Luting Cement Research Articles

Evaluation and Comparison of Two Different Cleaning Procedures on Mechanical Properties for Recemented Restoration Using Two Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Types: An In Vitro Study.

Background In modern dentistry, fixed dental prostheses are often the preferred and the most complex treatment procedures. However, the success of these procedures depends to a greatextent onthe durability and consistency of the ongoing reconstruction. This paper aimed to compare the shear bond characteristics of conventional glass ionomer cement types, namely, Vivaglass luting cement and GC fuji 1 cement, after being subjected to two different dentin-cleaning techniques: the tungsten carbide bur and the prophy jet. This would help determinewhether the castings that have been cleaned and recemented are just as tenacious as when they were initially placed. Methodology A total of 60 human teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were collected for this study. The teeth were cleaned and stored in a thymol arrangement after carefully removing any leftover fragile tissue. They were randomly grouped as follows: luted with Vivaglass cement (N = 30) in group A and GC fuji 1 cement (N = 30) in group B. Each group's debonded surfaces were arbitrarily split into three subgroups, with each containing 10 samples. This was done to comply with dentin-cleaning techniques for recementation. Results The intergroup bond strengths calculated were compared among the subgroups. The mean strength for subgroup IA was 2.78 ± 0.24 MPa, subgroup IB was 2.60 ± 0.30 MPa, subgroup IIA was 4.39 ± 0.19 MPa, subgroup IIB was 3.80 ± 0.23 MPa, subgroup III A was 4.52 ± 0.22 MPa, and subgroup IIIB was 3.63 ± 0.17 MPa. An analysis of variance test showed there was a significant difference between the subgroups (F = 117.60; P = 0.001). The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the subgroups. Shear bond strength testing was performed using common testing equipment. The results indicated that there was not any significant difference between the mean increases in the shear bond strength of the two luting cement types. However, the GC fuji 1 cement showed greater initial shear bond strength than the Vivaglass cement. Additionally, when the tungsten carbide bur was used as a cleaning techniquebefore recementing, itshowed greater shear bond strength compared to the prophy jet. Conclusions The initial shear bond strength of GC fuji1 (Group B) luting cement was slightly higher than that of Vivaglass (Group A), and the bond strength achieved after recementation with GC fuji 1 and surface cleaning with the carbide bur was the highest among the other three groups.

A literature review on various luting cements used in dentistry

The success rate of the given fixed partial denture and the longevity of the fixed partial denture is depend on the tooth preparation and the usage of the luting cement under the fixed partial denture prosthesis. Luting cement plays an important role in maintaining or securing the fixed partial denture prosthesis in the cemented position. Luting cement should be bio compatible, it should be non-irritating to the underlying tooth structure and non-irritating to the pulp, it should maintain the adequate marginal seal. In recent days so many newer luting cements has been introduced in to the dentistry, that are claiming for good as well as better clinical performance from the existing cements in the terms of improved and better characteristic properties. The different cements which can be used as luting cements are glass ionomer cements, zinc phosphate, zinc poly carboxylate, zinc oxide eugenol, newer cements like resin modified glass ionomer cements, compomers and resin cements.

Effects of Adding Cinnamon, ZnO, and CuO Nanoparticles on the Antibacterial Properties of a Glass Ionomer Cement as the Luting Agent for Orthodontic Bands and Their Cytotoxicity

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding cinnamon nanoparticles (NPs), Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), and Copper oxide (CuO) NPs on the antibacterial property of a luting and lining glass ionomer cement (GIC) that was used for the cementation of orthodontic bands to the tooth. Cinnamon NPs, ZnO NPs, and CuO NPs were added into a luting and lining GIC in weight percentages of 1%, 2%, and 4%, respectively while a non-modified GIC was considered as the control group. Agar disc diffusion test was applied to assess the antimicrobial property of samples against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was examined through the MTT assay for gingival fibroblasts. Data showed that GIC containing cinnamon and ZnO NPs displayed a larger inhibition zone diameter and greater antibacterial activity against S. mutans than CuO NPs. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the inhibition zone diameter of cinnamon NPs and ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed the lower cytotoxicity of cinnamon NPs and the higher cytotoxicity of CuO NPs while the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs was observed to be higher than cinnamon NPs and lower than CuO NPs. GIC containing cinnamon NPs exhibited noticeable antibacterial activity against S. mutans and cinnamon NPs revealed less cytotoxicity and it is can be labeled as a favorable option for further assessment to be applied in fixed orthodontic treatments for the cementation of bands to teeth.

