Lutetium Ions Research Articles

Application of Novel Gill Cell Line from Lates calcarifer for Recognizing Metals Using Probes.

Lates calcarifer (Bloch) is a potential candidate fish species for culture in marine and brackishwater. A continuous gill cell line was derived from L. calcarifer by the explant culture method and has been passaged for 132 times, in Leibovitz's L-15 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 28°C. The cells showed a rate of recovery between 90 and 95% after being successfully cryopreserved at various passage levels and formed monolayer in 2-3days without any morphological changes. Immunophenotypic analysis of the SBG cell line revealed that they are of epithelial origin. Polymerase chain reaction assay using mitochondrial 12S rRNA primer specific to L. calcarifer was used to confirm the authenticity of the established gill cell line origin from seabass. The transfection efficiency was evaluated in Seabass Gill (SBG) cell line using pEGFP-N1 and Lipofectamine™ 3000. Transfection efficiency was found to be between 13 and 16%. The cytotoxicity of three different metal detecting probes was evaluated by MTT and Alamar blue assays to determine safe concentration. The result revealed that SBG cell line can be applied for recognition of metals using probes. The current study established, for the first time, a gill-derived cell line (SBG) from Lates calcarifer and its application for the detection of intracellular indium, mercury, and lutetium ions by specific fluorescent probes.

Crystal structure of tetra-phenyl phosphate tetra-kis-[dimethyl (2,2,2-tri-chloro-acet-yl)phos-pho-ramidato]lutetium(III), PPh4[LuL4

A lutetium(III) complex based on the anion of the ligand dimethyl (2,2,2-tri-chloro-acet-yl)phospho-ramidate (HL) and tetra-phenylphosphonium, of composition PPh4[LuL 4] (L = CAPh = carbacyl-amido-phosphate), or (C24H20)[Lu(C4H6Cl3NO4P)4], has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The X-ray diffraction study of the compound revealed that the lutetium ion is surrounded by four bis-chelating CAPh ligands, forming the complex anion [LuL 4]- with a coordination number of 8[O] for LuIII, while PPh4 + serves as a counter-ion. The coordination geometry around the Lu3+ ion was determined to be a nearly perfect triangular dodeca-hedron. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c, with four mol-ecules in the unit cell. Weak hydrogen bonds O⋯HC(Ph), Cl⋯HC(Ph) and N⋯HC(Ph) are formed between the cations and anions. For a comparative study, HL-based structures were retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and their geometries and conformations are discussed. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was also performed.

Enhanced Lutetium Ion Sorption from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Ion Exchangers.

The growing demand for rare earth elements (REE) requires the search for economically viable materials to efficiently recover REE from various solutions. Our research aims to investigate the potential of using a combination of the ion exchangers Lewatit CNP LF (in H+ form) and AV-17-8 (in OH- form) as an interpolymer system, "Lewatit CNP LF@AV-17-8" (X:Y), with varying mass ratios of X:Y to enhance the sorption efficiency of lutetium ions from nitrate solution. During the study, we used a range of analytical methodologies, including gravimetry, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Our findings demonstrate that the interpolymer system "Lewatit CNP LF@AV-17-8" (X:Y), with a mass ratio of 4:2, exhibited a significantly enhanced sorption rate of Lu3+ ions (42%) compared to the individual Lewatit CNP LF (6:0) (25%) and the individual AV-17-8 (0:6) (21%) over a 48 h period. Moreover, this interpolymer system has demonstrated notable conformity to the Freundlich adsorption model, highlighting its performance as an effective sorbent for lutetium (III) ions. Notably, our study presents a novel utilization of the interpolymer system "Lewatit CNP LF@AV-17-8" (4:2), with an adsorption capacity of 221.05 mg/g, to enhance the recovery of lutetium ions. The research findings demonstrate its potential for enhancing the recovery of REE.

