Lupinus Research Articles

Seed coat thickness differentiation and genetic polymorphism for lupinus mutabilis sweet breeding

The paper investigates seed coat characteristics in L. mutabilis, a potential forage crop. In the study twelve genotypes, including three epigonal lines KW-5, KW-10, Pop.1 and lines with traditional type of growth XM.5, Pop.15 LM.13, LM.34, ‘Potosi’, Mut-45, Mut-160, Mut-136, Mut-628 were evaluated. The highest seed coat percentage was recorded in mutant line Mut-160 and the lowest was noted for mutant line Mut-45. The statistical significance relationship between seed coat thickness and 1000 seeds weight was not notice. It’s gives capabilities for selection of favorable genotypes in breeding process. In order to illustrate genetic diversity among the genotypes tested, 24 ISSR primers and 6 pairs of AFLP primers were used. They generated a total of 685 polymorphic amplification products in 12 evaluated Andean lupin genotypes. The products characteristic only for the finest seed coat lines Mut-45 were detected as well as for the thickness seed coat line Mut-160.

The Relationship Between Ants and Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) at Concord Pine Barrens, NH, USA.

The Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis Nabokov) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a federally listed, endangered species that has experienced dramatic decline over its historic range. In surviving populations, Karner blue butterflies have a facultative mutualism with ants that could be critically important to their survival where their populations are threatened by habitat loss or disturbance. In this study, we investigated the effects of ants, wild blue lupine population status (native or restored), and fire on adult Karner blue butterfly abundance at the Concord Pine Barrens, NH, USA. Ant frequency (the number of times we collected each ant species in our pitfall traps) was higher in restored than native lupine treatments regardless of burn status during both Karner blue butterfly broods, and the trend was statistically significant during the second brood. We observed a positive relationship between adult Karner blue butterfly abundance and ant frequency during the first brood, particularly on native lupine, regardless of burn treatment. During the second brood, adult Karner blue butterfly abundance and ant frequency were not significantly correlated in any treatments or their combinations. Our findings suggest that a combination of native and restored lupine is important for supporting both Karner blue butterflies and ants at the Concord Pine Barrens, and that burning does not affect the mutualism. Thus, scientists and managers at the site may wish to target their habitat management activities to best support both Karner blue butterflies and the particular ant species that provide the greatest benefit to their survival.

Efecto del tratamiento térmico sobre la composición química y minerales en semillas de lupinos silvestres

Wild lupine consumption has restrictions due to the presence of alkaloids; however, these components can be reduced with a suitable thermal treatment. The ai...

Initial Plant Growth in Sand Mine Spoil Amended with Organic Materials

Sand dunes in the Great Lakes Basin are ecologically and economically important. One economic value of sand dunes is sand mining. However, sand mining activities reduce soil quality which represents an impediment to reclamation efforts. Soil quality improvements followed by revegetation may be necessary for successful reclamation. This study evaluates the germination and initial growth of two legume species, wild lupine ( Lupinus perennis ) and Illinois bundleflower ( Desmanthus illinoensis ), and two warm-season grass species, Indian grass ( Sorghastrum nutans ) and little bluestem ( Schizachyrium scoparium ), in the presence of three soil amendments (coco peat, municipal sewage sludge, and sphagnum peat moss) added to spoil from a local sand mine. Species were grown in pots and propagated under greenhouse conditions. Our results indicate that lupine and Illinois bundleflower exhibited the greatest germination and growth and are recommended as potential candidates for the reclamation of sand mines. Indian grass and little bluestem exhibited low rates of germination and growth. Among spoil amendments, we recommend coco peat based on germination and root, shoot, and total biomass results. Peat moss also exhibited increased rates of germination and growth. We did not observe any germination success for seeds sown in sewage sludge amended spoil. The lack of germination in the sewage sludge amendment may be due to a combination of unfavorable abiotic and biotic soil conditions such as electrical conductivity, pH, or soil microbial activity. Our results are helpful in determining which species and amendment combinations are useful candidates for revegetating former sand mines or similar habitats.