Update on Dental Luting Materials.

A dental luting material aids in the retention and stability of indirect restorations on the prepared tooth structure. In dentistry, clinicians are using a wide range of luting materials for the cementation of indirect restorations. Zinc oxide eugenol and non-eugenol cements, zinc phosphate cement, zinc polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement and resin cements are common dental cements used in dentistry. Each luting material or cement possesses unique properties and clinical implications. An ideal luting cement should be biocompatible, insoluble, resistant to thermal and chemical assaults, antibacterial, aesthetic, simple and easy to use. It should have high strength properties under tension, shear and compression to resist stress at the restoration-tooth interface, as well as adequate working and setting times. So far, no luting material possesses all of these properties of an ideal cement. Scientists have been modifying the conventional luting cements to improve the material's clinical performance and developing novel materials for clinical use. To achieve the best clinical outcome, clinicians should update their knowledge and gain a good understanding of the luting materials so that they can make a wise clinical decision on the material selection and obtain an insight into the development of luting cements. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide a discussion on the physical, chemical, adhesive and aesthetic properties of common luting materials. The clinical indications of these luting materials are suggested based on their properties. In addition, overviews of the modification of the conventional luting materials and the newly developed luting materials are provided.

Incorporation Of Ajwain Extract in Provisional Luting Cement for Long Term Inhibition of Bacterial Infiltration

Aim: The focus of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Ajwain seeds when incorporated in provisional luting cement.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 samples of provisional cement [TEMP-BOND™] were prepared. Extraction from 5gms weighed Ajwain seeds with 100ml distilled water was done until reduced to 10ml. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) was determined using agar diffusion broth method against Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans. Independent t test was conducted to assess the level of significance of difference between mean values. Results: For both Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans , the difference between two methods (Incorporated or Dipped/Coated) showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in antimicrobial activity and both the methods are clinically acceptable as it had adequate zone of inhibition.Conclusion: The zones of inhibition in the agar diffusion test showed the antibacterial efficiency of provisional luting cement when incorporated or dipped with ajwain extract is more than the control group and Ajwain can be considered as a promising natural source of antibacterial agent for management of dental secondary caries.

Comparative evaluation of retention of lithium disilicate crowns with four different cementation systems- An in-vitro Study

AIM OF THE STUDY: This in vitro study was performed to compare the retention of pressable lithium disilicate crowns cemented with four different cementation systems.METHODS: Eighty single rooted maxillary 1st premolars were collected after excluding teeth with caries and/or previous restorations. Preparation of the samples was standardized by using a diamond bur mounted onto a surveyor. An anatomic crown was waxed on each tooth and then hot pressed using lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max PRESS, IvoclarVivadent). The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20) according to different cementation systems. Each group sample was subjected to a seating force of 50N using universal testing machine. Each upper block was pulled along the path of insertion of the crown with a crosshead speed of 1mm/min.RESULTS: Self adhesive resin cement showed the maximum tensile strength among all adhesive luting cements (2.65 MPa). Self etch resin cement group showed mean tensile strength of (1.78 MPa) that was marginally less than total etch resin cement (1.86 MPa). Glass ionomer cement exhibited least tensile strength (1.41 MPa) compared to the other three luting cements.CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that lithium disilicate full coverage crowns cemented with self adhesive resin cement showed higher bond strength followed by total etch resin cement, self etch resin cement and glass ionomer cement.

