M20 Concrete Research Articles

Comparative Mechanical Characterization of M30 Concrete Grade by Fractional Replacement of Portland Pozzolana Cement with Industrial Waste Using CoCoSo and CODAS Methods

Since last few years, marble has been deliberated as some of the utmost significant embellished constructing resources. Marble Powder (MP) and Fly Ash (FA) are nearly those materials, which creates health hazards and pollutes the environment. This present study targets to investigate the effect of marble powder and fly ash as fractional replacement of cement respectively in different concrete mixes. The M30 grade of concrete was chosen with a continual w/c ratio 0.43 where fractional replacement of Portland Pozzolana Cement with Marble Powder and Fly Ash is done in different proportion. After preparing the samples according to Taguchi’s method orthogonal array, the mechanical characterizations are performed. Hardened concrete tests such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength test have been piloted to appraise the mechanical properties of concrete. Two current multi-response optimization techniques were used i.e. Combinative Distance-based Assessment (CODAS) and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method for optimization of process parameters. In order to outline comparative consequence of measured criteria a pairwise comparison matrix was used. The results of all tests were analyzed, comparison has done among concrete mixes and the conclusion is drawn.

WITHDRAWN: An exploratory analysis on prejudice substitute of fine aggregate by glass powder and crumbed rubber on M30 concrete

Abstract The disposal of wastes in landfills is an important environmental challenge that many countries face around the world. As waste continues to be accumulating and the available capacity of landfill spaces is diminishing, agencies are increasing application and use of recycled materials such as crumbed rubber from tires and crushed waste glass in construction. The basic building materials in concrete construction are primarily aggregate and cement. The utilization of recycled materials can end up in reduced cost and increases the performance while all recycled materials are not matched correctly for concrete construction. From the literature review conducted, it can be concluded that crumbed rubber and crushed waste glass has the potential to be used as an aggregate in construction materials. In this study, the performance of crumbed rubber and crushed glass wastes materials as a valuable substitute for fine aggregates in partial replacement of natural sand in concrete mixes is investigated. An acceptable compressive strength was obtained with up to 8% volume replacement of fine aggregates with crumbed rubber and 20% volume replacement of fine aggregates with crushed waste glass.

The use of Senilia senilis seashells as a substitute for coarse aggregate in eco-friendly concrete

This research appraised the effects of recycling senilia senilis waste seashells as a full or partial substitution for natural coarse aggregate (granite) in eco-friendly concrete production. The design mix employed a 1:2:4 concrete mix ratio for M25 grade, a w/c ratio of 0.5, river sand as fine aggregate, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a binder, and varying proportions of crushed seashells and granite as coarse aggregates (0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50). Laboratory tests revealed that workability requirements were only met with a 10%–40% seashell addition, workability decreased with increasing seashell percentages. The compressive strength increased with curing age but decreased with the additions of seashells. The seashell-modified mixes failed to reach the design target strength for M25 concrete. Nonetheless, the 10 and 20% seashell-modified mixes achieved the required strength for M20 concrete. Split tensile strength increased with curing age for all mixes, the seashell-modified mixes yielded slightly reduced tensile strength values compared to the unmodified mix at all curing stages. However, the 10%, 30%, and 40% seashell-modified batches attained recommended split tensile strength values on the 28th day. Furthermore, high correlations were observed between the datasets of the some of the measured parameters, and variations for Split tensile strength as a function of seashell percentage and compressive strength were developed discretely by fitting the experimental data to the numerical models. Relationships were also developed for compressive strength and workability as functions of seashell percentage. Eco-friendly building construction recycling waste seashells is encouraged as it offers positive economic and environmental prospects.

Compressive Strength of PPC Based Quaternary Blended Concrete

Production of sewage sludge is increasing day by day all over the world. By disposing of the sewage sludge the environmental issues take place in the society. Hence the research for replacement of cement using sewage sludge ash is essential to reduce the use of natural resources. Certainly as pond ash also coal ash as waste which compresses of bottom ash and fly ash. They contain the major chemical components which cement contain. So the major aim in this research study is to the best use of Biochar and pond ash in concrete. Concrete M20 specimens are prepared according to IS10262-2019 and by replacing cement with 5% Biochar and sand with 2-30% of pond ash by varying percentages in steps of 2 and the compressive strength was determined finally observed that 20% replacement of pond ash and 5% Biochar is giving the optimum value of compressive strength.

