toward a contactless society has been rapidly progressing owing to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the IT environment of organizations and enterprises is changing rapidly;in particular, data security is expanding to the private sector. To adapt to these changes, organizations and companies have started to securely transfer confidential data to residential PCs and personally owned devices of employees working from home or from other locations. Therefore, organizations and companies are introducing streaming data services, such as the virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) or cloud services, to securely connect internal and external networks. These methods have the advantage of providing data without the need to download to a third terminal;however, while the data are being streamed, attacks such as screen shooting or capturing are performed. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in prevention techniques against screen capture threats that may occur in a contactless environment. In this study, we analyze possible screen capture methods in a PC and a mobile phone environment and present techniques that can protect the screens against specific attack methods. The detection and defense for screen capture of PC applications on Windows OS and Mac OS could be solved with a single agent using our proposed techniques. Screen capture of mobile devices can be prevented by applying our proposed techniques on Android and iOS. © 2021 KSII.

Semi-supervised peak calling with SPAN and JBR genome browser.

The widespread application of ChIP-seq led to a growing need for consistent analysis of multiple epigenetics profiles, for instance, in human studies where multiple replicates are a common element of design. Such multi-samples experimental designs introduced analytical and computational challenges. For example, when peak calling is done independently for each sample, small differences in signal strength/quality lead to a very different number of peaks for individual samples, making group-level analysis difficult. On the other side, when samples are pooled together for joint analysis, individual-level statistical differences are averaged out. Recently, we have demonstrated that a semi-supervised peak calling approach (SPAN) allows for robust analysis of multiple epigenetic profiles while preserving individual sample statistics. Here, we present this approach’s implementation, centered around the JBR genome browser, a stand-alone tool that allows for accessible and streamlined annotation, analysis and visualization. Specifically, JBR supports graphical interactive manual region selection and annotation, thereby addressing supervised learning’s key procedural challenge. Furthermore, JBR includes the capability for peak optimization, i.e. calibration of sample-specific peak calling parameters by leveraging manual annotation. This procedure can be applied to a broad range of ChIP-seq datasets of different quality and chromatin accessibility ATAC-seq, including single-cell experiments. JBR was designed for efficient data processing, resulting in fast viewing and analysis of multiple replicates, up to thousands of tracks. Accelerated execution and integrated semi-supervised peak calling make JBR and SPAN next-generation visualization and analysis tools for multi-sample epigenetic data.Availability and implementationSPAN and JBR run on Linux, Mac OS and Windows, and is freely available at https://research.jetbrains.org/groups/biolabs/tools/span-peak-analyzer and https://research.jetbrains.org/groups/biolabs/tools/jbr-genome-browser.Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

APLIKASI VIRTUAL TOUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK BERBASIS ANDROID MOBILE

UMPAR at the age of 18 has walked through two phases, namely; the pilot phase, and the development phase.. The high school, namely STKIP Muhammadiyah Parepare at that time, fostered three study programs, namely the Mathematics Education, English Education and Non-Formal Education (PLS) study programs. The effort to transform into a university was initiated by Drs. Said Amir Anjala, M as well as the First Rector.
 Unity supports all file formats, especially common formats such as all formats from artapplications. Unity is compatible with 64 bit versions, can operate on Mac Os x, Windows and Can produce games for mac, windows, Wii, iphone, ipad and Android.
 The research method used is Literature Study and Observational Research. In making this application using the C # programming language.
 The need for making a virtual tour application in taking pictures using the google camera application. This research produces games that can be played offline on all computers with low specifications and also on Android smartphones.

Physics webpages create barriers to participation for people with disabilities: five common web accessibility errors and possible solutions

BackgroundWhile there have been numerous calls to increase the participation of people with disabilities in STEM, many postsecondary institutions are not equipped to support students with disabilities. We examined the accessibility of 139 webpages from 73 postsecondary institutions in the USA that contained information about the undergraduate physics curriculum and graduate research programs. We selected these webpages as they are common entry points for students interested in pursuing a physics degree. We used Tenon and Mac OS X’s VoiceOver software to assess the level of accessibility of these webpages as measured by alignment with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0.ResultsWe found that only one webpage had minimal accessibility errors (i.e., 10 errors), while the other webpages had numerous accessibility errors. Five specific error types accounted for the majority of all errors. The five most common errors were related to information, structure, and relationships of content (1.3.1 Level A; 39.7%); text alternatives for non-text content (1.1.1 Level A; 27.0%); information about link purpose (2.4.4 Level A; 14.7%); capability to resize text (1.4.4 Level AA; 10.0%); and information about the name, role, and value of user interface components (4.1.2 Level A; 11.2%).ConclusionsWe present and describe the five common accessibility errors we identified in the webpages in our sample, suggest solutions for these errors, and provide implications for students with disabilities, instructors and staff, institutional administration, and the broader physics community.