American bison influences on lepidopteran and wild blue lupine distribution in an oak savanna landscape

The natural influences of American bison have been virtually eliminated from the North American landscape, making it difficult to study native grassland ecosystems. The Sandhill Wildlife Area provides a unique opportunity to study this once-natural phenomenon in an oak savanna landscape. This area is home to the largest known population of the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly. We evaluated lepidopteran and lupine distribution relative to cover types and generated statistical models to predict occupancy and abundance relative to in situ groundcover variables as well as American bison related habitat variables. Overall variance of lepidopteran populations was best explained by increasing nectar and forb cover (29.4 % occurrence explained), while lepidopterans excluding Karner blues were further associated with decreasing cover of shrubs/trees (25.8 % occurrence, 59.8 % abundance explained) and were more likely to occur in areas of disturbance cover type. Karner blue occurrence was best explained (41.6 %) by increasing nectar and forb cover and an increasing number of bison chips (indicative of the recent presence of bison). Karner blue females, specifically, were more likely to be present in areas of wallow cover type and were best explained by increasing nectar plant cover (33.4 % occurrence, 60.1 % abundance explained) and increasing shrub cover. Females were also associated with an increasing number of bison chips, number of wallows and total size of wallows. Karner blue male occupancy were best explained (40.7 %) by increasing nectar cover and increasing number of bison chips. Lupine was significantly less likely to occur in areas of shrubs/trees cover. Lupine was explained (55.7 % occupancy and 88.2 % abundance), by the decreasing cover of shrubs/trees, and by the cover of nectar, forbs, and grass, and total size of wallows. We conclude that the activities caused by bison reduce the overall woody growth and produce improved habitat for nectar plants and especially for disturbance-dependent lupine, and subsequently enhance habitat for lepidopterans. Karner blues were significantly related to bison activities, suggesting that improved management techniques should consider mimicking megaherbivore activities through increased disturbance frequency and increase mineral-soil disturbance.

Contrasting Rhizobium inoculation requirements of zero-tannin faba bean and narrow-leafed lupin in western Canada

Lopetinsky, K. J., Lupwayi, N. Z., Olson, M. A., Akter, Z. and Clayton, G. W. 2014. Contrasting Rhizobium inoculation requirements of zero-tannin faba bean and narrow-leafed lupin in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1117-1123. Zero-tannin faba bean (Vicia faba minor) and narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) have shown potential as new pulse crops in Alberta cropping systems, but their inoculation requirements to maximize biological N2 fixation (BNF) are unknown. We conducted a 6 site-year study to compare the effects of several commercial rhizobial inoculant products (eight for faba bean and three for lupin) in different formulations (granular, peat and liquid) on nodulation, N accumulation, grain yield and grain protein of the two crops. The liquid and peat formulations were applied to the seed, while the granular inoculant was applied to the soil. Inoculation had no significant effects on nodulation, grain yield and seed weight of faba bean in all site-years. Un-inoculated and inoculated plants nodulated equally well, suggesting the presence of adequate populations of effective indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae for nodulation of untreated plants. The indingenous rhizobia could have originated from previous field pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops or leguminous native plants/weeds. By contrast, narrow-leafed lupin responded to inoculation in all site-years, and poor nodulation of un-inoculated plants indicated inadequate populations of indigenous R. lupini for nodulation in the soils. The seed-applied peat inoculant Nitragin Lupin and the soil-applied granular inoculant Soil Implant Lupin were equally effective in increasing nodulation relative to the un-inoculated control in 3 of 5 site-years (nodulation was not assessed in 1 site-year). However, relative to the un-inoculated control, Nitragin Lupin increased grain yields in 4 of 6 site-years compared with 1 of 5 for Soil Implant Lupin (and 2 of 6 for seed-applied TagTeam Lupin). These results show that faba bean probably does not require inoculation in these soils, although periodic checking is required to ensure that its high BNF potential is always realized, but narrow-leafed lupin needs to be inoculated with suitable inoculant products to increase BNF.

