Lung Function Indices Research Articles

Role and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in ameliorating sepsis-induced acute lung injury based on PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP-induced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis

The study investigates the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg_1(GRg_1) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury(SALI). A murine model of SALI was created using cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) surgery, and mice were randomly assigned to groups for GRg_1 intervention. Survival and body weight changes were recorded, lung function was assessed with a non-invasive lung function test system, and lung tissue damage was evaluated through HE staining. The content and expression of inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. The activation and expression of apoptosis-related molecules cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(caspase-3), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax), and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4(ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP) were studied using Western blot and qRT-PCR. In addition, an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced lung alveolar epithelial cell injury was used, with the application of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer tunicamycin to validate the action mechanism of GRg_1. RESULTS:: indicated that, when compared to the model group, GRg_1 intervention significantly enhanced the survival time of CLP mice, mitigated body weight loss, and improved impaired lung function indices. The GRg_1-treated mice also displayed reduced lung tissue pathological scores, a reduced lung tissue wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lower protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), as well as the mRNA expressions of these cytokines in lung tissues, were decreased. There was a notable decrease in the proportion of apopto-tic alveolar epithelial cells, and down-regulated expressions of caspase-3, Bax, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP and up-regulated expression of Bcl-2 were observed. In vitro findings showed that the apoptosis-lowering and apoptosis-related protein down-regulating effects of GRg_1 were significantly inhibited with the co-application of tunicamycin. Altogether, GRg_1 reduces apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, inhibits inflammation in the lungs, alleviates lung injury, and enhances lung function, possibly through the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway.

Comparison of Serum Vitamin D Levels Between Asthmatics and Healthy Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background & Objective: Serum vitamin D3 plays a pivotal function not solely in managing mineral homeostasis but also in modulating allergic reactions, cancer and autoimmune diseases. It manages over 200 genes, thus governing cell replication, apoptosis and differentiation. Deficiency of Vitamin D3 in asthmatics is significantly correlated with increased airway sensitivity, impaired pulmonary functions, reduced management of asthma and insensitivity to corticosteroids. This research aimed to determine and compare serum levels of vitamin D3, counts of inflammatory cell, and lung function indices between asthmatics and healthy subjects in Lahore. Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study executed at the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, over a 1-year span, involving 60 asthmatic patients as sample and 30 healthy controls. Following a desired clinical assessment, pulmonary function evaluation was conducted using a spirometer, and blood samples were collected for the analysis of inflammatory cell counts and serum levels of vitamin D3. All data were inputted and examined utilizing SPSS version 22. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare differences in group medians. For Pairwise comparison of groups Mann Whitney U test was applied. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The serum vitamin D3 levels were significantly lower among asthmatics compared to controls. Additionally, all participants, including normal controls, exhibited severe vitamin D3 deficiency. Moreover, asthmatic subjects showed a significant decrease in lung function parameters. Conclusion: The vitamin D3 levels were significantly lower in asthmatics compared to the controls.

Association between waist circumference and lung function in American middle-aged and older adults: findings from NHANES 2007–2012

PurposeThere is a major epidemic of obesity, and many obese patients suffer from respiratory symptoms and disease. However, limited research explores the associations between abdominal obesity and lung function indices, yielding mixed results. This study aims to analyze the association between waist circumference (WC), an easily measurable marker of abdominal obesity, and lung function parameters in middle-aged and older adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsThis study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2007 to 2012, with a total sample size of 6089 individuals. A weighted multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between WC and three pulmonary function parameters. Additionally, a weighted generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting were applied to capture any potential nonlinear relationship within this association.ResultsAfter considering all confounding variables, it was observed that for each unit increase in WC, in males, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) increased by 23.687 ml, Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) increased by 12.029 ml, and the FEV1/FVC ratio decreased by 0.140%. In females, an increase in waist circumference by one unit resulted in an FVC increase of 6.583 ml and an FEV1 increase of 4.453 ml. In the overall population, each unit increase in waist circumference led to a FVC increase of 12.014 ml, an FEV1 increase of 6.557 ml, and a decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio by 0.076%. By constructing a smooth curve, we identified a positive correlation between waist circumference and FVC and FEV1. Conversely, there was a negative correlation between waist circumference and the FEV1/FVC ratio.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that in the fully adjusted model, waist circumference, independent of BMI, positively correlates with FVC and FEV1 while exhibiting a negative correlation with FEV1/FVC among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. These results underscore the importance of considering abdominal obesity as a potential factor influencing lung function in American middle-aged and older adults.