Comparative Study of Operating System Quality Attributes

An Operating System is an interface between a user and computer hardware. It’s a piece of software that handles hardware devices and acts as a bridge between an application software and hardware of the computer. Everything the user does is done in the user mode and what the system does is done in the kernel mode. The kernel is a computer program at the heart of the operating system, with absolute control of everything. Operating system concepts have been developed by many manufacturers over the years and a few quality ones to match with user demand and preferences. This paper helps compare operating systems by their quality attributes and using four of the most influential operating systems – Windows, Linux, Mac and Android OS, along with other technical details in assuring user guide when deciding what operating system to choose based on their requirements. The research uses factor analysis to obtain aggregate score based on selection criteria, with first choice at 50%, second choice at 42%, third choice at 6%, fourth choice at 2%. Windows 10 has highest GUI, Hardware Compatibility, Portability and Process Management features. Also it has high Memory Management, Text Mode Interface and file system features. However, Security feature on Windows 10 was least only 2% as fourth choice. Mac OS X has high percentage for Memory Management, GUI, Security and Architecture features. However, Hardware compatibility, Text Mode Interface, File System and Portability features was least only 2% as fourth choice. Linux Ubuntu 17.4 has highest Security, Text Mode Interface, Architecture and File System features. Also having high Portability and Process Management features. However, GUI and Memory Management was least only 2% as fourth choice. It was observed for latest version of operating system all have quality attributes but selecting most preferred choice of operating system would require proper analysis of the user. Windows with a percentage of 37% was first choice, followed by Linux having 33%, Mac with 23% and finally Android with the lowest score of 7%.

GUI4dft — A SIESTA oriented GUI

The Graphical User Interface for Density Functional Theory (GUI4dft) is a new software for users of SIESTA. It is a free cross-platform software with a graphical user interface. GUI4dft allows the user to work with standard SIESTA files and prepare manuscript-quality figures of the atomic structure and properties such as three-dimensional charge density distributions, DOS, PDOS, and band structure. GUI4dft is written in Python language and falls under an MIT license. Program summaryProgram title: GUI4dft.CPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/htrvwm7k2h.1Developer’s repository link:https://github.com/sozykinsa/GUI4dftLicensing provision: MIT.Programming language: Python 3.External routines/libraries: PyQt5, OpenGL, Scipy, Numpy, Scikit-image [1].Nature of problem: The program can be used in the daily workflow when preparing the input files for the SIESTA package and analyzing the results of its calculations.Solution method: The graphical user interface of the GUI4dft is created using Qt5. Figures are plotted by means of matplotlib library. Three-dimensional objects are displayed using OpenGL.Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: GUI4dft is a Python 3 script developed with modules from standard Python repositories. All modules are cross-platform and available on Windows, Linux and Mac OS. To install the required modules, you can run the following command in the terminal: “pip3 install pyqt5 numpy scipy pyopengl matplotlib scikit-image”. Depending on the hardware used, it may be necessary to install Qt. The installation method depends on the operating system you are using. In Ubuntu, for this installation, just run the command “sudo apt-get install qt5-default”. On laptops with Windows 10 and Mac, this installation was not required

Bluetooth Low Energy: A Comprehensive Wireless Technology

BLE, Bluetooth low energy is low power wireless communication technology that is used to connect a number of devices like smartphones, smart watches, wireless speakers, fitness watches, etc. at the same instance of time. Apple was the first phone to introduce BLE into their smartphone iphone4s back in 2011 and after that most of the companies started to include BLE into their devices for a faster reliable and secure connection. The technology was made in 2010 named Bluetooth smart also Bluetooth version 4.0 and then BLE5 was introduced in 2016 and the device versions which could run BLE are windows 8 or above, android 4.0 and above, IOS 5.0 and later, Linux 3.4, and mac OS 10.10 and above.