RUMINAL DEGRADATION OF AERIAL BIOMASS AND SEEDS OF WILD SPECIES OF Lupinus

M. Pablo-Perez, L.C. Lagunes-Espinoza, J. Ramos-Juarez, J. Lopez-Upton, E.M. ArandaIbanez, and L. Vargas-Villamil. 2014. Ruminal degradation of aerial biomass and seeds of wild species of Lupinus. Cienc. Inv. Agr. 41(1): 5-12. Ruminal degradation of dry matter (DMD) and crude protein (CPD) for aerial biomass at the flowering stage and for the seeds of L. campestris, L. exaltatus, L. hintonii and L. montanus was determined using the nylon bag technique with two fistulated steers in five incubation times (3, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h), including a sample of soybean paste (SP). The data obtained were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS for repeated measures. The results showed interactions between species and incubation time for DMD and CPD. Among species of lupine, a high DMD and CPD of seeds were observed after three hours of incubation. At 48 h, DMD and CPD did not show significant variation between species: DMD ranged from 94.3% to 96.7% and CPD from 98.9 to 99.2%. The degradation rate of the insoluble fraction of the DM (kd) in lupine seeds ranged from 6.3 to 8.1% h -1 , while that of the soluble fraction (SF) ranged from 42.3 to 57.3%, lower value that observed in SP. The DMD and CPD of aerial biomass showed statistically significant differences between species at 48 h of incubation. L. hintonii showed the lowest DMD (69.6%) and CPD (88.9%). L. montanus and L. campestris showed a lower SF and kd (kd of 5.4% h -1 in both, and 35.4 and 37.2 for SF, respectively) and high CPD of aerial biomass. It is concluded that the DM and CP of seeds and biomass of wild lupine were highly degradable as of 3 h of incubation. At 48 h, there were statistically significant differences between DMD and CPD of aboveground biomass (AGB). L. campestris and L. exaltatus showed the highest DMD and CPD of AGB and similar DMD and CPD of seeds.

Effect of partial substitution of soybean meal with lupine seeds in feeding laying hens on production and economic performance

800x600 Research has aimed to establish the effect of partial substitution of soybean meal protein with lupine flour free of alkaloids in feeding laying hens on egg quantity and quality of consumption, and the economic efficiency of application of this new feeding solutions. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized experimental design consisted of four treatments randomly assigned to four groups of hens in the shed for 34 weeks. Lot Lc (control) was fed a diet of corn and soy srot. The experimental diets were used with different levels of substitution of soy protein meals lupine beans (-40% low, medium and high -60% -80% for groups E1, E2 and E3 respectively). We have used white lupine beans, variety Energy (coming from France), grown in specific climatic conditions of the western part of Romania. All diets were formulated to contain similar levels of metabolizable energy, crude protein and amino acids boundaries. The results show that substituting soy protein lupine meals in proportion of 40%, 60% and 80% (corresponding batches E1, E2 and E3) in feed for laying hens for egg consumption had negative effects on quantitative indicators egg production, egg size except that significantly (p <0.05) when soy protein meals were substitued to 80% of protein from lupine beans (for E3). Lupin negatively affected feed intake, the effects being more evident in the experimental group E3. Decreased food intake was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the size of eggs, so that the degree of recovery of the food did not register differences between groups. Introducing lupin hens feeding and reduce the loss caused soybean cakes cost price of fodder by 20%, leading to an increase in net profit in the experimental groups, with up to 36.11% compared with controls (LC). Normal 0 21 false false false RO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Predation and pigments: examining alydid seed predation on Lupinus perennis