Strength and microstructure correlation of binary cement blends in presence of waste marble powder

Marble industry produces stone slurry and solid waste that is not properly disposed and is usually dumped in open land which leads to land contamination. Marble waste deposition is one of the major environmental issues in the marble industry. This study emphasizes the reuse of waste material in concrete as a sustainable construction practice. The work is based on substitution of cement partially by marble powder (0, 5, 10, 15, & 20% by weight) to produce grades M30 concrete with water cement ratio as 0.45. The compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete was analyzed at 7 and 28 days. The study reveals that by substituting 5% of cement by marble dust powder, there was an initial strength improvement up to 25 percent for both 7 and 28 days of curing. However, afterwards with increasing marble dust substitution, there was an irregular decrease in strength for all the mixes. The microstructure studies showed improved pore structure due to filling effect of marble powder at lower substitution. The experimental work signifies the use of marble powder at an optimum amount for enhancing the strength of concrete. Thus, marble powder incorporation in concrete can be used to reduce its harmful environmental effects and to produce economically beneficial green concrete.

Experimental study on strength and durability properties of iron scrap with flyash based concrete

Concrete is the most universally used construction material today. As concrete dries, it shrinks and is an evitable phenomenon that routinely occurs. In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the effects of different percentage of iron scrap in concrete, by the optimum percentage getting different percentage of fly ash was added and tested. Thus addition of short randomly distributed iron scrap in concrete plays an important role in enhancing the strength. The effect of short randomly oriented fibre and strength characteristics of cement oriented fibre and strength characteristics of cement concrete with aspect ratio of 100 for different of iron scrap by volume of the specimen is considered compression, split tensile, prism, durability and Dorry’s abrasion test were conducted.The use of waste steel strips produced in industrial operations in machine shops and workshops as reinforcement in concrete promises to be an exciting prospect in iron scrap concrete technology. Experimental investigations were under taken by the author to determine the behaviour of test specimen in compression and flexure. The specimens include cubes, cylinders and beams of M20 concrete with iron scrap ranging from 2.5% to 15%. From the test, it was observed that the addition of iron scrap improved the flexural strength of concrete and it is suggested as cost-effective and structurally efficient material in many Civil Engineering applications.

Influence of temperature on bond–slip characteristics of concrete containing fly ash

This paper deals with the bond–slip characteristics of concrete containing fly ash after the concrete is exposed to elevated temperatures. M40 concrete with 0%, 15% and 25% fly ash content and 8-mm-diameter ribbed bars were considered for the present study. Specimens were heated to different temperatures (ambient—28 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C) and cooled under air cooling and water cooling environment. Standard pullout test has been carried out on specimen, and the bond–slip relationship was observed. It could be observed that compared to OPC concrete, the loss in bond strength of concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures is less in concrete with fly ash content, primarily due to the additional formation of C–S–H with the presence of silica in fly ash at elevated temperatures, and is dependent on the fly ash content. It has further been observed that the ductile behavior of bond–slip after the peak bond strength of ribbed bars reduces when concrete is exposed to elevated temperatures. The micro-cracks formed in concrete due to the thermal shock induced because of sudden cooling with water after exposure to elevated temperatures reduces the bond strength of concrete and is dependent on the fly ash content in concrete. Most of the available equations for the prediction of bond strength of concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures do not consider the influence of fly ash in concrete and hence they underestimate the bond strength. With the present experimental data, an equation has been proposed to predict the bond strength of concrete containing fly ash after it is exposed to elevated temperatures.

Experimental investigation on the potentials of Sisal Fibres as Reinforcements for Drainage Concrete Cover Plates

With the development of infrastructures in Rwanda, the roads construction has been one of busiest area, and as the country counts thousands hills the design and construction of drainage systems required a great attention. Most of road drainage channels are covered with concrete plates that are reinforced with ordinary steel bars, while others are not covered due to the high cost of reinforced concrete plates. As the majority of these plates are only subjected to light pedestrian loads, they should be reinforced accordingly. This study was intended to check the potentials of sisal fibres from Agave Sisalana’ cactus plant which has shown good results in flexural members, as plates reinforcements. At first the quality of ordinary concrete components was checked. Then some of sisal fibres were prepared, manufactured into ropes of 10 mm diameter and then used as replacements of main steel bars in concrete plates before their tensile capacity was checked. Other pieces of sisal fibres of 5 cm length were mixed in concrete mass with different percentages of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of concrete volume. Test results showed that the compressive, tensile and flexural strengths for concrete with 1% of sisal fibres were more adequate for M30 concrete and therefore able of sustaining the real loads applied to the drainage concrete cover plates. As the performance of natural sisal fibres depends on fibres treatment methods, length, and type of required concrete, further studies on the use of sisal fibres should consider those factors.
 Keywords: Agave sisalana, drainage channel, Reinforced Concrete, Sisal Fibres, Sisal ropes.

