Lutetium Ions Research Articles

Lanthanide complexes of a linear heptadentate ligand. Potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging

The complexes [Ln{2-OC 6H 4-CHNCH 2(CH 2NHCH 2) 3-CH 2NCHC 6H 4O-2′}(H 2O)]Cl· nH 2O (Ln = Lu, Gd) have been synthesized. The X-ray crystal structure of the lutetium complex reveals an eight-coordinate lutetium ion bound to two oxygens and five nitrogen atoms in the ligands and to a water molecule. The relaxivity of the gadolinium complex is comparable to that of [Gd(DTPA)(H 2O)] 2−.

Preparation and X-ray crystal structure determination of an octahedral polymeric lutetium compound with ciliatine; {Lu(PO 3HCH 2CH 2NH 3) 3(ClO 4) 3·3D 2O} n

The new octahedral compound of lutetium with ciliatine of the formula Lu(PO 3HCH 2CH 2NH 3) 3(ClO 4) 3·3D 2O was prepared in the form of single crystals from D 2O solutions and subjected to X-ray structure determination. Each lutetium ion is coordinated by six oxygen atoms from the phosphoric groups. The coordination polyhedron is an almost ideal octahedron with a mean Lu—O distance of 2.201(6) Å. The lutetium ions are bridged by two oxygen atoms from each of three phosphonic groups. In this manner the linear polymer is formed along the x axis.

XPS study of lutetium oxide samples with different hydration/carbonation degrees as a function of the preparation method

Two different air-aged lutetium oxide samples, ex-hydroxide and ex-oxalate, have been characterized by XPS. In the original samples there is an extensive contamination by CO 2- 3 OH - species (O(1s) and C(1s) at 531.6 and 289.4 eV respectively, while the O(1s) peak of O 2- ions of the lattice had a BE of 529.3 eV), which has been confirmed by comparison with the spectra of three different lutetium hydroxide/carbonate salts. Fitting of the Lu(4f) level with two doublets differing in energy by 1.2 eV (Lu(4f 7 2 ) BEs at 7.2 and 8.4 eV) has shown two types of lutetium ions coordinated, one by O 2- ions of the oxide framework and the other by CO 2- 3 OH - groups of the contaminating phase. “In situ” outgassing of samples at high temperatures (298< T<973 K) as well as CO 2 adsorption at 298 K have shown that both oxides present different carbonation/ hydration degrees depending on the preparation method.

ChemInform Abstract: Hydration of the Lutetium(III) Ion in Water Acetone Mixtures. A 1H und 35Cl NMR Study.

AbstractDie durch NMR‐Peakflächen‐Berechnungen erhaltene Hydratationszahl des Lu3+‐Ions in Aceton‐H2O‐Gemischen bei niedrigen Temp. (≈︁‐95°C) nimmt mit steigenden Lu(ClO4)3‐ und ClO4‐‐Konzentrationen sowie mit steigendem Aceton/H2O‐Verhältnis ab.

On the hydration of the lutetium(III) Ion in water acetone mixtures. A 1h and 35Cl NMR study

The hydration of the Lu 3+. ion was studied by 1H- and 35ClNMR spectroscopic methods in water- acetone mixtures at low temperatures. The observed hydration number obtained by the 'NMR peak-area' method is not constant, but decreases with increasing Lu(C10 4) 3 and C10 4 − ion concentrations, as well as with rising acetone-to-water ratio. The hydration number obtained for 2.92 M, 2.00 M, 1.17 M, 0.82 M and 0.49 M Lu(C10 4) 3 solutions are 6.3 ± 0.12, 6.5 ± 0.12, 7.2 ± 0.2, 7.9 ± 0.17 and 8.7 ± 0.45, respectively. From these data, a primary hydration number n h ≥ 9 can be deduced for dilute solutions. The decrease of the hydration number with increasing Lu(C10 4) 3 and acetone concentration can be explained assuming the coordination of the CIO 4 − ions in the inner shell of Lu 3+ and/or the decrease of the coordination number of Lu 3+ in more concentrated solutions, mainly due to water activity changes. The relaxation rate of the 35C1 nucleus of the perchlorate ion increases with the increase of the Lu 3+ concentration, consistent with the assumption of the perchlorate ion coordination.