Predation and pigments: examining alydid seed predation on Lupinus perennis

COMPARISON OF COASTAL DUNE SCRUB IN ISRAEL AND CALIFORNIA: PHYSIOGNOMY, ASSOCIATION PATTERNS, SPECIES RICHNESS, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT Coastal dune scrub near Caesarea, Israel was quantitatively described from quadrats placed in 10 sites, ranging from pioneer to near-climax communities. Sampling intensity was greatest in a mixed shrub community (Artemisia monosperma, Helianthemum stipulation, Retama raetam) characteristic of stabilized dunes in the study area. Artemisia canopy had much less effect on the distribution of understory species than Retama and Helianthemum canopies. The sampled flora of 131 taxa was dominated by Leguminosae, Gramineae, and Compositae. About 45% of the flora had Mediterranean affinities, 17% coastal (mostly endemic to Israel), and 16% desert. California dune scrub from Point Reyes and Vandenberg areas was also sampled. The two sites are climatically similar to Caesarea, but both experience summer fog which lowers summer temperatures below those at Caesarea. Climax scrub was dominated by Lupinus arboreus and Haplopappus ericoides at Point Reyes, by H. ericoides associated with L. chamissonis, Core- thro...

Hypoglycemic effect of cooked Lupinus mutabilis and its purified alkaloids in subjects with type-2 diabetes.

Developing countries are experiencing an epidemic of chronic non-communicable chronic diseases with high socio-economic costs. Studies of traditional foods with beneficial health properties could contribute to diminish these problems. Legumes rich in proteins like Lupinus mutabilis decreases blood glucose and improves insulin sensitivity in animals and humans. We report the results of a phase II clinical trial conducted to assess the role of cooked L. mutabilis and its purified alkaloids on blood glucose and insulin in volunteers with diabetes. Results indicate that consumption of cooked L. mutabilis or its purified alkaloids decreased blood glucose and insulin levels. The decreases in serum glucose concentrations from base line to 90 minutes were statistically significant within both treatment groups; however, there were not differences between groups. Serum insulin levels were also decreased in both groups however the differences were not statistically significant. None of the volunteers in either group presented side effects.

Pivotal role of Indole-3-Acetic acid in the senescence and flower absicission of Lupinus mutabilis L. Sweet

Pivotal role of Indole-3-Acetic acid in the senescence and flower absicission of Lupinus mutabilis L. Sweet

Impact of Seed Predation by Mice on Wild Lupine in and near Oak Savannas

Wild blue lupine (Lupinus perennis) in the Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio is an important nitrogen fixer and serves as an essential food source for the federally endangered Karner Blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis). In order to examine potential factors that might be affecting mice predation on wild blue lupine seeds in oak savannas, we used seed trays placed in the open or on the forested edge to estimate seed predation rate. We recorded management histories, performed vegetation surveys, and used GIS to find spatial variables related to prescribed burning and edge to assess how they affect seed predation. Our major findings were that seed removal by mice for the summer averaged across sites was 22%, seed removal varied significantly across time (P < 0.05), and was more likely in areas with increased crypto-biotic crust (P < 0.0001). Seed predation rates increased under more prescribed burns over the last 10 y (P = 0.034) and 19 years (P = 0.0001). This leads us to support current management practices of a rotation of prescribed burning in open to partially closed canopy areas to create a balance between promoting lupine growth and minimal seed predation.

The effectiveness and the selectivity of herbicides applied in tillage blue lupinSkuteczność i selektywność herbicydów stosowanych w uprawie łubinu wąskolistnego

Summary In 2008–2010 at the qualification of influence was the aim of investigations tillage systems and weed control methods on effectiveness of destruction of the weed air‐dry mass as well as the influence of damage herbicides applied in the blue lupine tillage. In 2008–2010 a field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Farm Zawady of the University of Natural Sciences and Hummanities in Siedlce. The experiment was set up in split‐plot design with four replications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of weed regulation in blue lupin crops with the use of: I – different tillage systems (conventional and simplified) and II – five weed control methods. Phytotoxicity of applied herbicides to the plants of blue lupin was also taken into consideration. The best results in weed controlling were obtained after the use of the herbicide mixture: Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC + Metron 700 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC at both dates of observations, and its efficacy amounted to 81.7 and 53.3% respectively. The results the studies revealed that the efficacy of weed regulation in blue lupin crops depended on such factors as tillage systems, applied herbicides and their mixtures and weather conditions.