The use of Partial Glass Powder as Cement Replacement in Concrete M20 Grade on Mechanical Strength

surely glass powder in concrete can be considered one of the most important or relevant fibers as partial replacement aiming to change or improving the properties of concrete. This work was made in the endeavor to know the influence of glass powder when is mixed or replacing cement in concrete using proportion 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%, using m20 grade of concrete. Considered two factors as age and mix proportion, was found the compressive results, also the result of tensile and flexural strength results at 3 days, another one at 7 days, at 28 days and 90 days curing concrete, the study was conducted, using cubes specimens after testes was found reporting that using glass powder in the m20 grade of mix design of concrete as cement replacement shows many advantages in its application on concrete, not only in reducing the co2 emissions to earth’s atmosphere as is written on the first part of this work but also the result show that the proportion up to 20% can improve its compressive strength in concrete, in terms of flexural strength was found increasing up to 10% of glass powder when used in concrete and was found also the optimal proportion in split tensile at 20% of glass powder.

Comparative Studies on Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust and Coconut Fibre

The cost of building project primarily on the quantity of concrete used during its construction. Cement being the only component manufactured in factories is costly and adds to the cost of a building project. Research work is going on throughout the globe for partial replacement of cement with suitable agriculture waste product such as rice husk ash , fly ash emanating from thermal power plants with the burning of coal, marble powder or coconut coir fiber without hampering the workability as well as strength of concrete. A large amount of coconut fibers is available in coastal region and marble powder exists in Rajasthan .The Feasibility studies on effect of using an admixture of coconut fibers and marble powder on strength of M30 concrete have been conducted . All the instructions, parameters, formulas have been followed according to the bureau of Indian standard. To conduct the test , aggregate consisting of coarse aggregate 20mm and fine sand, 10mm aggregate, marble dust powder, coconut fiber and fresh water have been used. Mix sample of M30 in different variations of ingredients as below have been examined. Four trail mix by varying the percentage of OPC 43 grade of cement, coconut fiber and marble dust powder were prepared and examine for their average compressive strength by the standardized method. It was concluded that M30 mix prepared by 94% of cement with 4% replacement by marble dust powder and adding 2% coconut fiber gives compressive strength of 38.300N/mm2.

Experimental Examination of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Incorporation with Lathe Steel Scrap

Food and shelter are the basic needs of every human being, as the population of the world is increasing there is an emerging need of mass constructions or multi storied constructions which can accommodate a greater number of people. In this aspect high strength concrete is required which is eco-friendly i.e. it must be more sustainable and effort worthy. To accelerate the properties of concrete we can add fibrous material to the concrete which are evenly distributed and randomly oriented and helps to increase the compressive strength, shear resistance, crack résistance, modulus of elasticity, toughness and reduction of shrinkage of concrete. And also, by keeping sustainability in mind we have used Lathe steel scrap as a fibrous material in the concrete, which is non-bio-degradable solid waste produced by Lathe machinery in manufacturing industries, land filling by these materials causes land pollution and also affect the quality of ground water at such places. In consideration of environmental pollution and vast availability of these scrap material we have used Lathe steel scrap as partial addition to concrete at 1%, 1.5%, 2% by volume proportions for M30 grade concrete and the properties like compressive, split tensile, bending, flexural beam strength, modules of elasticity are tested for 7 and 28 days and compared with noramal M30 concrete

An Experimental Examination on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Cement Replacing with Marble Powder

Leaving the waste products straight to the environment directly can cause environmental issues. Waste can be used as a mixture to create fresh products or can be used as admixtures .In order to make more efficient use of natural assets and protect the environment from waste deposits an inert material which is procured as an industrial by-product during sawing, grinding, and polishing of marble. These wastes can be used as concrete constituents by partly replacing the cement making it cost-effective. The main objective of this research is to examine whether there is any possibility of utilizing marble powder in concrete production or not. This research involves concrete m20 mixture by replacing cement with marble powder in different proportions (0%, 5 %, 10 % & 15 %) by weight to determine the optimum proportion of replacement. The properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were determined at age of 7 and 28 days. The durability characteristics of concrete with cement partially replaced by waste Marble powders were also evaluated.