FEATURES OF EXTRACTION OF LUTETIUM AND SCANDIUM IONS BY THE INTERPOLYMER SYSTEMS LEWATIT CNP LF-AB-17-8

Interpolymer systems based on ion exchange resins Lewatit CNP LF and AB-17-8were used to separate metal ions from sample solutions containing lutetium and scandium.The researchaimsto achieve maximum absorption of lutetium and scandium ions by using the remote interaction effect of macromolecular polymers.Methodology.Jenway-6305 spectrophotometer (SK) was used to determine the residual concentration of metal ions in the solution.The obtained resultsshow that individual polymers Lewatit(6:0) and AB-17-8 (0:6) do not have a higher absorption of lutetium ions (24.96% and 21.13%, respectively) rather than interpolymer systems. The maximum degree of extraction of lutetium ions is observed at a ratio of 4:2.The maximum values of the degree of absorption of scandium ions are observed at ratios of 5:1 and 1:5.As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that with an increase in the amount of one polymer in the interpolymer pair, the degree of binding of the second polymer to the metal ion increases. The LewatitCNP LFcation exchanger has a binding degree of 2.99 mg/mol in a ratio of 6:0, and with an increase in the amount of anion exchanger AB-17-8 by 5times, the binding degree of the cation exchanger in a ratio of 1:5 has increased to13.84 mg/mol. The binding degree of AB-17-8 in the ratio of 0:6 increased from 2.03 mg/mol to 12.20 mg/mol witharatio of interpolymer systems of 5:1.The degree of binding of the cation exchanger with the lutetium ion increased by 4.5 times, and the degree of binding of the anion exchanger increased by 6times.Conclusion.The results obtained show the possibility of using interpolymer systems for the extraction of lutetium and scandium ions from industrial aqueous solutions.

Doping effect on structural, morphological and magnetic properties of YbMnO3 compound with non-magnetic Lutetium ion

The present study presents an analysis of the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of multiferroic YbMnO3 (YBO) due to Lu doping. YbMnO3 (YBO) and Yb0.85Lu0.15MnO3 (YBLu) were prepared using a conventional solid state reaction method. The investigation employed techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Effect Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of both samples confirmed the growth of these samples in a polycrystalline single hexagonal phase having space group P63cm with no detectable impurities. The evaluation of crystalline parameters, such as lattice parameters, cell volume, specific bond lengths etc. has been carried out. The Lu-doped sample shows a minor reduction in cell parameters and cell volume which can be attributed to the smaller ionic radius of Lu3+. Lu doping in YBO results in slight shift in Raman Lines towards slightly frequencies which is the result of a small change in the average bond length. The effective magnetic moment of YBLu is found to decrease ∼6 % and the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature TN nearly remains the same because Lu3+ has zero magnetic moment. Both samples show ferri/ferromagnetic behaviour below 5 K due to the ordering of the Yb3+ lattice.

Ion-induced enhanced fluorescence colorimetric hydrogel sensor for visual quantization of doxycycline

The potential hazard to human health caused by antibiotic residues demands a rapid and sensitive detection method. However, the current rapid methods, such as paper-based sensors with reduced detection sensitivity caused by probe solidification due to printing, affect detection accuracy. Here, a hydrogel sensor has been prepared by an ion-induced enhanced optical probe using lutetium ions (Lu3+) coordinated with CdTe quantum dots (QDs). The hydrogel integrates the advantages of the liquid-phase in- situ detection environment and higher accuracy. With the addition of doxycycline (Dox), the β-diketone structure of Dox forms complexes with Lu3+, leading to a change in the Dox molecular structure, and absorbs electrons from QDs that provide a significant color change from red to green. The probe reacts within 2 s with a limit of detection (LOD) of 36.6 nM. Integrated with the advantages of the hydrogel and color analyzer app, the LOD achieved 53.7 nM, which is close to the detection sensitivity in water. On this basis, a smartphone sensing platform has been constructed for the rapid, visual and quantitative analysis of Dox. The hydrogel-based sensing method for rapid visual quantification detection of Dox provides a new strategy for food safety detection.

Adsorption of yttrium(III), neodymium(III), gadolinium(III), samarium(III), and lutetium(III) ions using 8-hydroxyquinoline intercalated bentonite

Adsorption of yttrium(III), neodymium(III), gadolinium(III), samarium(III), and lutetium(III) ions using 8-hydroxyquinoline intercalated bentonite

Tailoring the pore size of expanded porphyrinoids for lanthanide selectivity.

Despite increase in demand, capacity for the recycling of rare earth elements remains limited, partly due to the inefficiencies with processes currently utilised in the separation of lanthanides. This study highlights the potential use of expanded porphyrinoids in lanthanide separation through selective binding, dependent on the tailored pore size of the macrocycle. Each emerging trend is subjected to multi-factored analysis to decompose the underlying source. Results promote the viability of size-based separation with preferential binding of larger lanthanum(iii) ions to amethyrin and isoamethyrin macrocycles, while smaller macrocycles such as pentaphyrin(0.0.0.0.0) present a preferential binding of lutetium(iii) ions. Additionally, the porphyrin(2.2.2.2) macrocycle shows a selectivity for gadolinium(iii) ions over both larger and smaller ions. An upper limit of applicable pore size is shown to be ≈2.8 Å, beyond which the formed complexes are predicted to be less stable than the corresponding nitrate complexes.