Clinical outcomes of single crown and 3-unit bi-layered zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses: An upto 6- year retrospective clinical study: Clinical outcomes of zirconia FDPs

ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival and the occurrence of technical and biological complications in bi-layered zirconia-based (Zi) single crown and 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Also, the study aimed to analyze the effects of tooth vitality (vital versus non-vital), abutment location (anterior versus posterior), and luting cement (self-adhesive resin versus resin-reinforced glass ionomer) on clinical outcomes. MethodsA total of 147 prostheses (in 94 patients) placed by undergraduate dental students in a university dental center during the period 2015–2021 were examined clinically using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. The mean duration of follow-up was 37 months (range, 6 - 63 months) for the single crowns (n = 77) and 25 months (range, 6 - 68 months) for the 3-unit FDPs (n = 70). Data were descriptively analyzed to determine the types and rates of complications based on USPHS and CDA criteria. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimation method was used to determine the cumulative survival and success rates of the prostheses (α=0.05). Differences in clinical outcomes (survival or failure) according to tooth vitality, luting cement, and location were statistically analyzed using cross-tabulations and Х2 test (α=0.05). ResultsThe Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival rate was estimated as 96% for the Zi 3-unit FDPs after 5.5 years, and 90% for the Zi single crowns after 4.8 years. The 5-year estimated success rate was 68% for both 3-unit FDPs and single crowns. Seven (9.1%) 77Zi single crowns and 70 2 (2.9%) Zi 3-unit FDPs were recorded as failures with occlusal roughness being the most commonly-observed complication (crowns: 4 [5.6%]; 3-unit FDPs: 8 [11.4%]). In terms of clinical outcomes, statistically significant differences were found between all included vital and non-vital teeth (p = .006), and cement types (p = .028). Taking single crowns alone, significant differences in clinical outcomes according to tooth vitality were noted (p = .036), but not for PFDPs. The location of the prostheses did not produce any significant differences in the clinical outcomes, for both prostheses types independently or combined (p > .05). ConclusionsThe estimated cumulative survival rates in this study for single crowns and 3-unit Zi FDPs concurred with the ranges reported in systematic reviews. Zi-based prostheses on vital teeth produced better clinical outcomes than those placed on non-vital teeth, and type of luting cement influenced the final clinical outcome. Clinical significanceZi crowns and 3-unit PFDPs fabricated using the specific CAD-CAM system used in the controlled environment of this study showed good clinical performance with minimal veneer porcelain chipping. Root canal treated teeth seem to be at higher risk for failure of Zi prostheses compared with vital teeth.

A study to evaluate the preferences of dentists for the materials chosen to restore endodontically treated teeth and the influence of both clinical experience and level of specialization on the dentist's choice of posts

Background: In endodontics, dentist's choice for using posts/materials relevant to posts used to restore endodontic-treated teeth is influenced by clinical experience, whether concerning the length of practice time and level of specialization. Objective: Traditional restorative approaches are being modified as newer materials become available and patient preferences shift. The purpose of the study was to see if dentists' preferences for using posts and other materials associated to post used to restore endodontically treated teeth are influenced by practical experience, whether measured by the length of clinical practice time or level of specialty. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with dentists (n = 100) working in Karnataka utilizing a questionnaire. Data on sociodemographics, clinical experience, postgraduate training, and postendodontic restoration characteristics (posts/types of cement and rubber dam application) were obtained. The samples only included general and specialist dentists. A descriptive analysis was performed on the data. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test investigated the relationships. Results: The most chosen materials were metal posts (60%) and resin cement (70%). There was a statistically significant association between clinical practice duration and postuse type (P = 0.017). In addition, there was a highly significant relationship (P = 0.001) between clinical practice time, level of specialty, and the use of rubber dams. Conclusions: Dentists favored metal posts for post endodontic restorations, while resin-based cement was the preferred luting cement for the posts' cementation. Additional training and more clinical practice time were factors in several dental postselection decisions.

Novel rechargeable nano-calcium phosphate and nano-calcium fluoride resin cements