Amalgamation of E-waste plastics in concrete with super plasticizer for better strength

Concrete is a major construction material and plays a crucial role in the improvement of infrastructure development of any country and India is the second largest cement market both in production and consumption in the world in 2018. The idea of the conservation of coarse aggregate has been largely ignored despite the fact that coarse aggregates make up 40–50% of a concrete mix by volume. The quantity of cement and concrete production increase as the demand for developing the infrastructure increases day by day and the overexploitation of coarse and fine aggregates may reduce the resources to a crucial level, compromising the needs of future generation. Aggrandizement of technology has led to the boon and bane for the world. Earlier studies on E-waste showed that India has generated 0.4 million tons in 2010 which may increase to 0.5–0.6 million tons by 2013–2014, but the latest report confirms that India has produced 2 million tons of E-waste and it was one among the top ten countries which generates E-waste in abundance in the globe. The main objective of this study is to partially replace the E-waste plastics for coarse aggregate, to minimize the environmental degradation by E-waste and reusing the same in the required shape and to understand the behavior of M40 concrete in addition of super plasticizer by conducting various tests. The test result shows that properties of concrete in fresh and hardened stages have been improved. E-waste plastics can be used as coarse aggregates by replacing the coarse aggregates in a concrete by volume 0%, 12%, 17% and 22%. Utilization of plastic aggregate in concrete reduced overall unit weight of concrete and the strength of the concrete is gradually increased with the addition of different percentage of E-plastic waste.

Concrete blend with E-waste plastic for sustainable future

Abstract Electronic waste or E-waste, according to the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment directive of the European Union, is defined as waste material consisting of any broken or unwanted electronic appliance which includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones, and other electronic items that have been discarded by their original users. According to WEEE, after several studies on E-waste, it has been examined that five categories of materials found in it viz., ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, glass, plastics, and others. 60% of metals found in E-waste in common and a plastic which is 15% are the second largest component by weight. Utilization of crushed E–waste materials in the building construction instead of conventional materials helps in reducing the cost of concrete manufacturing. The objectives of this experimental study is to partially replace the E-waste plastics for conventional coarse aggregate, to minimize the pollution by reusing the same in the required shape and to understand the behaviour of M20 concrete by conducting strength tests on it. The coarse aggregate was partially replaced with different percentages of E-waste plastic by volume from 0 to 20% and based on the lab tests as per IS standards it as conclude that the utilization of plastic aggregate in concrete reduces the unit weight of concrete thus reduction in dead weight of the structure and hence it can be consumed as a light weight concrete. The value of slump cone is kept on increasing which shows the inadaptability of plastic to absorb water. Compressive strength and flexural strength decreases with increase in the percentage of E-waste whereas the split tensile increases with the increment which shows that E-waste plastics can be used as an alternative material in proper ratio.

Strength Characteristics of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) using Calcium Chloride Integral Curing Method

Concrete is weak in tension and strong in compression. The inclusions of fibers in concrete significantly improves its compressive as well as tensile strength. The use of different types of fibers have shown positive responses among the researchers. It has long been known that curing concrete during cold weather can result in an inferior product with substandard properties. Curing also takes much longer, adding to job costs and extending the time before the concrete surface can be used. There are many accelerators available in the market, but Calcium Chloride continues to be one of the most preferred one. In this study, Alkali resistant glass fibers (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5% and 4%) were used in the concrete M30 mix. The optimum glass fiber percentage that can be added to the concrete is found by comparing both tensile and compressive strength of the GFRC. Trial mixes of normal M30 concrete by adding different percentages of Calcium Chloride (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) as curing agent is also prepared. The optimum percentage of calcium chloride that can be added to the concrete is found by comparing the compressive strength of the con- crete. The compressive strength of the GFRC using calcium chloride integral cur- ing is found after 7, 14 and 28 days. The test results are then compared with GFRC using normal curing.