Efecto hipoglicemiante de Lupinus mutabilis en voluntarios sanos y sujetos con disglicemia

Metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes are increasing health problems that negatively affect health care systems worldwide. There is a constant urge to develop new therapies with better effects, lower side effects at lower prices to treat these diseases. Lupinus species and their derivates are good candidates to be used as hypoglycaemic agents. A phase II clinical trial was conducted to assess the role of raw Lupinus mutabilis on blood glucose and insulin in normoglycemic and dysglycemic subjects. Results show that consumption of L. mutabilis by normal weight healthy young individuals did not change importantly blood glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, consumption of similar doses of lupinus by dysglycemic individuals (fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL) decreased significantly blood glucose. Lupinus effects were greater in those subjects with higher basal glucose levels. Glucose lowering effects of lupinus were not observed after soy intake that was used as control. A statistically significant reduction in insulin levels was also observed in the lupinus group compared with the soy group after 60 minutes of treatment. Furthermore, only treatment with lupinus improved insulin resistance in dysglycemic subjects. These data demonstrate that lupinus consumption could be a feasible and low cost alternative to treat chronic hyperglycemic diseases.

On substantiating Indo-European *wḷHos ’wolf’ in Celtic, Continental and Insular

According to some linguists, the IE word for ’ wolf’, * wlkhos, has been replaced in Celtic languages by new expressions, such as the periphrastic Irish mac tíre ’ son of the land’, probably calqued on a pre-Indo-European substratum. But IE *wlkhos is nevertheless attested in Continental Celtic, though the exact meaning of Gaulish Catuuolkos is still disputed, ’ hawk of battle’ or ’ wolf of battle’. According to J. Koch, the meaning was originally ’ beast of prey’, later specialized into ’ hawk’ (cf. W. gwalch). After reviewing possible reflexes in Irish onomastics (Ogham Ulccagni, Old Irish Olcán, Olc Aiche etc.), the author argues we would have the same reflex in Modern Irish greim madra uilc ’ mad dog bite’ and, in an early Scottish expression, ón chuaine alla uilc ’ from the wild lupine pack’ (in a poem from the Book of the Dean of Lismore).

Replicating Life Cycle of Early‐Maturing Species in the Timing of Restoration Seeding Improves Establishment and Community Diversity

Tallgrass prairie is among the most endangered ecosystems in North America. High‐diversity restorations protect remnant habitat and expand native communities. Excluding land acquisition, the most expensive step in restoration is procuring seed. Given this cost, managers want to maximize seedling establishment. Native species that flower and ripen early in the growing season are included in a diverse seeding mix but as a group they have not successfully established. For early‐maturing species, the practice of storing seeds in a cold room from harvest until sowing in the dormant season effectively eliminates exposure to the summer conditions seeds would naturally have in the wild. In this study, we compared the effect of summer sowing timing and winter sowing timing on establishment in field conditions. In August 2004 and December 2004, we broadcast a seed mix of seven early‐maturing species: Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richardson. (Pussy toes), Arabis lyrata L. (Sand cress), Carex swanii (Fernald) Mack. (Downy green sedge), Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Hér. (Old plainsman), Lupinus perennis L. ssp. perennis var. occidentalis S. Watson. (Wild lupine), Phlox bifida Beck. (Sand phlox) and Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth. (Porcupine grass). We collected data on establishment and reproductive success at 12 time points from June 2005 until October 2008. Species established one growing season sooner when planted at the summer sowing time, and diversity in the summer sowing plots was higher after 4 years. Quicker establishment may have benefits such as providing early competition from weeds that may outweigh additional effort required to ensure timely planting.