ObjectiveIn most clinical circumstances, secondary caries at the margin of fixed dental restorations leads to restoration failure and replacement. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel rechargeable nano-calcium phosphate (NACP) and nano-calcium fluoride (nCaF2) resin-based cement; and (2) investigate their mechanical properties and calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), and fluoride (F) ion release, recharge, and re-release for the first time. MethodsThe cement matrix consisted of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), ethoxylated bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) was denoted PEHB. Four cements were fabricated: (1) PEHB+0%NACP+0%nCaF2 (experimental control); (2) PEHB+25%NACP+0%nCaF2, (3) PEHB+0%NACP+25%nCaF2; (4) PEHB+12.5%NACP+12.5% nCaF2. RelyX luting cement was used as a commercial control. Mechanical properties and long-term Ca, P, and F ion release, recharge, and re-release were evaluated. ResultsAdding 25% NACP, 25% nCaF2 and adding both 12.5% NACP and 12.5% nCaF2 to the cement matrix presented a significantly higher shear bond strength, flexural strength compared to the commercial control (p < 0.05) with a comparable outcome with no significant different (p > 0.05) compared to experimental control. The film thickness results of all cement groups met the ISO requirement (<50 µm). The resin cement group with both 12.5% NACP and 12.5% nCaF2 successfully released Ca, P, and F ions at 3.1 ± 0.01, 1.1 ± 0.05, and 0.51±0.01 mmol/L respectively. Moreover, it showed the ability to re-release Ca, P, and F ions at 0.62±0.01, 0.12±0.01, and 0.42±0.01 mmol/L respectively. ConclusionsThe resin cement group with both 12.5% NACP and 12.5% nCaF2 demonstrated the advantages of both types of bio-interactive fillers as it could release a higher level of ions than the resin cement with 25%nCAF2 and exhibited a better rechargeability compared to the resin cement with 25%NACP. Clinical significanceThe ability of this novel resin-based cement to release, recharge, and re-release Ca, P, and F ions could be one of the keys to lengthening the survivability of fixed dental restorations. These features could help to reduce the onset of secondary caries by enhancing the remineralization and preventing the demineralization of tooth structures.

Effect of two luting resin cements on translucency and transparency of ceramic laminate veneer

Statement of problem: Different types of resin cements may harmfully affect the translucency and transparency of esthetic restorations particularly for thin ceramic laminate veneers.&#x0D; Aim: To assess the effect of using two resin cements as luting agent on the transparency and translucency of laminate veneer prepared from IPS Empress ceramic.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Two dual-cured resin cements systems from different manufacturers were used for this study (MetaCem and Totalcem). Fifteen samples of laminate veneers (LVs) were fabricated from IPS e.Max Empress using a ready-made mould to standardize the form and dimension of prepared samples, then the samples were divided into three groups (n=5). Group (Gp1) was e.Max veneer samples without luting cement (control group), and the other two groups (Gp2 and Gp3) were using two cements (test groups). The resin cement was prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions, and then a layer of luting agent was applied on the fitting surface of the veneer samples and cured by light. The translucency and transparency of all samples were evaluated using a spectrophotometer.&#x0D; Results: e.Max veneers without luting cement (Gp1) showed slightly higher absolute translucency (76.8 ±3.3) than MetaCem samples (Gp2) (74.9±3.8), while veneers cemented with Totalcem (Gp3) displayed the lowest value (70.8±3.9). Statistically, found no significant difference between e.Max veneer (Gp1) and the two luting cements (Gp2 and Gp3) (P 0.066) in the absolute translucency. However, a significant difference between the tested groups in their relative translucency was detected (P .047). T-test showed no significant differences between the luting cements types (Gp2 and Gp3) in their absolute and relative translucency (P 0.134 and P 0.178 respectively).&#x0D; Conclusions: The luting cement slightly affect the translucency of the veneer material, however, both cements found to be acceptable and no significant effect on the translucency and transparency of IPS e.Max Empress LVs.

Comparison between two ceramic veneer materials in their color and translucency before and after applying luting agent layer

Statement of problem: In making veneer restoration to restore the human teeth, it is essential to produce the color and the shape of the artificial restoration similar to the natural teeth and this is not easy produced. Therefore, the effect of cementation layer on optical characteristic of aesthetic restoration is one of the critical factors in controlling the aesthetic outcome of veneer restorations.&#x0D; The aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of luting cement on color and translucency of commercially available aesthetically ceramic veneer materials.&#x0D; Materials and methods: The materials used were Zirkon Zahn and IPS e.Max Empress. All the experimental samples of laminate veneers (LVs) were prepared using readymade veneer mould (3M ESPE) to standardize the thickness and the dimension of the tested samples. Single layer of the luting cement was applied on the fitting surface of the veneer samples. The samples prepared following the manufacturers’ instructions. Spectrophotometer was used to evaluate the color and translucency of tested samples.&#x0D; Results: The IPS e.max samples showed higher TP and Cab values compared with zirconia samples. However, color difference (∆E) values were higher for zirconia (3.28) compared with IPS e.max samples (2.92). Cement layer showed great effect on translucency and color parameter. Statistically, there was a high significant difference between tested samples (P&gt;0.000)&#x0D; Conclusion: The IPS e.max ceramic showed better color measurement than zirconia samples, however both materials found to be in the acceptable range of observation values. The luting cement had limiting the translucency and affects the aesthetic outcome.

