Lung Hydatid Cysts Research Articles

Management Outcome in Simple and Complex Hydatid Cysts of Lung.

Introduction: Hydatid cyst (HC) of lung is a frequently encountered entity in Pakistan. The clinical and radiological manifestations of HC in lung depend on the integrity of the cyst. Patients may remain asymptomatic for years in cases of simple HC or may present with a wide variety of complications when it ruptures. The aim of this study was to compare management outcomes in simple and complex HCs.Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted from February 2019 until May 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: simple HC (Group A) and complex HC (Group B). Preoperative complications, surgical procedures, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, duration of chest tube placement and need for readmission were noted and compared between the two groups. All data was processed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).Results: Sixty-two patients were included out of which Group A had 28 (45.2%) patients and Group B had 34 (54.8%) patients. There were 39 (62.9%) males and 23 (37.1%) females. The mean age was 31.11 ± 11.02 years. Preoperative complications in Group B included empyema seen in 10 (28.5%) patients, rupture of cyst into bronchus in 8 (23.5%), biliopleural fistula in 4 (11.7%), hydropneumothorax in 2 (5.8%), bronchopleural fistula in 1 (2.9%), airway compromise in 1 (2.9%) and pneumonia in 1 (2.9%) patient. Group B required longer days of chest tube placement, longer intensive care unit stay and longer hospital stay (p<0.001). The frequency of postoperative intervention was more in group B (p<0.05), therefore requiring readmission.Conclusion: Surgery has favorable outcomes in the management of HC of lung. Complications associated with complex HC not only requires preoperative intervention like chest tubes but can also lead to life-threatening complications. There is also a frequent need for additional procedures during surgery in cases with complex HC along with greater risk of postoperative complications. All these are associated with prolonged hospital stay, readmissions and greater morbidity. Hence, early diagnosis and referral is needed to avoid these preventable complications associated with cyst rupture.

Giant hydatid lung cyst in non-endemic area

Abstract Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis in which humans are involved as an intermediate host. It is a very common pathology in the areas of Eastern Europe and Asia, where the main activity is represented by pastoralism and animal breeding. In humans, the most frequently affected sites are the liver (60–70%) and lungs (20–30%), manifesting themselves with symptoms such as abdominal pain, coughing, dyspnea, hemoptysis, up to cases of anaphylactic shock. In Italy it is not a common disease with an incidence of 2:100.000 inhabitants, and it's extremely rare in pediatric population. In this work we presented a case of a 11-years male patient came for a persistent cough, to whom was found a giant cystic mass in the thorax. Serological tests confirmed the diagnosis of echinococcosis. Patient underwent to thoracotomy to remove the cyst and he begun the antiparasitic therapy. Post-operative outcome was good and the patient is, until now, free of problems. Echinococcosis is a challenging problem for a pediatric surgeon, especially in non-endemic area, not only because it is not a common disease in pediatric population, but also for the surgical management that can presents some difficulties and complications in the post-operative course.

Ruptured Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report

Hydatid cyst disease (hydatidosis or echinococcosis) is an important parasitic disease in all societies engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, where environmental health and preventive medicine measures are insufficient. There are four different types of echinococci. The most common ones are echinococcus granulosus, which causes cystic echinococcosis, and echinococcus multilocularis, which causes alveolar echinococcosis. Lung hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection caused by larval forms (metacestode) of echinococcus granulosus. In our case, a 77-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with cough sputum and high fever. Thorax tomography was performed for further examination and treatment. The patient was hospitalized for thoracic surgery. This case is presented to emphasize the importance of physical examination and imaging methods in patients presenting to the emergency department with classic upper respiratory tract infection or community-acquired pneumonia clinic.

Giant isolated hydatid lung cyst: two\xa0case reports\xa0

BackgroundEchinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus and causes cystic lesions in the liver and lungs commonly. It is endemic in many parts of the world, and though humans are incidental hosts of the parasite, the disease can have severe consequences.Case presentationWe present two patients from pastoralist (Maasai) communities in rural Tanzania with long-standing chest pain accompanied by hemoptysis. Both were managed surgically after diagnosis, but one patient died of the complications following rapture of the cyst during surgery. Histopathological evaluation of the specimens confirmed the diagnosis of giant hydatid cysts.ConclusionAnimal-keeping communities such as the Maasai are at risk of echinococcosis because of their close proximity to animals. The diagnosis can be made on the basis of history and radiological as well as laboratory findings. Surgery is a recommended mode of treatment, though it carries a high risk, especially when the cyst ruptures. Primary preventive measures are thus necessary in order to avoid the secondary and tertiary complications of the management of giant hydatid cysts, which is difficult in resource-limited endemic areas.

