Lycopene Extraction Research Articles

A step-by-step technoeconomic analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lycopene from tomato processing waste

A step-by-step technoeconomic analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lycopene from tomato processing waste

Estimation of mass transfer terms in the lycopene recovery employing Moringa oleifera Lam oil as solvent

The aim of this work was to assess the terms associated with mass transfer in the lycopene recovery from the waste of a tomato canning plant. Moringa oleifera Lam oil was employed as solvent. An ultrasonic extraction was carried out on skin and seeds. The operational variables were temperature (skin: 45, 60, 75, 90 ºC; seed: 45, 60, 75 ºC), matrix/solvent ratio (m/v) (1:20, 1:25, 1:30), particle size (skin: < 1, 1-2, > 3.15 mm; seed: < 1, 1-2, > 2 mm) and extract separation method (filtration and centrifugation). Kinetic constant, lycopene concentration on the solid surface, volumetric coefficient of mass transfer and effective diffusivity were determined. The more the kinetic constant increased, the higher the volumetric coefficient of mass transfer was. Effective diffusivity increased with temperature. Activation energy values suggest a possible deterioration of lycopene at temperatures higher than the optimum. The use of M. oleifera oil as solvent should increase the biological value of the lycopene extracts.

SC-CO2 extraction of lycopene from red papaya using rice bran oil as a co-solvent lessens its degradation during storage

ABSTRACT Lycopene was extracted from freeze-dried papaya using supercritical carbon dioxide and rice bran oil (RBO) as a co-solvent. Central composite design (Response surface methodology) with five levels of each process variable, i.e. pressure (25–50 MPa), temperature (55–85°C), and extraction time (60–210 min), was used for conducting the experiments. The single optimal point for various response variables was realized at 35.4 MPa, 67°C, and 130 min. Under these conditions, a lycopene extraction efficiency of 79.27 ± 1.69% and a γ-oryzanol content of 11,079 ± 146 mg/L were predicted. The combination of extraction temperature and time beyond 80°C and 180 minutes showed a detrimental effect on lycopene. Furthermore, the storage of extract under no-light conditions showed first-order degradation kinetics with half-life values of lycopene of 42, 24, and 9 days at 3, 10, and 25°C, respectively. Results show that the use of RBO as a co-solvent improved the extraction efficiency and prevented lycopene degradation during extraction and storage.

Enzymatic Assisted Treatments of Lycopene Extraction from Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) Peels using Rice Bran Oil

Although having the potential to prevent oxidation and cardiovascular diseases due to the substantial amount of lycopene it contains, the massive quantity of tomato peels is now solely discarded as a by-product of the processing industry. In the present study, the effects of enzymatic treatments on lycopene content extracted from tomato peels using rice bran oil were evaluated. A two-step protocol was followed: the tomato peels were treated with enzyme and then extracted with rice bran oil for 1 h at 25 °C and a solid percentage of 3.5%. Treatment factors investigated were Viscozyme L. concentrations (0.5–2.5 %), incubation time (30–150 min) and incubation temperatures (30–70 °C). Antioxidant capacity, peroxide value, acid value and color changes of the rich-pigmented oil product were analyzed. Under the best extraction conditions (Enzyme concentration = 2%; Incubation time = 90 min; Incubation temperature = 50 °C), the lycopene content was extracted up to 320 mg/100 g of dry weight. Results showed that using Viscozyme L. significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the lycopene content in the pigmented oil product. These results suggested the idea of using a cell-wall degrading enzyme in the extraction to promote the use of tomato by-products as a rich source of lycopene and a good approach for waste utilization.

Optimization of antioxidant and lycopene extraction from tomato pomace using Hansen solubility parameters and its application in chicken meat preservation.