Development of a training complex of elements of power systems and metering of electric power with application of VR technologies

The paper describes the results of simulation of virtual power equipment of a substation and an electric power metering system for the purpose of training and practicing the actions of personnel during scheduled switching and emergency situations. An experimental model is presented that demonstrates the basic functionality of the simulator, which allows for rapid switching on a virtual substation model. The virtual model will help the trained operational personnel gain operational experience, as well as eliminate the possibility of electric shock and equipment failure. Due to the flexible functionality of the program that builds the project, it is possible to implement additional blocks of the simulator, having previously tested the innovation separately from the main project. This feature guarantees compatibility of new versions of the project with the old installed versions. It also allows the client to update the product without reinstalling the program. The model was created in the Unreal Engine 4 program. This product allows you to create projects for Windows, Lunix, and Mac OS operating systems. Unreal Engine 4 is compatible with the virtual reality system. Due to compatibility, it is possible to create interactive projects, in particular, an interactive project in the field of energy.

High preanalytical non-compliance and samples rejection rate in clinical biochemistry laboratory are decreased by nurse staff training in phlebotomy and sample handling

Background: Preanalytical phase of biomedical analysis remains an important source of diagnostic errors that deserves special attention. This study aims to evaluate the training in phlebotomy and sample handling impact on the preanalytical non-compliances. Material and Methods: we performed a prospective study before and after staff training in phlebotomy and sample handling by systematically recording all clinical samples non-compliances. First, we assessed and describe the non-compliance baseline rate from January to December 2017 in the clinical biochemistry laboratory of Hôpital Sominé DOLO de Mopti. After two sessions of one week staff training in January 2018, we performed the same study from January to December 2018. We compared the proportions of non-compliances between the two assessments. Data were collected on the case report forms, captured in Excel and analyzed by R software for (Mac) OS X version 4.0.3. Pearson Ch2 or Fisher exact tests were used for the comparison of proportions. The statistical significance was set at p < 5%. Results: a total of 27,810 venous blood samples were received during the study period; 48% was for biochemistry, 41% for immuno-serology, 9% for blood cell count and 2% for coagulation tests. There were 3,826 instances of preanalytical non-compliances (13.76%) identified that led to sample rejection. Out of the 11 types of non-compliances investigated, 5 (45.4%) accounted for nearly 91% of the problems: insufficient sample volume (28.9%), hemolyzed samples (20.5%), inappropriate collection time (17.8%), sample clot (12.9%), and inappropriate sample collection tube (10.8%). We observed a significant difference in rates of non-compliance between inpatients and outpatients samples (44.4% vs 7.3%; p < 0.001). The proportion of non-compliance have significatively decreased after the two training sessions of hospital staff in phlebotomy and sample handling 3,826/27,810 (13.8%) vs 3,009/32,476 (9.3%); p < 0.001. Conclusion: we report a significantly higher rate of non-compliance in inpatients. Hospital staff training in phlebotomy and sample handling reduce the proportion of preanalytical non-compliance and thereby improve patient management and safety.

Creation of musical pieces at GUITAR PRO 6 (Part 1)

The purpose of the article is to find out the specifics and methods of creating music in the sequencer GUITAR PRO 6. Methodology. The article uses a systematic approach, and also applies methods of comparison and generalization. Scientific novelty. For the first time in domestic musicology, innovative methods of working in the modern computer program sequencer GUITAR PRO 6 were discovered and proposed. The application of the methods and rules presented in the study provides the opportunity to transfer the work of a composer, arranger, sound engineer, musician, with a computer to a completely new stage in the development of musical creativity, which significantly improves the result of the study of musical texture, expanding the ways of existence of the work and the like. Conclusions. This software product is a powerful editor that allows you to create original scores at a professional level for subsequent editing. The program presents many useful tools with which the user can work with a different set of symbols of musical notation, as well as with a wide range of regulation of sound dynamics and tempo, which allows you to create samples of musical scores that sound and their phonograms. It has a powerful built-in MIDI editor, chord builder, player, metronome, and many other useful instruments for musicians. Ability to run Guitar Pro 6 on Windows, Linux, Mac OS platforms. Widely used by composers, arrangers, and sound engineers. Also, the methods of work in Guitar Pro 6 can be used for study by students who master the relevant specialties.