LC-MSMS Profiling of Flavonoid Conjugates in Wild Mexican Lupine, Lupinus reflexus

Profiles of flavonoid conjugates present in the root and leaf tissues of the Mexican wild lupine, Lupinus reflexus, were established using two LC-MSMS systems in the positive and negative ion modes. The ion trap mass spectrometer and quadrupole time-of flight instrument provided sequential MS(n) spectra and MSMS spectra with accurate m/z values of [M + H](+) and [M - H] (-) ions, respectively. Sixty-two flavone and isoflavone glycoconjugates were found and tentatively identified. Numerous isomeric or isobaric compounds with the same molecular mass could be differentiated. Isomeric di- and mono glucosides of biochanin A, genistein, 2'-hydroxygenistein, luteone, and 2,3-didehydrokievitone were distinguished on the basis of relative abundances of product ions. The studied flavonoid glycoconjugates were acylated with dicarboxylic aliphatic acids and their methyl esters at either the aglycone or glycosidic moiety.

Field studies on the sociology of the hyena-hunting dog (Lycaon pictus lupinus Thomas 1902)

Inhalt: Einleitung S. 495. - A. Untersuchungsmethode S. 496. - B. Biotop und Struktur des Rudels S. 497. - C. Laute S. 499. - D. Korperpflege S. 500. - E. Sozialverhalten: 1. Brutpflege S. 501. — 2. Ernahrungsgemeinschaft S. 510. — 3. Begegnungen innerhalb des Rudels S. 512. — 4. Soziale Struktur des Rudels S. 515. — Begegnungen mit fremden Artgenossen S. 518. — F. Jugendentwicklung S. 519. — G. Verhalten gegen Huftiere: 1. Allgemeines S. 523. — 2. Jagdverhalten S. 524. — H. Verhalten gegenuber Raubtieren: 1. Lowen S. 529. — 2. Hyanen S. 532. — 3. Schakale und Geier S. 534. — I. Das Sicherungsverhalten S. 535. — K. Die 24-Stunden-Aktivitat S. 536. — L. Kurzer Vergleich mit dem Wolf S. 538. — Zusammenfassung S. 539. — Summary S. 540. — Literatur S. 541.

Reintroduction of Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis L.) Depends on Variation in Canopy, Vegetation, and Litter Cover

Abstract We experimentally examined the effects of canopy, vegetation, and leaf litter cover on the demography of Wild lupines (Lupinus perennis) in a central North American oak savanna spanning 9 years. We also compared the distribution of Wild lupine across the landscape to results predicted by the demographic experiments. With less canopy cover, soil temperatures were warmer and seedlings emerged earlier. Seedling survival increased 14% with each additional leaf grown. Seedling survival was four times greater in openings and partial shade than in dense shade. Seedling survival was also influenced by interactions between canopy cover and vegetation cover, between canopy cover and leaf litter, and among canopy cover, vegetation cover, and litter cover. In openings, seedlings had higher survival when vegetative cover was present, suggesting a positive shading effect on survival, but with greater canopy cover vegetative cover reduced survival. Seedling survival was greater for plants that experienced herbivory, a result that was probably related to plant size and quality rather than having been eaten. Survival of lupines to 9 years after seed planting was greatest in the partial shade, moderate in openings, and least in dense shade. Wild lupine cover across the landscape was greatest when litter cover was low and canopy cover and ground layer cover were moderate. Reduction of canopy cover by burning or cutting, and reduction of leaf litter by prescribed burning will benefit the reintroduction of Wild lupine by increasing light, reducing litter cover, and creating disturbances; however, the reduction of vegetation cover in openings may hinder lupine reintroduction.