Clinical value of Vitamin-D combined with budesonide/formoterol and theophylline sodium glycinate sustained-release tablets in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

To explore the clinical value of Vitamin-D combined with budesonide/formoterol (BF) and theophylline sodium glycinate (TSG) sustained-release tablets in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Medical records of 114 patients with CODP, treated in Wenzhou Geriatric Hospital from October 2020 to February 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 59 received treatment with Vitamin-D combined with BF and TSG sustained-release tablets (Group-A), and 55 patients received treatment with BF combined with TSG sustained-release tablets (Group-B). Lung function indicators, blood gas status, inflammatory factors, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels before and after the treatment in both groups were collected. After the treatment, lung function indicators, blood gas status, inflammatory factors, FeNO, and 25 (OH) D levels in both groups were significantly improved compared to pretreatment levels, and were significantly better in the Group-A compared to Group-B (P<0.05). The combination of Vitamin-D, BF, and TSG sustained-release tablets can effectively regulate the blood gas status of patients with COPD, improve lung function, regulate FeNO and 25 (OH) D, and effectively downregulate the levels of inflammatory factors, thus reducing the degree of inflammatory response.

Effect of Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy with a Pulmonary Infection Control Window as a Ventilation Switching Indication in Combination with Atomizing Inhalation of Terbutaline on the Lung Function of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD.

We investigated how humidified high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) with a pulmonary infection control (PIC) window as a ventilation switching indication in combination with atomizing inhalation of terbutaline affects the lung function of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We examined 140 hospitalized AECOPD patients randomized to control and observation groups. Conventional supportive therapy and invasive mechanical ventilation with tracheal intubation were conducted in both groups, with a PIC window as the indication for ventilation switching. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) plus atomizing inhalation of terbutaline was used in the control group. In the observation group, HFNC combined with atomizing inhalation of terbutaline was used. Compared to the control group, after 48-hr treatment and treatment completion, the observation group had significantly increased levels of lung function indicators (maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV] plus forced vital capacity [FVC], p<0.05) and oxygen metabolism indicators (arterial oxygen partial pressure [PaO2], arterial oxygen content [CaO2], and oxygenation index, p<0.05). The comparison of the groups revealed that the levels of airway remodeling indicators (matrix metalloproteinase-2 [MMP-2], tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 [TIMP-2] plus MMP-9) and inflammatory indicators (interferon gamma [IFN-γ] together with interleukin-17 [IL-17], IL-10 and IL-4) were significantly lower after 48 h of treatment as well as after treatment completion (both p<0.05). These results demonstrate that HFNC with a PIC window as the indication for ventilation switching combined with atomizing inhalation of terbutaline can relieve the disorder of oxygen metabolism and correct airway hyper-reactivity.

The role of serum chloride ion in the prognosis of COPD

BackgroundAs exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one of the leading causes of hospitalization and are associated with significant mortality, it is particularly important to accurately assess the risk of exacerbations in COPD. Most of the current clinical biomarkers are related to inflammation and few consider how ion levels affect COPD. Chloride ion, the second most abundant serum electrolyte, has been shown to be associated with poor prognoses in several diseases, but their relationship with COPD remains unclear. MethodsIn total, 105 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD were recruited. Data on clinical characteristics, lung function, blood count, blood biochemistry, relevant scales including the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), BODE (BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, exercise capacity) index and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were collected from all patients for statistical analysis. ResultThere were significant differences in lung function indicators and disease severity in the low chloride ion subgroup compared with the high chloride ion subgroup. On multiple logistic regression analysis, chloride ion was an independent factor affecting lung function in COPD patients (OR=0.808, 95% CI: 0.708 - 0.922, p=0.002). The sensitivity of chloride ion in predicting COPD severity was 78%, the specificity was 63%, and the area under the curve was 0.734 (p<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that chloride ion was a stronger predictor in male and smoking patients. ConclusionsChloride ion was a novel prognostic biomarker for COPD, and low levels of chloride ion were independently associated with exacerbations in COPD patients.