Proton NMR studies of the coordination sites and of the ligand conformation in the aqueous solutions containing L-aspartic acid and lanthanum(III) or lutetium(III) ions

Proton NMR studies of the coordination sites and of the ligand conformation in the aqueous solutions containing L-aspartic acid and lanthanum(III) or lutetium(III) ions

ChemInform Abstract: THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF TRIS(2,2,6,6‐TETRAMETHYLHEPTANE‐3,5‐DIONATO)LUTETIUM(III)

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 7, Issue 24 Physical Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF TRIS(2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYLHEPTANE-3,5-DIONATO)LUTETIUM(III) SHIGEKI ONUMA, SHIGEKI ONUMASearch for more papers by this authorHIRONAO INOUE, HIRONAO INOUESearch for more papers by this authorSHUZO SHIBATA, SHUZO SHIBATASearch for more papers by this author SHIGEKI ONUMA, SHIGEKI ONUMASearch for more papers by this authorHIRONAO INOUE, HIRONAO INOUESearch for more papers by this authorSHUZO SHIBATA, SHUZO SHIBATASearch for more papers by this author First published: June 15, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197624066AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume7, Issue24June 15, 1976 RelatedInformation

ChemInform Abstract: ANALYSIS OF THE ELUTION CURVE IN ELUTING LUTETIUM FROM CATION‐EXCHANGER WITH α‐HYDROXYISOBUTYRIC ACID

AbstractDas Verhalten von Lu bei der Elution von einer Kationenaustauschersäule mit einer sauren α‐Hydroxybuttersäurelösung (pH 3,7) wird als Funktion des Verteilungsverhältnisses von Lu in der Säule (Harz/ Lösung), der Fließgeschwindigkeit, der Temperatur und der Lu‐Menge analysiert.

The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato)lutetium(III)

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato)lutetium(III) has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The space group is Pmn21, and the unit cell is orthorhombic with a=17.713(4), b=10.638(2), c=9.973(3) Å, and Z=2. The structure is isomorphous with the erbium analogue. The atomic parameters of the molecule (except for hydrogen atoms) were refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method to an R of 0.053. Three chelate rings are planar. One of them lies in the crystallographic mirror plane, and the other two rings are symmetrically related to each other with respect to this mirror plane. Six oxygen atoms of the three β-diketones form a distorted trigonal prism around the central lutetium ion, the average Lu–O distance being 2.19 Å.

Analysis of the Elution Curve in Eluting Lutetium from Cation-Exchanger with α-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid

Abstract The elution behavior of lutetium from a cation-exchange column with α-hydroxyisobutyric acid solution (pH 3.77) was studied as a function of column distribution ratio of lutetium, flow rate, temperature and amount of lutetium. The elution curve fitted the normal distribution when the flow rate was smaller than 40 cm hr−1 for 0.14 M of the eluant, 60 cm h−1 for 0.12 M and 120 cm h−1 for 0.10 M. However, the normal distribution and constancy of the peak position could not be maintained when the amount of lutetium exceeded 200 μg cm−2. Within the range 15–35 °C, the peak position appeared late and the elution curve became sharper with temperature rise, but the diffusion coefficients remained constant. The value of the height equivalent to the theoretical plate was determined from the position and width of the elution peak which varied as a function of the flow rate. The diffusion coefficients of lutetium ions in the ion-exchange resin and the solution were calculated to be 2.6×10−7−6.4×10−9λ″ cm2s−1 and 4.2×10−5λ″ cm2s−1, respectively, according to Glueckauf’s theoretical equation, where λ″ is the column distribution ratio of lutetium ions. The experimental results make it possible to construct an elution curve for any column distribution ratio of lutetium in the range 2–20, temperature and flow rate.

