Lymphocytes In Children Research Articles

HLA phenotype frequencies in individuals with cleft lip and/or cleft palate.

The HLA types of 133 patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate were determined. Caucasian patients with isolated cleft palate showed a possible association with HLA. Ten of 11 male patients had HLA--A2 as compared to one out of eight female patients (P less than 0.005). Caucasian males with cleft lip and cleft palate had a slight increased frequency of HLA--Aw24 (P = 0.07) and Mexican-American males with cleft lip and/or cleft palate showed an increase of antigen HLA-A28 (P = 0.07), though neither were statistically significant. Females with cleft lip and/or cleft palate from either racial group had no differences from the controls. The serum from 90 mothers of patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate were reacted against their child's lymphocytes. Of these crossmatch tests, 12% were found to be positive. These preliminary results suggest that male patients with isolated cleft palate are worthy of further studies with respect of HLA associations.

Immunological Properties of Lymphoblasts and Lymphocytes in Children with Acute Lymphatic or Undifferentiated Leukemia

In 35 children with acute lymphatic or undifferentiated leukemia, immunological properties of normal lymphocytes and lymphoblasts were investigated. In most cases the number of circulating normal lymphocytes with surface or B markers and delayed type hypersensitivity was depressed. On the other hand, the response to mitogenic stimulation with PHA as well as the antibody and immunoglobulin serum concentrations were found to be normal. Lymphoblasts did not exhibit surface receptors in any but four patients, who showed 10--18% of leukemic blasts being positive for E-rosette formation at 0 degree but not at 37 degrees.

No elevation of exchange type aberrations in lymphocytes of children with alcohol embryopathy.

The lymphocyte chromosomes from 23 children with the 'fetal alcohol syndrome' or 'alcohol embryopathy' (AE) were analyzed with respect to exchange type aberrations. These aberrations were not more frequent in AE than in controls. The possibility that AE results from unspecific suppression of RNA and consequently of protein synthesis in the developing embryo is discussed.

Serial studies of numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Serial studies of numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes at monthly intervals in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia showed a marked fall in the number of B cells, relatively greater than that of T cells, early in the course of maintenance chemotherapy and immediately after a course of cranial irradiation. The fall in the number of B cell is not a consequence of long-term chemotherapy, and is possibly related to a specific event such as cranial irradiation.

Cytogenetic Effects of Chemotherapy and Cranial Irradiation on the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Children with Malignant Disease

Results of a cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with leukemia after massive chemotherapy and cranial irradiation, and of children with nephrosis after coritisone therapy and cyclophosphamide are presented. Prolonged intensive chemotherapy results in a significant rise in the number of chromatid aberrations after twelve months, and of chromosomal aberrations after 24 months of therapy. After cranial irradiation a sharp rise in chromosome aberrations is present for about three months. This drops after one year to levels present in cases with chemotherapy alone.

Quantitation of circulating T and B lymphocytes in children with whooping cough.

The numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes in seven children with whooping cough due to Bordetella pertussis and eight control subjects were determined. All the children with whooping cough had an absolute lymphocytosis (mean 29,142/mm3vs. 5,225/mm3) and by surface marker criteria both T cells and B cells were increased (mean T cells, whooping cough 15,794/mm3 vs. 3,516/mm3 controls; mean B cells, 13,393/mm3 whooping cough vs. 1,706/mm3 controls). However, the ratios of T cells to B cells in the whooping cough (1.4) and control group (1.9) did not differ significantly. This proportional increase in both T and B lymphocytes indicates that whatever mechanism are responsible for lymphocytosis in B. pertussis infection affect both populations in a similar manner.

Influence of different cytotoxic drugs on T and B lymphocytes in children with all during remission maintenance therapy.

The influence of four different cytotoxic drugs (MTX, CYC, 6MP, and ARA-C) on T, B, and O-lymphocytes was investigated in 20 children with ALL in complete remission during cyclic remission maintenance therapy. Each of the four drugs causes a marked reduction of the absolute number of T and B cells whereas the relative number lies within the normal range with the exception of CYC, which leads to a depression of the percentage of both T and B cells. The percentage of O cells is markedly increased by CYC and slightly increased by MTX, 6MP, and ARA-C. The data are interpreted with care since the function of the immune system and especially tumor rejection depends on the interaction between the different lymphocyte subpopulations.

Comparative Immunogenicity of HL–A Antigens: A Study in Primiparas

A comparison of immunogenic strength among 23 HL-A antigens was made by studying HL-A antibodies formed in primiparous women. In this setting of single pregnancies, each one of the incompatible fetal antigens would have an equal opportunity (one gestational period) to sensitize the mother. Three hundred pairs of primiparous women and newborns were HL-A typed and the serum of each mother was tested for antibody activity against the child's lymphocytes. The test was positive in 24 instances; 19 sera were reactive with only one antigen of paternal origin, one serum was reactive with both antigens, and in four instances the children's incompatible antigens were identified. When the frequencies of different antibody specificities were statistically analysed, HL-A5 and W14 were found to be distinctly more immunogenic than the other antigens.