The effect of telephone and short-message follow-ups on compliance and efficacy in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroid: A randomized controlled trial.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of telephone and short-message follow-ups on compliance and efficacy in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroids. A total of 120 children with moderate bronchial asthma who visited the Asthma Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were enrolled in the study. They were divided randomly into 3 groups based on the type of follow-up given: a combined telephone and short-message service (Tel + SMS) group, a SMS group, and a control group. After being followed up for 12 weeks, each child's asthma control level was assessed and their lung function was measured. The compliance rates of children in the Tel + SMS group and SMS group were 86.49% and 56.25%, respectively. The total effective rates of these 2 groups (94.59% and 75.0%, respectively) were significantly higher than the rate of the control group (P < .01). The lung function indicators of the children in all 3 groups were better than those before treatment, although only the Tel + SMS group and SMS group improved significantly (P < .05). The lung function indicators of the large and small airways in the Tel + SMS group and the SMS group were also significantly better than those of the control group (P < .01). The results of the study suggest that 1 of the causes of poor compliance in asthmatic children is fear of an adverse reaction to inhaled corticosteroids. Telephone and short-message follow-ups can increase compliance with inhaled corticosteroid treatment and improve the asthma control levels and lung function of asthmatic children.

WITHDRAWN: The Bufei Nashen pill inhibits the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway to regulate extracellular matrix deposition and improve COPD progression

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAccording to the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be classified as “cough,” “dyspnea,” or “lung distention disease.” Bufei Nashen pill (BFNSP) is a classic Chinese herbal formula with certain activity against the above syndromes. FNSP has previously been shown to improve clinical symptoms (cough, lumbar and knee weakness, tinnitus) in patients with occupationally related interstitial lung disease. Aim of the studyThere is a lack of convincing evidence supporting the use of BFNSP for the treatment of COPD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BFNSP on COPD and explore its underlying mechanisms. Materials and methodsLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to analyze the main components of BFNSP and BFNSP-containing serum. A COPD rat model was generated, and the rats were treated with different doses of BFNSP. Lung function indices were analyzed by a pulmonary function testing system, and lung histopathology was assessed by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy. The levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, MMP3, MMP-9, and TIMP1 in BALF and the levels of MMP3, MMP-9, TIMP1, and HA in serum were detected by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of Col-I, Col-III, and LN in lung tissues. RT‒qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, HIF-1α, MMP-9, TGF-β1, TIMP1, and ERK1/2 in lung tissue, and Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, HIF-1α, MMP-9, TGF-β1, TIMP1, and p-ERK1/2 in lung tissue. In addition, in vitro cellular assays were performed for validation. ResultsThe results showed that BFNSP effectively improved the functional status of pulmonary ventilation, attenuated pathological damage in lung tissue, inhibited the release of inflammatory factors, reduced extracellular matrix deposition, and inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway in lung tissue in COPD rats (P<0.05) and may alleviate COPD progression by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway. ConclusionBFNSP inhibits the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway to regulate extracellular matrix deposition and improve COPD progression.

Potential of exogenous melatonin administration to mitigate heat stress induce pathophysiology of chicken

Melatonin (MT) is an amine hormone secreted by the body that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate pathophysiological protection of MT in heat-stressed chickens. By modelling heat-stressed chickens and treating them with MT. After 21 days of administration, serum antioxidant enzymes, biochemical indices, inflammatory cytokine and heat-stress indices were detected, along with cardiopulmonary function indices and histological observations in chickens. The results show heat-stress induced a decrease (P <0.05) in body weight and an increase in body temperature, which was reversed after MT intervention. Treatment with MT inhibited (P <0.05) the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, serum heat shock protein 70, corticosterone, and elevated (P <0.05) the levels of biochemical factors total protein, albumin, globulin, and increased (P <0.05) the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in chicken serum caused by heat stress, and the best effect was observed with the medium dose of MT. The heat-stress caused cardiac atrophy and pulmonary congestion, decreased (P <0.05) the cardiac function indices creatine kinase isoenzyme, cardiac troponin I, angiotensin receptor I, creatine kinase and lung function indices myeloperoxidase, angiotensin-II, heat shock factor I, and increased (P <0.05) the lung vascular endothelial growth factor II. Sections of the heart and lungs after administration of MT were observed to be more complete with more normal tissue indices. At the same time, compared with heat stress, heart and lung function indices of grade chickens after MT administration were significantly (P <0.05)reduced and tended to normal levels, and the best effect was observed in the medium-dose MT. In conclusion, heat stress can cause pathophysiological damage in chickens, and 1 mg/kg/d of exogenous melatonin can attenuate this adverse effect.