Kinetic studies on isotopic exchange between lutetium ion and its ethylenediaminetetraacetate

The thermal exchange reaction between lutenium ion and its EDTA complex in aqueous solution was studied in a pH range of 4·0–6·0 and concentrations of Lutetium ion and complex of the order of 10 −3–10 −4 M. The rate was found to be proportional to [H +] 1·0–1·5 and [LuY] 1·0, and to be influenced slightly by the concentration of lutetium ion. Slight dependence on ionic strength was also observed in an ionic strength range of 0·02–0·2. Apparent activation energies 10·2 kcal mole −1 and 11·6 kcal mole −1 were obtained at pH 5·8 and 4·5, respectively. The rate of exchange in a pH value higher than 4·0 is expressed by: R mole 1. −1 min −1=k1[ LuY][ H +]+k′ 2[ LuY][ H +] 2+k′ 4[ LuY][ H +] 3+k 5[ LuY][ Lu 3+]+k′ 6[ LuY]x[ H +][ Lu 3+] where κ 1, κ′ 2, κ′ 4, κ 5 and τ' 6 are 14 mole −1 min −1, 1·5 × 10 6 1 2 mole −2 min −1, 4·2 × 10 10 1 3 mole −3 min −1, 2·2 × 10 −2 1 mole −1 min −1 and 7·5 × 10 3 1 2 mole −2 min −1 at 25°C in 0·01 M ammonium acetate buffer solution. Under the conditions studied the reaction via the protonation process is predominant and the bimolecular collision process is minor. Spontaneous dissociation process can be ignored.

The Solvent Extraction of Europium Ions with Benzoyltrifluoroacetone. The Synergistic Effect of Oxygen- and Nitrogen-containing Solvents

Abstract The Synergistic effect of many kinds of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing solvents on the extraction of europium ions with benzoyltrifluoroacetone in n hexane has been studied. The addition of alcohols, esters, ketones amines and heterocyclic compounds enhances the extraction, and in general, the solvents with longer carbon chain, especially alcohols and amines, have the larger synergistic effects. At a constant benzoyltrifluoroacetone concentration, the logarithm of the distribution coefficients is linear with pH. The slope of the log D vs. pH plot is about 1.5 in the extraction with 0.05 m benzoyltrifluoroacetone in n hexane, but it is 2 in the presence of 0.04m oxygencontaining compound and 3 in the presence of 0.04 m nitrogen-containing compound. It may be considered that europium benzoyltrifluoroacetonate forms some adducts with these oxygen-or nitrogen-containing lewis bases, and that the coordination of nitrogen-containing lewis bases to the chelates is stronger than that of oxygen containing ones.Since the solvent extraction of neodymium and lutetium ions with β-diketones is performed as well as that of europium ions, it seems to be a favorable procedure for the extraction of rare earth ions with β-diketones to utilize the adduct formation between β-diketonates and active oxygen- or nitrogen -containing Lewis bases.

A study of conduction electron polarisation in ferromagnetic gadolinium using perturbation of γ - γ correlations

Lutetium nuclei, within trivalent lutetium ions, situated as dilute impurities in ferromagnetic gadolinium were used as a probe to estimate the local polarization of the conduction electrons. The sign and magnitude of the magnetic field acting on the lutetium nuclei were obtained using the technique of measuring the perturbation of the angular correlation of a cascade of nuclear gamma rays. The magnetic field at the dilute lutetium nuclei was found to be - 1.8 x 10/sup 5/ oersted at 87 deg K, extrapolating to --2.0 x 10/sup 5/ oersted at magnetic saturation, the negative sign indicating a field opposite to the gadolinium magnetization. (R.E.U.)