Tomato pomace, composed of peels and seeds, is often discarded or used as animal feed. However, it contains valuable phytochemicals, including lycopene. Lycopene, a natural pigment, is an antioxidant known for reducing the risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular ailments and cancer. In this study, we aimed to study the possibility of valorizing tomato pomace by quantifying phenolic compounds, evaluating the antioxidant activity of their extracts, as well as extracting and quantifying lycopene, and studying the effect of tomato peel extract on the oxidative stability of chicken patties during storage. The effectiveness of different solvent mixtures for the extraction of lycopene was evaluated using Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). The obtained results showed that the best solvent mixture was hexane/acetone (50/50) with a Hansen theoretical distance of 7.2, indicating its favorable solvation power. It also achieved a notable extraction yield of 3.12% and the highest lycopene yield of 20.05mg/100g. This combination demonstrated the highest values in terms of total phenolic (24.06mg equivalent gallic acid/100g dry matter) and flavonoid content (30.55mg equivalent catechin/100g dry matter), indicating a significant presence of these compounds. However, its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (13.51µg/mL) and ABTS, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, (8.52µg/mL) IC50 values were comparatively lower than the other mixes. The use of this fraction as a food additive and antioxidant showed significant competitiveness with the conventional preservative, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. Tomato extract can be considered a potential natural preservative in food preparations due to its high lycopene content. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research provides valuable insights into optimizing the extraction of antioxidants from tomato pomace, using HSPs. The findings have the potential to benefit the food industry by developing improved methods for preserving chicken meat through the application of these optimized antioxidant extracts. By enhancing the preservation process, this study may contribute to extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of chicken meat, leading to reduced food waste and improved consumer satisfaction.

Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lycopene, Vitamin E, and Lycopene-Vitamin E Combination Against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans: An In Vitro Study.

Background Lycopene is a naturally occurring compound classified as a carotenoid, a group of pigments responsible for the vibrant colors observed in many fruits and vegetables. It is most commonly associated with red-colored fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, and papaya. Vitamin E encompasses a group of chemical compounds that share a structural relationship with alpha-tocopherol and are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It is a fat-soluble vitamin and is known for its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lycopene extract, vitamin E extract, and their combination against oral pathogens for their potential application in the treatment of oral diseases. Materials and methods The potential antimicrobial effects of extracts derived from lycopene, vitamin E, and their combination were evaluated against oral commensals like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Three concentrations (25 μl, 50 μl, and 100 μl) of the extract were tested. Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) and Rose Bengal agar (RBA) bases were utilized to determine the zone of inhibition.And the experiments were repeated in triplicate for each group. Results The identification and assessment of the antimicrobial activity of lycopene extract, vitamin E extract, and their combination revealed the greatest efficacy at the highest concentration (100 μl) against all tested microbial strains. Notably, C. albicans exhibited the highest susceptibility compared to the other strains. Vitamin E had the least antimicrobial effect and combination had the highest antimicrobial effect. Conclusion The results of our study demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity of lycopene and vitamin E. These findings suggest that lycopene and vitamin E can be harnessed in the development of diverse drug formulations for the treatment of oral diseases.

Optimization of extraction of lycopene from carrot and determination of its antioxidant activity

Background: Lycopene is a carotenoid which is abundant in mature red plant fruits, especially in tomato, carrot and watermelon. This study investigated lycopene extraction from carrots and its antioxidant properties. Methods and results: Through an orthogonal experiment (L9 (3)3), lycopene extraction was optimized and its antioxidant capacity was assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the maximum yield of lycopene was obtained when the extraction temperature, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio were 40℃, 125 min and 1:2 g/mL, and the influence on the extraction yield of lycopene decreased in the order: solid-liquid ratio > extraction time > extraction temperature. The antioxidant activity test showed that lycopene had strong scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS free radicals, but poor scavenging ability on hydroxyl radicals. Conclusion: The maximum extraction yield of lycopene is 50.82 ± 0.18 µg/g. Lycopene has good antioxidant capacity. This study provides a theoretical framework and statistical support for the continued development of the lycopene from carrots, which is projected to be exploited as a natural antioxidant or health supplement in the food and cosmetics industries.