Internal and Marginal Adaptation of Adhesive Resin Cements Used for Luting Inlay Restorations: An In Vitro Micro-CT Study.

Adequate internal adaptation and marginal sealing of resin luting cements are of particular importance for the success of cemented ceramic inlays. The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial adaptation of different resin cements at the tooth-inlay restoration interface at enamel versus dentin surfaces. Thirty-two extracted human molars were allocated to four groups. One Class II cavity was prepared in each tooth. In each group, half of the cavities’ gingival floors were on enamel while the other halves were on cementum. Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM inlays were luted to the cavities using the following adhesive systems: RelyX Unicem, RelyX Ultimate, eCement, and Variolink Esthetic DC. After staining teeth with silver nitrate solution, marginal and internal gap volumes were determined using micro-CT images. Statistical analyses were conducted by independent t test and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). The internal and marginal gap volume values were the highest for Variolink Esthetic DC at the dentin surface (0.629 ± 0.363) and (2.519 ± 1.007), respectively, and the lowest for RelyX Unicem at the enamel surface (0.005 ± 0.004) and (0.009 ± 0.003), respectively. The internal and marginal adaptation on the enamel surface for RelyX Unicem and RelyX Ultimate resin cements were comparable to each other and to eCement but significantly better than Variolink Esthetic DC cement. Regardless of the adhesive resin system used, adaptation on enamel is superior to that on dentin surfaces.

Effect of photosensitizers on modulating bond strength of different luting cements used for cementation of resin modified composite fiber posts.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the tensile BS of FPs luted with conventional and self-adhesive resin modified GIC cement on disinfection of post-space radicular dentin with various photo-activated photosensitizer (chitosan, TB and Clp6). Sixty-six orthodontically extracted mandibular pre-molars were selected on specific exclusion/inclusion criteria, trailed by thorough debridement of plaque/calculus and disinfected by immersion in Chloramine T trihydrate solution for 48 hrs. The selected teeth were sectioned from the cement-enamel junction removing the crown. The radicular region of the samples was entrenched perpendicularly in heat cure resin modified acrylic. The pulpal tissue was detached using K-files trailed by canal shaping with ProTaper Next rotary NiTi (Dentsply Sirona, Gloucestershire, UK) files under continuous irrigation with NaOCl. The canals were dried using paper points trailed by obturation by Pro Taper Next Obturators gutta-percha points (Dentsply, UK) coated with ADSEAL (Meta Biomed, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea). After incubation for seven days in an environment mimicking oral cavity, post space was created using peso reamers. The space was disinfected by G1: chitosan 3 mg/mL; G2: 13-15 mg/mL TB and G3: Clp6. After photo-irridation the FPs were luted with conventional (n=11) and resin modified self-adhesive cement (n=11) for each group respectively. The specimens were incubated for 48 hrs prior to tensile BS testing. The type of bond fracture/failure was evaluated under 30x magnification. The tensile BS was statistically analyzed using ANOVA trailed by Tukey's test to respective groups. FPs luted using self-adhesive resin modified cement with prior to disinfection by TBs displayed highest tensile BS 291.47 N ± 5.36. On the contrary, post-space disinfected by Clp6 displayed statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) lowest bond strength (276.62 N ± 4.31). Intra-group analysis displayed statistically significant difference in bond strength of the luting dental materials (p ≤ 0.05). The self-adhesive resin modified cement revealed utmost bond strength on pre-treatment of post-space with respective photo-activated photosensitizer (chitosan, TB & Clp6) in contrast to conventional GIC.