Expression of cell surface markers on T and B lymphocytes after long-term chemotherapy of acute leukemia

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes in children with ALL in remission, before and after cessation of 3 yr of immunosuppressive therapy. Immunofluorescence of viable cells and rosette formation were the two methods used to identify B and T cells, respectively. Though combination chemotherapy depresses the total lymphocyte population, B lymphocytes were more depressed than T lymphocytes. On the last day of therapy, the population of lymphocytes bearing IgG-M (B cells) was markedly reduced, but the percentage of RFL (T cells) was within normal values. After chemotherapy was stopped, and in the absence of extrinsic antigenic stimulation, there was an immunological rebound in the B cell compartment. During the first 3 months off therapy, there was an increase in intensity of fluorescence and in the proportion of IgG-M-bearing lymphocytes above the levels of normal controls. Assays of lymphocytes bearing IgG, IgM and IgA indicate that there was a rebound of IgG and IgM but not IgA lymphocytes. Changes in the proportion of RFL as a function of time off therapy were inversely proportional to those observed for IgG-M-bearing lymphocytes, that is, the percentage of RFL decreased during the first 3 months off therapy. When the absolute numbers of B and T cells were compared, it was found that B lymphocytes reached a plateau phase after 2–3 months off therapy, but T lymphocytes continued to rise beyond this period, reaching normal levels at 12+ months off therapy. These results provide evidence, at the single cell level, of the immunological rebound that occurs after cessation of therapy and suggest that the kinetics of recovery are different for T and B lymphocytes.

BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION FROM AN HL-A NON-IDENTICAL BUT MIXED-LYMPHOCYTE-CULTURE IDENTICAL DONOR

A male infant with severe combined immunodeficiency was transplanted with bone-marrow cells at six, nine, and ten months of age. The donor was a maternal uncle who differed from the child for both HL-A haplotypes, but whose lymphocytes did not respond to the child's lymphocytes in mixed-lymphocyte-culture (M.L.C.) reactions. To avoid infections and mitigate graft-versus-host (G./H.) reaction, germ-free isolation and extensive microbial decontamination was carried out. Lymphoid-cell chimærism and some restoration of cell-mediated immune functions was achieved with the first transplant. After the third transplant the child apparently had full restoration of cell-mediated immune functions and partial restoration of humoral immune functions. Despite the HL-A difference the child experienced only mild symptoms of G./H., and after discharge he has remained completely well. It is concluded that a sufficient degree of histocompatibility existed in this donor/host combination, which was reflected by the M.L.C. non-reactivity of the donor towards the host. Reduction of the microbial flora may have reduced the severity of a G./H. reaction.

In vitro chromosomal radiosensitivity in patients and in carriers with abnormal non-Down's syndrome karyotypes.

Extract: This paper reports in vitro tests of chromosomal radiosensitivity in five children and three adults with normal karyotypes as control subjects, in seven patients (children) with chromosomal abnormalities, and in six translocation carriers (adults). Peripheral blood samples from each individual and skin fibroblast cultures from four children in the control group, five patients with chromosomal abnormalities, and one translocation carrier were irradiated with 10 and 100 rads. Nonirradiated duplicate cultures were used as controls. Blood cultures were harvested after 52 hr of incubation and fibroblast cultures were harvested 24 hr after irradiation. The frequency of chromosomal breakage caused by irradiation was calculated by subtracting the values for nonirradiated samples from those for irradiated samples. In normal control subjects, the number of chromosome-type breaks per cell per rad was 0.0024 ± 0.0009 and 0.0020 ± 0.0009 in lymphocytes of children and adults, respectively, and 0.0049 ± 0.0021 in fibroblasts of children. The number of breaks per cell per rad was 0.0055 ± 0.0017 in lymphocytes and 0.00:82 ± 0.0013 in fibroblasts of patients, and 0.0040 ± 0.0018 in lymphocytes and 0.0063 ± 0.0017 in fibroblasts of carriers. In comparison with age-matched controls, significantly elevated frequencies of breaks per cell per rad were observed in cultured lymphocytes and fibroblasts of patients, and in cultured lymphocytes of translocation carriers (Table II). After irradiation with 100 rads, the number of dicentrics and rings per cell was significantly greater in both patients and carriers of chromosomal abnormalities than in control subjects (Tables I and III). Therefore, chromosomes of cells of patients with chromosomal abnormalities and of translocation carriers were significantly more radiosensitive in vitro than those of control subjects. Speculation: Patients with chromosomal abnormalities and carriers with a translocated chromosome show greater chromosomal changes after irradiation in all age groups than do normal control subjects. These individuals, therefore, should be subjected to as little x-ray examination as possible.

Phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia during remission.

PHA response in vitro of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with ALL was determined during remission by 3H‐thymidine uptake. Short courses of intensive treatment with rubidomycin, vincristine, and prednisone significantly diminished both the PHA response and the number of circulating lymphocytes.PHA stimulation restored itself rather quickly after the cytostatic treatment. Maintenance therapy with 6‐mercaptopurine, methotrexate, or cyclophosphamide did not cause a significant change in PHA response. The results are discussed in relation to the immunological status of the patients and the possibilities of active immunotherapy.

Chromosomal abnormalities in lymphocytes of children and baby rabbits born from mothers treated by x-radiation before pregnancy. A transplacentary plasmatic chromosome-damaged factor?

A lymphocyte chromosome-breaking factor, induced in women and female rabbiyts by X-irradiation a short time before pregnancy, and identifiable during some years in the plasma, passes through the placenta and produces unstable chromosomal aberrations in fetal blood lymphocytes.

A Study on the PAS Reaction of Lymphocytes in Children

Pediatrics InternationalVolume 11, Issue 1 p. 45-46 A Study on the PAS Reaction of Lymphocytes in Children Kunitaro Baba, Kunitaro Baba Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Medical College (Director: Professor Takashi Iijima)Search for more papers by this author Kunitaro Baba, Kunitaro Baba Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Medical College (Director: Professor Takashi Iijima)Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1969 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.1969.tb02713.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume11, Issue1June 1969Pages 45-46 RelatedInformation