Assessing sustainable Lutetium(III) ions adsorption and recovery using novel composite hybrid nanomaterials

Organic ligand-based sustainable composite hybrid material (CMHs) was prepared for the sensitive and selective adsorption of Lutetium (Lu(III)) from waste samples. The hard and soft donor organic ligand of (3-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)benzylidene) hydrazinyl)benzoic acid (MBHB) was immobilized according to the direct approach. The carrier silica and ligand-embedded CMHs were characterized systematically. The adsorption of Lu(III) ion was significantly influenced by the solution pH due to the protonation form of the synthesized organic ligand. However, the slightly acidic pH (4.0) was chosen for sensitive and selective separation and adsorption of Lu(III) ions. The co-existing diverse metal ions were not interfered with during the adsorption of the Lu(III) ion because of the high affinity of the Lu(III) ion to CMHs at the optimum experimental protocol. It was expected that the bond distance between Lu-O was shorter than the other bond length of Lu-N atoms of the organic ligand. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was defined according to the morphology of the material and implemented to validate the adsorption isotherms according to the homogeneous ordered structures. The adsorption capacity was 171.76 mg/g as expected due to the high surface area of the CMHs. The adsorbed Lu(III) ion was completely eluted from the CHMs with the eluent of 0.35 M HNO3 and the regenerated material was used in several cycles without significant loss in its original performances. Therefore, it is expected that the ligand-based CMHs may hold huge potential in applications and may be scaled up for commercial applications, including specific separation, adsorption, and recovery of Lu(III) ions from waste samples.

Tuned-Potential Covalent organic framework Electrochemiluminescence platform for lutetium analysis

Mechanism diagram. Through the structural design at the molecular level, the ECL-COF with electrocatalytic performance and excellent electronic structure was obtained, which display an adjustable easily potential ECL platform. Meanwhile, the advanced COF’ECL platform was developed for accurate monitoring of Lu 3+ , indicating the inestimable application potential of COFs in environment field. • The azine-linked COFs are prepared for precise ECL performance regulation. • COFs display decrease of reduction potential and increase of intensity in ECL. • Introducing nitrogen into COFs bring electrocatalysis for ECL enhancement. • COFs show efficiently carrier transport for improving ECL. • A novel COF-ECL platform is structured for Lu 3+ detection. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a novel class of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) materials on account of its highly tunable structure and versatile properties. However, decoding the ECL property and its luminophor structure to improve the luminous performance remains challenging, which hinders its deeper development and wider application. Herein, by condensing triphenylarene aldehydes with varying number of nitrogen atoms with 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarbonitrile, a series of COFs were prepared to regulate the ECL potential, opening up a new way to precisely improve ECL performance. The electron and spatial changes in the precursor are transferred to the generated COFs skeleton, resulting in a progressively decrease in the reduction potential and a gradual increase intensity in ECL with the precise increase of nitrogen content in the skeleton. Introduction of nitrogen into COFs brings electrocatalysis and planarization of the framework for more efficiently carrier transport. The conclusion is confirmed by optical, electrical tests, as well as density functional theory calculations. As a proof-of-methodology, an ECL method was developed for the selective determination of lutetium ion with a detection limit as low as 1.6 nM (S/N = 3). This work exhibits that the advanced potential-tunable ECL-COFs can be obtained accurately and easily through design structure at the molecular level, which is expected to promote the exploration of the relationship between ECL potential and framework structure, and further apply to environment-related sensing analysis.

Role of the Dilution of the Gd Sublattice in Forming the Scintillation Properties of Quaternary (Gd,Lu)3Al2Ga3O12: Ce Ceramics

Technological factors and processes contributing to the scintillation mechanism have been considered in quaternary garnet ceramics doped with Ce(Gd,Lu)3Al2Ga3O12. The super-stoichiometric additive of gadolinium in the material composition or its co-doping with a low concentration of Mg were found to be effective tools to suppress phosphorescence in the quaternary garnet, confirming that it is not an intrinsic property of the material. The Monte-Carlo simulation of electronic excitation transfer demonstrates that the hopping migration along the gadolinium sublattice plays an essential role in forming the scintillation kinetic parameters. Breaking the integrity of the gadolinium sublattice by substitution with heavier lutetium ions increases the role of self-trapped states in the excitation of Ce3+ ions, which ensures both an increase in the fraction of short ~20 ns and very long ~600 ns components in the scintillation kinetics.