Hepatopulmonary hydatidosis in a 2 year old boy - Thoracoscopy and laparoscopy for management

Hydiatidosis is an endemic pathology in several countries of the world and represents a public health problem. It is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus granulosus. Here, we present a case of a two year old boy with hepatopulmonaryhydatidosis with cysts in left lung and left lobe of liver treated with minimal access surgery. The boy was brought with the complaints of fever, abdominal pain and decreased appetite. There was a history of contact with a pet dog since 6 months. Investigations showed leukocytosis with eosinophilia. Computed tomography showed hepatic and left lung hydatid cysts. Treatment of the case included thoracoscopy and laparoscopy in a single surgery. The patient recovered well after the surgery. Hepatopulmonary hydatidosis is rare in children. Minimal access surgery for the management of hydatid disease is feasible and safe in well selected cases • Hepatopulmonary hydatidosis is a rare in children. • Single surgery for management of multiple site hydatid cysts is effective in decreasing hospital stay and financial burden. • Minimal access surgery is safe and enhances recovery in the treatment of hydatid disease in children.

Uncommon Locations of Cystic Echinococcosis: A Report of 46 Cases from Southern Iran.

Background Most cases of hydatid cysts form in the liver and lung and other tissues are considered as unusual locations in hydatid cysts. The current study aimed to find out the rate and features of hydatid cysts in uncommon locations in Fars Province, Southern Iran, over a 15-year period. Methods The hospital records of patients who underwent surgery for hydatid cysts in university-affiliated hospitals in Fars Province, Southern Iran, from 2004 to 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, clinical and demographical data were recorded. Results During a 15-year period, a total of 501 patients were surgically treated for hydatid cysts, and out of these, 46 (9.2%) were presented with the unusual locations of hydatid disease. Males constituted 28 (60.9%) of these patients while 18 (39.1%) of the patients were females. The patients' age ranged from 5 to 80 years (mean = 40.49; SD = 20.37). The size of the cysts ranged from 2 to 20 cm (mean = 8.69, SD = 4.59). The most common unusual location for the hydatid cyst was the spleen with 30.4% of cases, followed by the pelvic cavity (15.2%). Out of 46 cases with unusual location of the hydatid cyst, 10 (21.7%) cases had lung, 22 (47.8%) cases had liver, and 5 (10.9%) cases had both liver and lung hydatid cysts, simultaneously with cysts in unusual locations. Conclusion In cystic echinococcosis- (CE) endemic areas, hydatid disease can affect any organ, from head to toe, in humans. The disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any cystic entities anywhere in the body.

Intrapulmonary mature cystic teratoma of the lung: case report of a rare entity

BackgroundIntrapulmonary teratoma (IPT) is a rare type of extra gonadal teratoma which often presents with non-specific symptoms and can be misdiagnosed as other diseases. Here we report a patient with IPT which was initially misdiagnosed as lung hydatid cyst versus abscess.Case presentationWe report an intrapulmonary teratoma in a 27-year-old female presenting with persistent chest pain and dyspnea since a few years prior to her admission with associated symptoms of cough and fever. Chest x-ray only showed left side massive pleural effusion and computed tomography scan of the lungs was suggestive of hydatid cyst or a lung abscess. She underwent lobectomy and postoperative histopathological study revealed IPT as the final diagnosis.ConclusionDue to the non-specific symptoms and rarity, IPT can be easily misdiagnosed at first. It is essential that physicians take into account the possibility of IPT when approaching a new case of lung mass.

MANAGEMENT OF LUNG HYDATID DISEASE: REVIEW OF 100 CASES FROM THI-QAR / IRAQ

&nbsp; Objective: To present the advantages of elimination of the residual cavity after lung hydatid cyst removal by capitonnage associated with closure of the bronchial openings and partial pericystectomy via thoracotomy and to compare our study made at Al – Hussein Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar governorate with those done in other centers and hospitals in Iraq and outside our country. Patients: This is a retrospective study of 100 patients for whom thoracotomy for lung hydatid cyst(s) was carried out over a period of about three years (from 1st of January 2013 till 1st of February 2016). Methods: The case sheets of relevant patients for whom thoracotomy for lung hydatid cyst(s) were carried out were reviewed to collect information like patient's sex, age, nature of surgery, method of obliteration of residual cavity after removal of hydatid cyst(s), etc… Results: All patients were admitted into Al-Hussein teaching hospital and thoracotomy was done for all of them regardless the age. Most of our patients suffered only from lung hydatid cyst(s) and several patients had also concomitant liver hydatid cyst(s) for which phrenotomy was carried out at the same session of thoracotomy to deal with the liver hydatid cyst(s). This concomitant phrenotomy to deal with the liver hydatid cyst(s) made the patient in no need for another surgery (laparotomy) in the future and the number of incisions and operations. A large number of our patients had no or mild symptoms&nbsp;&nbsp; at time of examination. Higher number of patients had cough and several patients complained from hemoptysis. All patients were exposed to chest X-ray, chest CT – scan and abdominal U/S before surgery. During the operation, the hydatid cyst(s) was/were removed and the evacuation technique was most commonly applied and lobectomy was very rarely carried out. After removal of hydatid cyst(s), the residual cavity was mostly obliterated (capitonnage) to prevent collection of blood, exudate and possibly pus inside residual cavity and to seal the bronchial fistulae completely and ensure rapid expansion of lung. Conclusions: Pulmonary hydatid disease is endemic in Iraq and is diagnosed by imaging investigations and can be treated with minimal morbidity and mortality by lung preserving surgery. Elimination of the residual cavity after hydatid cyst removal by capitonnage was most commonly carried out. Hydatid disease affects children and young aged people and the management is always by surgery and there is no way for conservative treatment except for dead and calcified hydatid cysts.