Optimization of Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Pomace and Effect of Extract on Oxidative Stability of Peanut Oil

Optimization of Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Pomace and Effect of Extract on Oxidative Stability of Peanut Oil

Integrated ultrasound-surfactant assisted extraction of lycopene from tomato peels

Lycopene extraction from tomato processing waste / peels is a challenging process. The present work reports a one-step integrated ultrasound-surfactant assisted extraction (IUSAE) of lycopene from tomato peels using non-ionic surfactant L62 as a superior extraction method among other methods (surfactant assisted extraction, i.e., SAE, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), and two-step ultrasound treatment followed by surfactant assisted extraction (USAE)). IUSAE resulted in 77% lycopene extraction, which was 19–33% more than SAE or UAE, and the integrated method required 30–90% less extraction time than SAE or UAE. As compared to two-step USAE, for the same extraction efficiency (75–77%), one step IUSAE required 30% less surfactant, with 85% reduction in extraction time, and 40% reduction in power. A life cycle assessment of the process showed that single step IUSAE has less environmental impact than two-step USAE. IUSAE also preserved the antioxidant activity of lycopene and the structure of the surfactant. Thus, one-step IUSAE is a more promising method than SAE, UAE, and two-step USAE. The superior performance of IUSAE is mainly due to the intensification of ultrasound and surfactant assisted extraction processes.

Optimization of enzyme-assisted lycopene extraction from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) peel using rice bran oil

Optimization of enzyme-assisted lycopene extraction from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) peel using rice bran oil

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro

Tomato is one of the plants that contain lycopene as an antibacterial. Acne is an infectious disease caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibiotic treatment starts to become resistant so that plants can be used as alternative treatments. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vitro. This type of research is experimental. Extraction was carried out by maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. Lycopene extract with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Testing with the paper disk method with five repetitions. Aquadest as a negative control, and tetracycline as a positive control. The results showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone formed in the positive control was 40.36 mm (potent inhibition). Inhibition zones at concentrations of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% had solid inhibitory power. The results of statistical tests showed that the ethanolic extract of tomato (Solanum lycopersycom L) had antibacterial effectiveness against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria that causes acne in vitro. The post hoc test shows a significant effect between a T1 concentration of 100% with negative control and positive control

Process development and techno-economic assessment of lycopene extraction from tomatoes using surfactant

Process development and techno-economic assessment of lycopene extraction from tomatoes using surfactant

Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Design of Extraction the Technology of Lycopene from Strawberry

Based on the understanding of lycopene extraction technology at home and abroad, strawberry was taken as the research object. After the fruit was grouped and treated, acetone was used as the organic solvent for strawberry pretreatment. Lycopene has the maximum absorption peak at the wavelength of 472nm, so all the following tests are carried out under this wavelength. Firstly, the single-factor experiment was used to determine the data range of each of the four single factors that were beneficial to improve the extraction amount of lycopene in strawberries in different extraction temperatures, solvent amount, extraction time, and different extraction acid-base environment. After the completion of the single-factor experiment, the central group and the experiment were designed based on the experimental results. Then combined with the response surface analysis method, the above four conditions affecting the extraction rate of lycopene in strawberries were comprehensively analyzed. The results of the single-factor experiment showed that the extraction rate of lycopene reached the maximum when the solid-liquid ratio was 4:1, the extraction temperature was 40℃, the extraction time was 40min, and pH=5. The single factor of solvent removal was determined according to the effect of the single-factor experiment. The effects of extraction temperature, time, and pH value on the extraction efficiency of lycopene were investigated by response surface analysis with 3 factors and 3 levels, and the extraction process was optimized with absorbance as the corresponding value. Combined with response surface analysis, the extraction rate of lycopene was used as the experimental index, and the obtained quadratic multinomial mathematical model was analyzed by using Design-expert 7.0 software, and the best extraction process parameters of lycopene were determined as follows: The extraction temperature was 36℃, the extraction time was 49min, and the pH was 4. Under these conditions, the predicted value of lycopene content was 225.5mg/100g, and the actual measured value was 224.5mg/100g. In the empirical experiment, the relative error between the prediction results and the measured results is 0.433%, which has high reliability, indicating that the established mathematical regression model can accurately predict the extraction rate of lycopene within a certain range.