Effect of PH and Powder to Liquid Ratio on the Solubility of a Conventional Glass Ionomer Luting Cement

Introduction: Properties of GI luting cements are influenced by complex oral environment. This in-vitro study is designed to simulate oral conditions for better understanding behavior of GI luting cement in oral cavity and to evaluate its solubility. Fluctuating oral environment from acidic to alkaline is thought to cause solubility of luting agent, which insults the integrity of luting agents leading to micro leakage and ultimately luting failure of restorations. An attempt via this study was made to funnel powder liquid ratio for dental practice by exposing different P/L ratio to varying pHs of artificial saliva solution. Materials and Methods: Four groups of specimens were prepared using different powder liquid ratios (Group A 1:2, group B 1:3, group C 1.5:3 and group D 2:3S). Specimens were desiccated for 2 hours in hot air oven and weighted with digital analytical balance. Specimens were immersed in respective artificial saliva for a week, desiccated for 2 hours, weighed and solubility was calculated. Micrographs of specimens were taken with scanning electron microscope. Descriptive statistics such as mean, range and standard deviation values were presented as tables and charts. variation of means amongst groups were analysed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant Results: Solubility of specimens immersed in acidic artificial saliva solution showed elevated solubility. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant results, Tukey’s HSD showed that specimen of group A2 showed elevated solubility of 0.000246790 g/mm3 and specimens of group D1 showed less solubility of 0.000003466g/mm3. Conclusion: Unlike manufacturer recommended P/L ratio, this study concluded that P/L ratio of 2:3 is a better GI luting cement as it exhibited least solubility in both acidic and basic environments. Keywords: Luting, GI luting cement, solubility, salivary pH

Comparison of Microleakage in Nanocomposite and Amalgam as a Crown Foundation Material Luted with Different Luting Cements under CAD-CAM Milled Metal Crowns: An In Vitro Microscopic Study.

Microleakage is a persistent problem despite advancement in materials and techniques in fixed prosthodontics. This leads to the importance of sound crown foundation material and luting agents used to maintain the marginal seal. The literature is deficient with studies, comparing microleakage under various crown foundation materials and luting agents, especially with CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) metal crowns. This study was aimed to compare microleakage in a nanocomposite/dentinal bonding agent and amalgam/cavity varnish as crown foundation materials luted with two different luting cements: resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement and self-adhesive resin cement, under both dry and contaminated conditions. A hundred intact, caries-free human molars were prepared to receive crown foundation material and extra coronal restorations. Amalgams with cavity varnish and nanocomposites with dentinal bonding agent in both ideal and contaminated conditions were used as crown foundation materials. After restoration, each sample was cemented with a CAD-CAM milled metal crown using two different luting agents—resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement and self-adhesive resin cements both in ideal and contaminated conditions. Cementation was followed by thermocycling of samples, immersion in erythrosine B dye, embedding in clear auto polymerizing acrylic resin and sectioning to evaluate microleakage using stereomicroscope. The mean microleakage between different luting cements on the experimental side of the facial surface was 137.64 μm and 211.01 μm for resin-reinforced GIC and for self-adhesive resin cement was 119.78 μm and 150.42 μm, under ideal and contaminated condition, respectively. There was a significant difference in mean micro-leakage between different crown foundation material and cement groups used in the study. The composites and amalgam, both when used as crown foundation material and luted with use of technically advanced CAD-CAM metal crown with self-adhesive resin cement (in both ideal or contaminated condition), showed less microleakage than in resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement. Overall, the self-adhesive resin cement showed comparatively reduced microleakage in all combinations with different crown foundations. Thus, this combination can be used in daily clinical practice to provide better protection from further decay.