Left lung and liver hydatid cyst: managed in single surgery

A 35 years male presented with history of pain left chest wall associated with cough, fever and blood in sputum on and off, complaint of pain in abdomen which was dull aching gradually progressive in nature since, 2 months. Radiologically diagnosed to have huge hydatid cysts both in left lung and liver. It is unusual to find such large cysts at multiple sites and organs as in this case. There are reports in the literature of staged management as well as simultaneous management of lung and liver hydatid cysts. Though concomitant cysts in lung and liver may be treated comfortably by one stage surgery. Here both cysts were enucleated in the same sitting by a combined thoracic and abdominal approach (left thoracotomy followed by laparotomy through right subcoastal incision). The technique is safe and results were comparable to two stage surgery. Albendazole treatment in post-operative period helps to prevent recurrence. This report emphasizes that surgical intervention for hydatid cysts at multiple sites done in a single stage is safe, lessens the financial burden and hospital stay by avoiding multiple surgeries and anaesthesia.

Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of hospitalized cases

BackgroundCystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered as a neglected disease with significant mortality and morbidity in most of the developing countries. The current study aimed to retrospectively assess the demographic and epidemiologic features of human CE surgical cases in a 15-year period in Fars province, southwestern Iran.MethodsA 15-year (2004–2018) retrospective study was conducted to find out the epidemiological and clinical picture of CE in patients who undergone surgeries for CE in two main hospitals in Fars Province, southwestern Iran. Hospital records were reviewed, and data were retrieved from each CE patient’s record.ResultsA total of 501 CE surgical cases were recorded during a 15-year period, corresponding to an average annual incidence of 33.4 and a surgical incidence rate of 0.74/100,000 population. Of these, 242 (48.6%) were male, and 256 (52.4%) were female. Patients’ age ranged from 2 to 96 years, with a mean age of 34.92 (± 19.87) years. A significantly higher rate of CE cases was noted in subject’s ≥ 50 years of age. The highest frequency of cases (62:12.5%) was recorded in the year 2017. The most commonly involved organs were liver (339 cases; 57.8%) and lung (279 cases; 47.6%). Concurrent involvement of two organs was seen in 58 (9.9%) cases of both lung and liver, 10 (1.6%) cases of lung and other locations (but not liver), and 23 (3.9%) cases of liver and other locations (but not lung). Reoperation was noted in 67 (13.4%) of the cases. The size of the lung hydatid cyst varied, ranging between 2 and 24 cm (mean = 7.33, SD = 3.737). The size of liver hydatid cysts ranged from 1 to 26 cm (mean 9.04, SD = 4.275).ConclusionThe findings of the current study demonstrated a nearly constant prevalence of CE during the last 15 years in southern Iran. Further studies are needed to find out the reasons behind the recurrence of the disease, which is substantial, in surgically-treated patients.

Molecular survey on cattle and sheep hydatidosis and first detection of Echinococcus canadensis (G6/G7) in sheep in Turkey.

Larval stage of genus Echinococcus is the causing agent for the zoonotic infection which is life threatening known as Echinococcosis. The purpose of this study was the identification, molecular analysis and characterization of Echinococcus spp. in sheep and cattle. The sampling was done from slaughterhouse of Elazig, Turkey. A total of 85 isolates (sheep, n = 19 and cattle, n = 66) have been collected after slaughtering. Following the gDNA isolation and PCR products of mt-CO1 gene (446 bp) of all the samples were sequenced. Out of 85 isolates, 84 were recognized as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and one sheep isolate was found as Echinococcus canadensis (G6/G7 ) which is identified for the first time in Turkey. However, single nucleotide polymorphism has been observed not only in samples of different animals but also in samples collected from the same cattle. Six liver and three lung hydatid cysts have been detected in cattle. Although no nucleotide differences have been observed in the liver samples, there was single nucleotide polymorphism (C→T) in 40th nucleotide of two lung cysts. As a result of haplotype analysis, 16 haplotypes of E. granulosus s.s. were detected in 66 cattle isolates whereas 7 haplotypes of E. granulosus s.s. were identified in 19 sheep samples.