Potential Utilization of Micro Silica as a Limited Substitution with Addition of Glass and Polypropylene Fiber for M40 Concrete

Nowadays there is an increase in environmental knowledge and its effects on the environment, the disposal of waste products from industries are being big deal to manage. Such waste materials cannot be dumped on any lands, due to this reason it is difficult to manage waste materials. After so many investigations finally conclude that waste material can be utilized in the construction as additives, such materials can reduce the cost of construction and gives more strength compared to conventional concrete. These products can be utilized to partial replacement of cement. In this investigation, we are using Silica fume/ Micro silica as a partial replacement of cement. From this combination, we can improve the strength, workability and resist cracks in concrete. To reduce water content PAR PLAST SPL super plasticizer is used. The present investigation is to determine the strength behavior of Silica fume/Micro silica and fibres in Rigid pavement. The concrete mix design is as per IRC 44 2009, and it is proportioned to set target mean strength as 40 Mpa. The water-cement ratio as per mix design is 0.38. Specimens was casted and cured for various percentages that are 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. With this constant percentage of fibres was added that is 1% Polypropylene fibre and 0.5% Glass fibre. This specimen tested for 3, 7, 28 days for cubes and 7, 28 days for beams and cylinders. From this investigation, Cement can be replaced with Micro silica to improve strength properties like bending and tensile strength. The Silica fume/ micro silica found at 7.5% optimum dosage, up to this percentage cement can be replaced.

Compressive Strength of Concrete with Construction and Demolition Waste and m-SAND using Additives

Construction and Demolition wastes(C&D wastes) are generated in all cities of the world due to rapid urbanization. Disposing C & D waste these days is a costly affair, and raises environmental issues. Hence an attempt is made to reuse the demolished concrete as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates. Also due to ban of sand mining by local authorities, the cost of natural fine aggregate is very high and itself becoming a scarce material. Hence crushed stone aggregates called manufactured sand (m sand) is used, totally replacing natural fine aggregates. This concept is found to be cost effective, minimizes disposal of C & D wastes, and leads towards Green Building Concepts. Compression test on M40 concrete cubes of size 150mmx150mmx150mm are conducted at end of 7 days and 28days. Mix design for M40 concrete is made in accordance to IS: 10262-2019 with water cement ratio of 0.45 using 53 Grade Ordinary Portland cement. Superplasticizer (LIQUIFIX) is used to enhance workability. Nano Silica (NS)(1.5% by weight of cement),Wollastonite powder(WP)(10%by weight of cement) and Basalt fibres(BF)(1% by weight of cement) are added as additives. It is observed, that compressive strength of 7 days and 28 days cured samples is 25% more with the addition of all three additives compared to samples without additives. Hence the loss of compressive strength obtained by using demolished concrete as aggregates and m sand in concrete is regained with the addition of additives.

Durability Properties of Blast Furnace Slag (BFS)-Modified Concrete

Mineral admixtures are being used today almost in all concretes partially, to improve workability, engineering properties and also to enhance durability of the concrete. These are industries by-products. This paper discusses, blast furnace slag (BFS) was used to study durability properties; namely, initial water absorption, final water absorption and acid attack. To examine the above mentioned properties, M30 concrete was chosen. The BFS content was varied from 0% to 30% by volume of cement with an interval of 10%. In acid attack, specimens were cured in H2SO4 solution about 3% concentration, the corresponding weight losses (%) were evaluated for curing periods of 7, 14 and 28 days. The durability properties of the BFS-modified concrete have been improved when BFS content increased up to 20% advantageously. Weight loss was also decreased.

Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Addition of Polypropylene Fiber in M20 Grade of Concrete

The paper deals with the effects of addition of various proportions of polypropylene fiber on the properties of high strength concrete m20 mixes. An experimental program was carried out to explore its effects on compressive strength under different curing condition. the main aim of the investigation program is to study the effect of polypropylene fiber mix by varying content such as 0%, 0. 5%, 1%, 1. 5%, 2% and find the optimum polypropylene fiber content. the concrete specimen were tested at different age level for mechanical properties of concrete name compressive strength of the concrete. a detailed study was carried out of curing conditions. the increase were compressive strength

Behaviour of a New Concrete Composition with Jaggery as Admixture

Quality of concrete is influenced by the proportion of ingredients and method of preparation in concrete production. A unique word which is used on concrete is inevitable in human life due to its properties and applications. From the ancient days lime and jiggery are used as binding materials. This review paper expressed the significance of jaggery on strength behavior of a new concrete composition. Experimentation carried out for determining strength properties of a new concrete for M20 grade nominal concrete using jaggery as admixture. Based on previous study, jaggery is an unrefined sugar product and it is easily available market; the main function of jaggery is to increase the initial setting time of concrete and it also influencing the properties of concrete. Preferably this type of admixture is used in different construction sites like deep foundations, piers and long piles. Four different percentages of admixture was chosen into the experimentation at 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% by weight of cement, finally it is accomplished that the workability of concrete is being superior with jiggery as admixture but flexural strength and shear strength of this new concrete decreased as compared with convectional M20 concrete.