PyMod 3: a complete suite for structural bioinformatics in PyMOL.

The PyMod project is designed to act as a fully integrated interface between the popular molecular graphics viewer PyMOL, and some of the most frequently used tools for structural bioinformatics, e.g. BLAST, HMMER, Clustal, MUSCLE, PSIPRED, DOPE and MODELLER. Here we report its latest release, PyMod 3, which has been completely renewed with a graphical interface written in PyQt, to make it compatible with the most recent PyMOL versions, and has been extended with a large set of new functionalities compared to its predecessor, i.e. PyMod 2. Starting from the amino acid sequence of a target protein, users can take advantage of PyMod 3 to carry out all the steps of the homology modeling process (i.e. template searching, target-template sequence alignment, model building and quality assessment). Additionally, the integrated tools in PyMod 3 may also be used alone, in order to extend PyMOL with a wide range of capabilities. Sequence similarity searches, multiple sequence/structure alignment building, phylogenetic trees and evolutionary conservation analyses, domain parsing, single/multiple chains and loop modeling can be performed in the PyMod 3/PyMOL environment. A cross-platform PyMod 3 installer package for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X and a complete user guide with tutorials, are available at https://github.com/pymodproject/pymod. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

SeqEditor: an application for primer design and sequence analysis with or without GTF/GFF files

Abstract Motivation Sequence analyses oriented to investigate specific features, patterns and functions of protein and DNA/RNA sequences usually require tools based on graphic interfaces whose main characteristic is their intuitiveness and interactivity with the user’s expertise, especially when curation or primer design tasks are required. However, interface-based tools usually pose certain computational limitations when managing large sequences or complex datasets, such as genome and transcriptome assemblies. Having these requirments in mind we have developed SeqEditor an interactive software tool for nucleotide and protein sequences’ analysis. Result SeqEditor is a cross-platform desktop application for the analysis of nucleotide and protein sequences. It is managed through a Graphical User Interface and can work either as a graphical sequence browser or as a fasta task manager for multi-fasta files. SeqEditor has been optimized for the management of large sequences, such as contigs, scaffolds or even chromosomes, and includes a GTF/GFF viewer to visualize and manage annotation files. In turn, this allows for content mining from reference genomes and transcriptomes with similar efficiency to that of command line tools. SeqEditor also incorporates a set of tools for singleplex and multiplex PCR primer design and pooling that uses a newly optimized and validated search strategy for target and species-specific primers. All these features make SeqEditor a flexible application that can be used to analyses complex sequences, design primers in PCR assays oriented for diagnosis, and/or manage, edit and personalize reference sequence datasets. Availabilityand implementation SeqEditor was developed in Java using Eclipse Rich Client Platform and is publicly available at https://gpro.biotechvana.com/download/SeqEditor as binaries for Windows, Linux and Mac OS. The user manual and tutorials are available online at https://gpro.biotechvana.com/tool/seqeditor/manual. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Interactive Ipad-based Patient Education in Breast Reconstruction Planning