Hydatid cysts of lung and axillary region mimic lung metastasis: A case repor

Hydatid cyst disease is one of the zoonoses caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus,mostly involving the liver and the lungs; but its complications can be seen in every site andorgan. Sometimes it can cause suspicious and complicated cases that mimic malignancy. Forinstance, axillary involvement of hydatid cyst is very rare. It is important to differentiate hydatidcyst disease from cancer, since it may show malignant features when pulmonary or other distantorgan involvement takes place. In this study, we present a case of multiple masses in the lungsand the axillary region in a 48-year-old woman. The ultrasonography was unable to detecthydatid cysts. Biological values were normal except for serum sodium (Na) and potassium (K);and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was negative. Hydatid cyst was diagnosedwhile taking a biopsy from the axillary tumor.

Cystectomy With or Without Capitonnage: Analysis of Outcome of 73 Cases in the Management of Hydatid Cyst of Lung

Cystectomy With or Without Capitonnage: Analysis of Outcome of 73 Cases in the Management of Hydatid Cyst of Lung

Concurrent brain and lung hydatid cyst in a paediatric patient: Anaesthetic challenges.

Concurrent brain and lung hydatid cyst in a paediatric patient: Anaesthetic challenges.

Lung Hydatid Cyst Surgical Treatment: Our Clinical Experience

Lung Hydatid Cyst Surgical Treatment: Our Clinical Experience

Perforated lung hydatid cyst presenting with tension pneumothorax and cardiac arrest.

Perforated lung hydatid cyst presenting with tension pneumothorax and cardiac arrest.

Effect of Single Versus Multiple Hydatid Cysts in Lung to Morbidity

Effect of Single Versus Multiple Hydatid Cysts in Lung to Morbidity

Experience with Video Assisted Tthoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Hydatid Cysts in Pediatric Patients

Experience with Video Assisted Tthoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Hydatid Cysts in Pediatric Patients

The diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in ruptured lung hydatid cysts.

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts indistinguishable from pulmonary masses on imaging techniques. Between January 2000 and January 2018, a total of 45 consecutive patients (27 males, 18 females; mean age 46.4±13.5 years; range, 23 to 78 years) who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy to establish the definitive diagnosis following radio-diagnostic procedures were retrospectively analyzed. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, preoperative diagnostic studies, bronchoscopic findings, and postoperative diagnosis were recorded. Endobronchial hyperemia (n=42) and purulent secretion (n=34) are the most common findings of bronchoscopy. The most specific finding was the presence of pieces of cystic membranes in 23 patients. Scolices were seen in five patients in bronchial aspirate. In one patient, both pieces of cystic membranes and scolices in bronchial aspirate were detected. The preliminary diagnosis of a hydatid cyst was made based on these findings in 28 patients (62.2%) preoperatively. The definitive diagnosis of a hydatid cyst was confirmed through thoracotomy in all patients. Bronchoscopy is a particularly valuable method in the definitive diagnosis of ruptured lung hydatid cysts. The definite diagnosis is based on the visualization of the endobronchial membrane during bronchoscopy or scolices in the bronchial aspirate. It can be also used to prevent complications such as bronchial dissemination and asphyxia due to intra-bronchial membrane pieces.

The Study of Histopathological Changes in Some of Intermediate Hosts Infected With Cystic Echinococcosis

The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in liver and lung of sheep, cattle and buffaloes, spleen of cattle and lung of human infected with cystic echinococcosis (Hydatidosis). The infected organs with hydatid cysts were collected from abattoir of Nassiriyah municipality in Thi-Qar province, southern of Iraq and preserved immediately in 10% formalin solution. The gross examination noticed that liver and lung more affected organs with infection of cystic echinococcosis, also harden area was observed around the hydatid cyst and all these cysts were unilocular. The present study showed that the defensive response of hosts represented by formation of massive fibrous layer which surrounded the hydatid cysts in liver, lung and spleen of sheep, cattle and buffaloes. The fibrosis surrounded the hydatid cyst in lung of human was noticed in this study, also the blood vessels in lung were affected by complications of hydatid cyst. The infiltration of inflammatory cells against expanding cysts was observed in liver of sheep and cattle infected with hydatid cysts. The calcification associated with fibrosis in liver of cattle and buffaloes infected with hydatid cysts was noticed while did not demonstrate in liver of sheep. The degeneration of hepatocytes and enlargement of bile duct was recorded in infected cattle. The histopathological changes in lungs of infected hosts represented by the dilatation of pulmonary alveoli in lung of sheep and cattle, also the cystic echinococcosis is affected on the bronchiole by proliferation of bronchial epithelium in cattle.