Acid resistance of self-adhesive resin luting cements – changes in surface texture parameters and microhardness

ObjectivesWhen consumed in excess, acidic foods and beverages can cause dental erosions leading to irreversible loss of tooth substance. In many cases, prosthetic rehabilitation of the damaged teeth is mandatory. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate, for the first time on this scale, the resistance of various commonly used self-adhesive resin luting cements (Bifix SE, VOCO; G-Cem LinkAce, GC; RelyX Unicem, 3 M Oral Care; SpeedCEM Plus, Ivoclar ) against acidic media, and to find out whether they can withstand long-term exposure. These results were compared with an adhesive resin luting cement (Panavia V5, Kuraray) that functioned as reference gold standard. Furthermore we applied area roughness parameters for surface texture analysis in the present investigation, to highlight their advantages for investigations on the surface quality of resin luting cements. MethodsSix specimens with identical diameter (10 mm) and thickness (3 mm) were prepared from each self-adhesive and adhesive resin luting cement and forwarded to an incubation in various acidic media for a period of 232 h. Conductivity and pH-values of each acidic medium was analyzed for each material group prior (t 0) and after exposure (t 1). The specimens were examined for Vickers microhardness and surface quality. For the evaluation of surface roughness, the parameters Sa, Sdr, Spc Spk, Sk, and Svk were investigated by using different filtered surfaces (S-L; S-F) according to ISO 25 178. Statistical analysis was conducted at a significance level of α = 0.050. ResultsFor the evaluation of the acid resistance of self-adhesive resin luting cements investigations on conductivity and pH-value assessment of storage solution appear unsuitable, while the assessment of microhardness and surface analysis revealed valid data. It could be shown that changes in surface texture of the resin luting cements can be determinend in qualitative and quantitative manner. While the microhardness and surface quality of some resin luting cements hardly changed, others showed significantly reduced values in microhardness and changes in their surface quality (p < 0.001). SignificanceThe data of the current study emphasize the relevance of interactions between resin luting cements and acids and suggest further laboratory and clinical studies to elucidate its impact on the clinical performance of the materials investigated

Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Resin Luting Cement with Tooth-colored Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study

Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Resin Luting Cement with Tooth-colored Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study

Evaluation of Coronal Micro-Leakage of Fiber Post with Different Luting Cements (In Vitro Study)

Evaluation of Coronal Micro-Leakage of Fiber Post with Different Luting Cements (In Vitro Study)

A comparative study of retention of cement retained implant prosthesis cemented with different luting cements

Purpose: The study was conducted to evaluate the retentiveness of specifically formulated implant cements and compare its retentiveness with a commonly used noneugenol zinc oxide luting cement and also to assess the influence of abutment height on the retentiveness of these cements. Materials and Methods: A master stainless steel mold was used to mount snappy abutment-implant analog complex in acrylic resin. A total of six stock abutments (Osstem TS®) of 4 mm and 5.5 mm height with their analogs were used. A total of 66 ceramill® Sintron metal copings fabricated using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system and divided into six groups (n = 11) according to the height (three 4 mm abutment and three 5.5 mm abutment). The cements that were compared were a Noneugenol zinc oxide provisional cement , Dual Cure Resin Cement and a Zinc Phosphate Cement . After cementation samples were immersed in artificial saliva for 7 days and subjected to a pull-out test using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The load required to de-cement each coping was recorded and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, post hoc multiple comparison, and independent t-test.

Preference for Using Posts to Restore Endodontically Treated Teeth among Dentists in College of Dentistry/ Hawler Medical University

Objective: Traditional restorative approaches are being modified as newer materials become available and patient preferences shift. The purpose of the study was to see if dentists' preferences for using posts and other materials associated to post used to restore endodontically treated teeth are influenced by practical experience, whether measured by the length of clinical practice time or level of specialty. &#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with dentists (n = 108) working at Hawler Medical University/College of Dentistry utilizing a questionnaire. Data on sociodemographics, clinical experience, postgraduate training, and post-endodontic restoration characteristics (posts/types of cement, rubber dam application) were obtained. The samples only included general and specialist dentists. A descriptive analysis was performed on the data. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test investigated the relationships. &#x0D; Results: The most chosen materials were metal posts (53.7 %) and resin cement (50 %). There was a statistically significant association between clinical practice duration and post-use type (P = 0.017). In addition, there was a highly significant relationship (P = 0.001) between clinical practice time, level of specialty, and the use of rubber dams. &#x0D; Conclusions: Dentists favored metal posts for post endodontic restorations, while resin-based cement was the preferred luting cement for the posts' cementation. Additional training and more clinical practice time were factors in several dental post-selection decisions.