H2O coordination in macropa complexes of f elements (Ac, La, Lu): feasibility of the 11th coordination site

The feasibility of an additional ligand coordination at the 11th coordination site of actinium, lanthanum, and lutetium ions in 10-fold coordinated macropa complexes has been studied by means of density functional theory calculations. The study covered the two main macropa conformers, Δ(δλδ)(δλδ) and Δ(λδλ)(λδλ), favoured by larger (Ac3+, La3+) and smaller (Lu3+) ions, respectively. At the molecular level, the coordination of H2O is the most favourable to the largest Ac3+ while only slightly less to La3+. Protonation of the picoline arms enhances the coordination by shifting the metal ion closer to the open site of the ligand. The choice of macropa conformer has only a slight influence on the strength and bonding properties of the H2O coordination. Aqueous solution environment decreases considerably the energy gain of H2O coordination at the 11th coordination site.

Unraveling the valence states of manganese ions and the effects of composition variation and post-processing in YGG1-x-LuGGx:Mn garnet optical sensor

Transition metal manganese ions possess multiple valence states, and the change of local coordination environments would seriously influence their energy-level schemes and luminescence properties. Herein, YGG1-x-LuGGx:Mn garnet phosphors were proposed, the valence states of manganese ions and the effects of composition variation and post-processing were investigated systematically. Based on the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectral analysis and XPS survey, the existing manganese ions are verified as Mn3+ and Mn4+. And both co-doping of Zr4+ ions and reduction processing can enhance and weaken the emissions of Mn3+ and Mn4+, respectively. Besides, introducing lutetium ions causes a PL blueshift of the two kinds of manganese ions and raises the resistance to thermally induced fluorescence quenching of Mn3+. Moreover, as for LuGG:Mn, the reduction treatment gives rise to a new garnet phase with a larger lattice parameter than that of the LuGG phase because of the existence of the LuGa antisite-defects. Finally, the combination of Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions demonstrates outstanding temperature sensing performance, further verifying the application potential of YGG1-x-LuGGx:Mn phosphors in optical thermometry.

Tying different knots in a molecular strand.

The properties of knots are exploited in a range of applications, from shoelaces to the knots used for climbing, fishing and sailing1. Although knots are found in DNA and proteins2, and form randomly in other long polymer chains3,4, methods for tying5 different sorts of knots in a synthetic nanoscale strand are lacking. Molecular knots of high symmetry have previously been synthesized by using non-covalent interactions to assemble and entangle molecular chains6-15, but in such instances the template and/or strand structure intrinsically determines topology, which means that only one type of knot is usually possible. Here we show that interspersing coordination sites for different metal ions within an artificial molecular strand enables it to be tied into multiple knots. Three topoisomers-an unknot (01) macrocycle, a trefoil (31) knot6-15, and a three-twist (52) knot-were each selectively prepared from the same molecular strand by using transition-metal and lanthanide ions to guide chain folding in a manner reminiscent of the action of protein chaperones16. We find that the metal-ion-induced folding can proceed with stereoinduction: in the case of one knot, a lanthanide(III)-coordinated crossing pattern formed only with a copper(I)-coordinated crossing of particular handedness. In an unanticipated finding, metal-ion coordination was also found to translocate an entanglement from one region of a knotted molecular structure to another, resulting in an increase in writhe (topological strain) in the new knotted conformation. The knot topology affects the chemical properties of the strand: whereas the tighter 52 knot can bind two different metal ions simultaneously, the looser 31 isomer can bind only either one copper(I) ion or one lutetium(III) ion. The ability to tie nanoscale chains into different knots offers opportunities to explore the modification of the structure and properties of synthetic oligomers, polymers and supramolecules.

Macromolecular approach for targeted radioimmunotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Polymers are an attractive anchoring platform for the synthesis of radioimmunoconjugates. They enable independent control over the amount of radioisotope loading and antibody attachment, which is pivotal in developing tailorable formulations for personalised medicine. Herein, we report the synthesis of p(HEMA-ran-GMA) for the conjugation of lutetium ions and rituximab as a functional platform for radioimmunotherapy. We demonstrate the suitability of this platform using non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells.