PURPOSE: In the ambulatory setting, one challenge physicians face is the need to address patient concerns in a brief encounter. This is especially true in consultation visits for breast reconstruction planning, where it is critical that patients are well-informed of options and associated risks. A promising solution is to use innovative educational technologies to provide a framework of understanding for patients just prior to their visit. Studies have shown that information presented in an interactive, multimodal format is better understood and retained than when presented in a static manner. We sought to determine whether an iPad-based interactive education module (iBook) covering breast reconstruction management is effective in patient education. METHODS: We evaluated new patients presenting to our tertiary care plastic surgery outpatient practice for breast reconstruction consultations. Patients received a presurvey, to assess patient perception of knowledge, comfort level talking to physician, and clinic visit anxiety. Patients were then randomly assigned to 2 groups: one group received an iPad (iBook), whereas the other group received the same information in a paper booklet. Patients reviewed the educational module prior to being seen by their physician. After the appointment, they received a postsurvey with the same questions and the “Satisfaction with Surgeon” domain of the BREAST-Q Scale.1 The iBook was developed for iPad using iBooks Author, a Mac OS application, and was written and illustrated by the research team. Using Hemingway editor software, all text was determined to be at a fifth grade reading level. This work was supported by The Plastic Surgery Foundation (PSF) 2019 Breast Reconstruction Awareness (BRA) Fund—Public Awareness Grant. RESULTS: Ten new patients and 1 family member were evaluated in a 2-month period (7 iBook and 4 paper booklet). From the cohort, 82% were between 31 and 60 years old, 70% had a college or graduate degree, and 50% rated their English proficiency at advanced or native. Only patients in the iBook group significantly improved their perceived knowledge score between the presurvey and postsurvey (t = 3.45; P = 0.016). Compared to the paper booklet group, the iBook group had both decreased anxiety (−0.86 versus −0.25; P = 0.7) and an increased surgeon satisfaction score on the BREAST-Q Scale (mean score, 74.1 versus 63.0; P = 0.096). CONCLUSION: The iPad-based educational module significantly improved patient-perceived knowledge. In comparison to the paper booklet group, patients receiving the iBook showed decreased anxiety and increased surgeon satisfaction approaching statistical significance. Interactive educational modalities can be beneficial to a plastic surgery practice by improving patient/family education and satisfaction, as well as decreasing visit anxiety. Providing patients and families with preliminary information can help the visit run more effectively and may help manage patient expectations. Implementation of iBooks to augment patient education should be investigated in other plastic surgery patients, other medical specialties, and different languages. Additional research with a larger cohort will be helpful in improving significance and generalizability. REFERENCE: 1. Pusic AL, Klassen AF, Scott AM, et al. Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure for breast surgery: The BREAST-Q. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124:345–353.

IP4M: an integrated platform for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data mining

BackgroundMetabolomics data analyses rely on the use of bioinformatics tools. Many integrated multi-functional tools have been developed for untargeted metabolomics data processing and have been widely used. More alternative platforms are expected for both basic and advanced users.ResultsIntegrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics data mining (IP4M) software was designed and developed. The IP4M, has 62 functions categorized into 8 modules, covering all the steps of metabolomics data mining, including raw data preprocessing (alignment, peak de-convolution, peak picking, and isotope filtering), peak annotation, peak table preprocessing, basic statistical description, classification and biomarker detection, correlation analysis, cluster and sub-cluster analysis, regression analysis, ROC analysis, pathway and enrichment analysis, and sample size and power analysis. Additionally, a KEGG-derived metabolic reaction database was embedded and a series of ratio variables (product/substrate) can be generated with enlarged information on enzyme activity. A new method, GRaMM, for correlation analysis between metabolome and microbiome data was also provided. IP4M provides both a number of parameters for customized and refined analysis (for expert users), as well as 4 simplified workflows with few key parameters (for beginners who are unfamiliar with computational metabolomics). The performance of IP4M was evaluated and compared with existing computational platforms using 2 data sets derived from standards mixture and 2 data sets derived from serum samples, from GC–MS and LC–MS respectively.ConclusionIP4M is powerful, modularized, customizable and easy-to-use. It is a good choice for metabolomics data processing and analysis. Free versions for Windows, MAC OS, and Linux systems are provided.

S0060 Characterization of Diagnostic Patterns of Chronic Pancreatitis Within a Large Health Management Organization