Mini Project on Extraction and Quantification of Lycopene from Tomatoes and Papaya Fruit

Mini Project on Extraction and Quantification of Lycopene from Tomatoes and Papaya Fruit

Ascorbic acid, pigments, anti-nutritional factors, and nutraceutical potential of Anacardium occidentale fruits as affected by temperature

ABSTRACT Cashew tree has two parts of food industry and nutrition interest, i.e the nut and the juicy apple. This study aimed to carry out a phytochemical characterization, determine the antioxidant properties and evaluate the influence of temperature on the phytonutrient composition of cashew fruits. The contents of ascorbic acids, phytates, and tannins, of various pigments were determined. Antioxidant activities were determined by four methods using standard methods. The apples presented the best antioxidant activities for FRAP, SOD, and LPO 98.54 ± 5.48, 834.12 ± 13.47, and 84.9 ± 4.15, respectively; while walnuts showed the best antioxidant activities for free radical scavenging which was 26.14 ± 3.21. Tannin, phytate, and anthocyanin contents decreased by more than 50% when increasing temperatures between 50 and 100°C. Ascorbic acid tends to disappear completely in fruit at temperatures of 100°C. Extractable lycopene increased by about 25% with increasing temperature. β-carotene was found to be insensitive to temperature increase. These results provide valuable information that can help in the control of cashew fruit processing in the food industry. They also provide important information on the nutraceutical potential of cashew fruit.

Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Halomonas bluephagenesis for the production of lycopene.

Red-colored lycopene has received remarkable attention in medicine because of its antioxidant properties for reducing the risks of many human cancers. However, the extraction of lycopene from natural hosts is limited. Moreover, the chemically synthesized lycopene raises safety concerns due to residual chemical reagents. Halomonas bluephagenesis is a versatile chassis for the production of fine chemicals because of its open growth property without sterilization. A heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathway was introduced into H. bluephagenesis strain TD1.0 to engineer a bacterial host for lycopene production. A pTer7 plasmid mediating the expression of six MVA pathway genes under the control of a phage PMmp1 and an Escherichia coli Ptrc promoters and a pTer3 plasmid providing lycopene biosynthesis downstream genes derived from Streptomyces avermitilis were constructed and transformed into TD1.0. The production of lycopene in the engineered H. bluephagenesis was evaluated. Optimization of engineered bacteria was performed to increase lycopene yield. The engineered TD1.0/pTer7-pTer3 produced lycopene at a maximum yield of 0.20 mg/g dried cell weight (DCW). Replacing downstream genes with those from S. lividans elevated the lycopene production to 0.70 mg/g DCW in the TD1.0/pTer7-pTer5 strain. Optimizing the PMmp1 promoter in plasmid pTer7 with a relatively weak Ptrc even increased the lycopene production to 1.22 mg/g DCW. However, the change in the Ptrc promoter in pTer7 with PMmp1 did not improve the yield of lycopene. We first engineered an H. bluephagenesis for the lycopene production. The co-optimization of downstream genes and promoters governing MVA pathway gene expressions can synergistically enhance the microbial overproduction of lycopene.

The sources, properties, extraction, biosynthesis, pharmacology, and application of lycopene.

Lycopene is an important pigment with an alkene skeleton from Lycopersicon esculentum, which is also obtained from some red fruits and vegetables. Lycopene is used in the food field with rich functions and serves in the medical field with multiple clinical values because it has dual functions of both medicine and food. It was found that lycopene was mainly isolated by solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, high-intensity pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, enzymatic-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Meanwhile, it was also obtained via 2 synthetic pathways: chemical synthesis and biosynthesis. Pharmacological studies revealed that lycopene has anti-oxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer, immunity-enhancing, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular-protective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and osteoporosis-inhibiting effects. The application of lycopene mainly includes food processing, animal breeding, and medical cosmetology fields. It is hoped that this review will provide some useful information and guidance for future study and exploitation of lycopene.