Securing a Supramolecular Architecture by Tying a Stopper Knot.

We report on a rotaxane‐like architecture secured by the in situ tying of an overhand knot in the tris(2,6‐pyridyldicarboxamide) region of the axle through complexation with a lanthanide ion (Lu3+). The increase in steric bulk caused by the knotting locks a crown ether onto the thread. Removal of the lutetium ion unties the knot, and when the axle binding site for the ring is deactivated, the macrocycle spontaneously dethreads. When the binding interaction is switched on again, the crown ether rethreads over the 10 nm length of the untangled strand. The overhand knot can be retied, relocking the threaded structure, by once again adding lutetium ions.

Securing a Supramolecular Architecture by Tying a Stopper Knot

AbstractWe report on a rotaxane‐like architecture secured by the in situ tying of an overhand knot in the tris(2,6‐pyridyldicarboxamide) region of the axle through complexation with a lanthanide ion (Lu3+). The increase in steric bulk caused by the knotting locks a crown ether onto the thread. Removal of the lutetium ion unties the knot, and when the axle binding site for the ring is deactivated, the macrocycle spontaneously dethreads. When the binding interaction is switched on again, the crown ether rethreads over the 10 nm length of the untangled strand. The overhand knot can be retied, relocking the threaded structure, by once again adding lutetium ions.

Collective Infrared Excitation in LuB12 Cage-Glass

By measuring room temperature infrared (40–35000 cm–1) reflectivity of metallic LuB12 single crystals with different isotopic compositions (natB, 10B, 11B), we find that to model the spectrum we had to introduce, additionally to Drude free-carrier component, a broad excitation with unusually large dielectric contribution (Δe = 8000 ± 4000), which is characterized by a non-Lorentzian lineshape. It is suggested that the origin of the excitation is connected with cooperative dynamics of Jahn–Teller active B12 molecules producing quasilocal vibrations (rattling modes) of caged lutetium ions. The coupling of the Lu3+ rattling motions with the charge carriers of conduction band is proposed to be the reason of strongly damped character of the excitation.

Coordination mode of the N-[bis(diethylamino)phosphoryl]benzenesulfonamide ligand in Lu(III) and Ag(I) complexes. Mass spectra, thermal properties and DFT calculations

The sulfonylamidophosphate ligand C6H5SO2NHPO(N(C2H5)2)2 (HL) has been used for the synthesis of two novel complexes: LuL3 (1) and (AgL)n (2). According to an X-ray diffraction study, in the structure of HL, the molecules are linked into polymeric chains by strong N–H⋯O = P hydrogen bonds. The three acido-ligands (L−) in the structure of 1 are coordinated to the lutetium ion in a bidentate-chelate manner via two oxygen atoms of the phosphoryl and sulfonyl groups, forming six-membered metallocycles, which adopt a boat conformation. In the structure of 2, the ligand is coordinated in the bidentate-bridging mode via the oxygen atom of the phosphoryl group and the nitrogen atom of the imide group; the chelate adopts a twist-boat conformation. The thermal behavior of the complexes 1 and 2 was studied by means of TG analysis. Results of IR-spectroscopy and LDI, ESI MS are discussed and compared with those obtained from DFT calculations.

Lu2@C2n (2n = 82, 84, 86): Crystallographic Evidence of Direct Lu-Lu Bonding between Two Divalent Lutetium Ions Inside Fullerene Cages.

Although most of the M2C2n-type metallofullerenes (EMFs) tend to form carbide cluster EMFs, we report herein that Lu-containing EMFs Lu2C2n (2n = 82, 84, 86) are actually dimetallofullerenes (di-EMFs), namely, Lu2@Cs(6)-C82, Lu2@C3v(8)-C82, Lu2@D2d(23)-C84, and Lu2@C2v(9)-C86. Unambiguous X-ray results demonstrate the formation of a Lu-Lu single bond between two lutetium ions which transfers four electrons in total to the fullerene cages, thus resulting in a formal divalent state for each Lu ion. Population analysis indicates that each Lu atom formally donates a 5d electron and a 6s electron to the cage with the remaining 6s electron shared with the other Lu atom to form a Lu-Lu single bond so that only four electrons are transferred to the fullerene cages with the formal divalent valence for each lutetium ion. Accordingly, we confirmed both experimentally and theoretically that the dominating formation of di-EMFs is thermodynamically very favorable for Lu2C2n isomers.