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an irreversible and progressive fibro-inflammatory disease of the pancreas causing pain and/or loss of exocrine/endocrine function. It is typically diagnosed with a combination of clinical and imaging criteria including atrophy, ductal dilatation, multiple parenchymal and intraductal calcifications. One of the main challenges in making a diagnosis of CP is the lack of universally agreed gold standard diagnostic criteria. To better understand the diagnostic patterns of this chronic, often disabling illness, we performed a retrospective analysis of 215 patients with CP treated at 9 hospitals of MedStar Health. METHODS: Using ICD 10 codes, we retrieved charts of patients presenting to acute care sites within the MedStar Health system between March 2015 and June 2019. These included emergency room visits and inpatient admissions. The following 7 variables pertaining to diagnosis of CP were manually extracted: 1. How was CP diagnosed? 2. Who made the diagnosis? 3. Demographics including sex, age 4. Length of stay 5. Was a GI consult obtained? 6. Location of care (Tertiary care vs. Non-tertiary care hospital) 7. Presumed etiology. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA analysis using GraphPad PRISM for Mac OS (Version 8). RESULTS: We found 215 encounters eligible for retrospective chart review. Average length of stay (in days) was longest when a gastroenterologist made the diagnosis (7.48), followed by the internist (2.02), or when a prior diagnosis was known (1.35). When a gastroenterologist was consulted, the chance of making an accurate diagnosis of CP was highest (53%) vs. when they weren’t consulted (20%). Most patients received a diagnosis of CP at a non-tertiary care center. The specialist making the diagnosis significantly changed the probability of accurate diagnosis (P < 0.0001) by clinical and imaging criteria. CONCLUSION: Most patients with CP are diagnosed at non-tertiary centers within the MedStar Health System. Most of these patients are given a diagnosis based on a prior diagnosis of CP. Accuracy of diagnosis significantly improved when a gastroenterologist was consulted. Non-tertiary centers most commonly made a diagnosis of CP based on inappropriate clinical and imaging criteria. These represent avenues for targeted interventions to standardize the diagnosis of CP across a large health management organization.Table 1.: TablesFigure 1.: Retrospective study design.Figure 2.: Graphs.

S3071 Type of Pain Medication Used in Acute Pancreatitis Is Related to Diagnostic Patterns and Outcomes

INTRODUCTION: Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is a leading gastrointestinal cause for hospital admissions in the United States. Supportive care including analgesia remains a cornerstone of treatment although data is lacking regarding optimal type and dose of pain medications in AP. Given known systemic effects of opioids including known anti-inflammatory properties, we examined trends of pain medication use and their related factors in AP. METHODS: We used ICD 10 code for AP to retrieve 4043 charts of patients presenting to emergency rooms within the MedStar Health system (a nine hospital regional health management organization) from March 2015 to June 2019. We assimilated data including relevant history, laboratory markers, imaging, in-patient management and readmissions. We used Revised Atlanta criteria to define the diagnosis of AP. Pertinent to pain management, we recorded if an analgesic was prescribed, what type was used and if the patient received opioids within 24, 48 hours from admissions and at discharge. Statistical analyses were performed including T-test, ANOVA using GraphPad PRISM for Mac OS (Version 8). RESULTS: 2541 complete patient charts were used in our retrospective study. 81% of patients who met the Revised Atlanta criteria received pain medications (P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference between tertiary & non tertiary care centers in the use of pain medications, both between groups of patients who met the criteria (P = 0.0018) and those who did not (P = 0.0135) (Figure 1). Significant differences were noted for length of stay (LOS) (P = 0.0001), with opioid medications associated with a prolonged hospital course (Figure 2). Significant differences were also seen in patients with respect to ICU admission rate (P = 0.04) as well as complications of AP (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our results show differences in pain management regimens between different tiers of hospitals, location of care (e.g. ICU). Variation in these management plans was associated with differences in LOS and complications related to AP. These differences may be attributed to severity of symptoms with contribution from individual/ group clinical practices by physicians at these hospitals. By understanding these differences, we can design rational prospective trials to assess optimal pain management in AP.Figure 1.: Trends of using pain medications in tertiary & non-tertiary care centers in patients with Acute Pancreatitis who met the Revised Atlanta’s criteria.Figure 2.: Graph depicting relationship between the types of pain medications used and the length of hospital stay in patients with Acute Pancreatitis.

Cybersecurity: a predictive analytical model for software vulnerability discovery process

ABSTRACT A software vulnerability is defined as a flaw that exists in computer resources or control that can be exploited by one or more threats. Vulnerabilities are discovered throughout the entire life cycle of the software. In this paper, we examine existing vulnerability models on the subject area and propose a new time-based differential equation model. Our proposed model is based on the assumption that vulnerability saturation is a local phenomenon, that possesses an increasing cyclic behaviour within the software vulnerability life cycle. Daily vulnerability data is extracted from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) to obtain a cumulative quarterly vulnerability data set for three Operating Systems: Mac OS X, Windows 7, and Linux Kernel. When we apply the proposed model to this data, it is discovered that our model performs significantly better than existing models, in terms of fitting and prediction capabilities.