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in community development: An overview focused on nutritional properties, agronomic constraints, reThe tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in community development: An overview focuscent achievements and future prospective

Tomato is an important horticultural product cultivated worldwide and a major crop subject of studies. The present study therefore aims to review the state of the art of research on tomato. To do this, search was carried out in scientific databases (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and Agora), A suitable scientific research works were selected and analyzed. From the results, it appears that tomato is a fruit vegetable, belongs to Solanaceae family and cultivated in many countries of the world and in various climates. Its production can be done in field, but also under controlled conditions by using of artificial lighting, heaters, as well as fertigation to produce high quality tomatoes. Nutritionally, regular intake of tomato fruit increase levels of carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, and polyphenols compounds in the daily diet. Regarding the preservation of tomato, research papers mentioned that tomato, like any plant, is subject to agronomic constraints, such as abiotic (light, water supply, salinity, floor structure) and biotic constraints (bacterial, fungal and viruses’ attacks). Mechanical damage also influenced external quality traits of tomato. Finally, this review paper presents a brief overview of some recent studies concerning the control of tomato diseases, the valorization of tomato fruits, as well as the using of tomato waste as a bioresource for lycopene extraction. However, it would be interesting that future investigations revolve around the search for more alternatives methods to control bacterial, fungal or virus attacks, such as the use of natural compounds, in particular those from plant origin.

Lycopene extraction from industrial tomato processing waste using emerging technologies, and its application in enriched beverage development

SummaryThe present study aimed to extract lycopene from the industrial tomato processing waste (peel) using emerging technologies such as power ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), low‐temperature microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), pulsed electric field (PEF)‐assisted extraction (PAE), combined low‐temperature microwave‐power ultrasound‐assisted extraction (MUAE) and combined ultrasound‐pulsed electric field‐assisted extraction (UPAE). A green solvent (ethanol: ethyl acetate, 2:3, v/v) was used for the recovery of lycopene and a mass transfer kinetic approach was used to understand the extraction kinetics of various extraction methods. The highest extraction yield was observed for UPAE treatment with the lycopene yield of 3.56% followed by MUAE with 3.49%. UPAE had the highest antioxidant capacity (87.09% DPPH) compared to other methods. Thus, the green solvent and combination UPAE technology are environmentally sustainable techniques and present a good scope for lycopene recovery. Further, the extracted lycopene was entrapped in oil in water emulsion to develop an enriched lemon juice beverage.

In Vivo Assessment of Lycopene Effect on Obesity-Induced Inflammation

A chronic low-grade inflammation is one of etiologic conditions closely associated with obesity. The study aims to examine the effect of lycopene on obesity inflammatory conditions in rats. 20 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups (n=5) and for 30-day treatment they were divided into the control group received corn oil as a vehicle, lycopene control group received lycopene extract (10 mg/kg) daily with gavage, obese control group subjected to high fat (HF) diet and received corn oil and obese/lycopene group subjected to HF diet and daily received lycopene extract by the same dose. Bodyweight, weight of thymus and spleen, cytokines [Resistin, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)], lipid profile, and immunohistochemical assay for the Nuclear Factor kappa-B receptors (NF-κB) expression were measured and analyzed. The results revealed that the induced obesity caused a remarkable increase in bodyweight, relative weight of thymus and spleen, levels of serum cytokines, total cholesterol and triglycerides and NF-κB receptors expression, but decreased high-density lipid (HDL) level significantly. Administration of lycopene to obese rats caused a significant depletion in the levels of serum cytokines, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) with a significant increase in HDL level and caused no change in bodyweight, while the relative weight of the spleen and thymus was improved. Also, lycopene caused a marked decline in NF-κB receptors expression in thymus and spleen. These results supported the importance of lycopene as a beneficial carotenoid in combating obesity and companied disturbed fat index and metabolism.