Clinical Analysis of Terbutaline and Budesonide Co-Treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of terbutaline combined with budesonide in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: 500 cases of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into 250 cases in the control group and 250 cases in the observation group by randomization method, both groups received conventional symptomatic treatment, with budesonide added to the control group and terbutaline and budesonide to the observation group, and the lung function indexes, therapeutic effects and adverse drug reactions before and after treatment were compared. Results: After treatment, the level of all lung function indexes of patients in the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the level of total effective rate of treatment was 96.40%, which was higher than that of the control group (P &lt; 0.05), and the difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups was not strong (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: In the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the combined use of terbutaline and budesonide can positively improve lung function, with precise effects and few adverse reactions.

Analysis of the Effect of Extracorporeal Diaphragmatic Pacing Combined with Noninvasive Ventilator on the Respiratory Function and Prognosis of COPD Patients

Objective: To investigate the effect of extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing combined with noninvasive ventilators on the respiratory function and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods: A total of 50 COPD patients were selected between January 2023 to December 2023 and randomly grouped into an observation group and a control group, with 25 cases. The observation group was given extracorporeal diaphragm pacing combined with a noninvasive ventilator, while the control group was given a conventional treatment mode. After the treatment, the results of each index in the two groups were compared. Results: Compared with the diaphragm function indexes of the two groups, the data of the observation group were more dominant (P &lt; 0.05). The rehospitalization rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The COPD assessment test (CAT) and mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnoea scale scores after treatment between the two groups were significantly different (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, the lung function indexes of the observation group were more dominant (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing combined with a noninvasive ventilator promoted the improvement of the patient’s prognosis and improved their respiratory function.

The Effect of O2O Education Combined with Peer Education Management Model in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective: To explore the effect of online-to-offline (O2O) education combined with the peer education management model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Using convenience sampling, 72 patients with COPD who were hospitalized in the respiratory medicine department of a tertiary-level hospital from March to December 2021 were selected as study subjects. Randomized grouping was carried out using the random number table method, the control group was given routine COPD health education in the department, and the intervention group applied O2O trinity health management combined with peer education on the basis of routine care. After 6 months of follow-up after discharge, the two groups were observed and compared for changes in pulmonary function, depression status, self-care ability, and quality of life. Results: At 3 and 6 months after the intervention, the lung function indexes and depression status of the two groups of patients improved significantly, and the improvement effect was more significant in the intervention group (P &lt; 0.05); after the intervention, the self-care ability scores of the patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05); the quality-of-life scores of the two groups of patients decreased at 3 months after discharge, in which the quality-of-life scores in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: O2O education combined with the peer education management model can effectively improve the lung function of patients with COPD, depression, self-care ability, and quality of life.

Association and biological pathways between lung function and incident depression: a prospective cohort study of 280,032 participants

BackgroundLung health is increasingly recognized as an essential factor in mental health. However, prospective evidence on lung function with incident depression remains to be determined. The study aimed to examine the prospective association between impaired lung function and incident depression and the underlying biological mechanisms.MethodsThis prospective cohort study comprised 280,032 non-depressed individuals with valid lung function measurements from the UK Biobank. Lung function was assessed through the forced vital capacity (FVC) or forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate the associations between lung function and incident depression. Mediation analyses were fitted to investigate the potential mediating role of biomarkers and metabolites in the association.ResultsA total of 9514 participants (3.4%) developed depression during a median follow-up of 13.91 years. Individuals in the highest quartile had a lower risk of depression (FVC % predicted: HR = 0.880, 95% CI = 0.830–0.933; FEV1% predicted: HR = 0.854, 95% CI = 0.805–0.905) compared with those in the lowest quartile of the lung function indices. Additionally, the restricted cubic splines suggested lung function indices had reversed J-shaped associations with incident depression (nonlinear P < 0.05 for FVC % predicted and FEV1% predicted). Impaired lung function yielded similar risk estimates (HR = 1.124, 95% CI = 1.074–1.176). Biomarkers involving systemic inflammation, erythrocytes, and liver and renal function may be potential mediators in the lung function-depression association.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the higher risk of developing depression was associated with impaired lung function. Also, the association might be partially mediated by biomarkers including systemic inflammation, erythrocytes, and liver and renal function, though these mediation findings should be interpreted with caution due to potential temporal ambiguity.

LUNG FUNCTION INDICES IN MALE WOODWORKERS AND HEALTHY WORKERS IN CENTRAL INDIA – A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Objectives: The objectives of the study were comparison of lung function indices in woodworkers and age, height, and weight-matched healthy workers other than woodworkers and comparison of lung function indices among woodworkers about the duration of exposure. Methods: A comparative study of spirometry was performed on 60 male woodworkers from the Lakadganj area of Nagpur city and 60 males of age, height, and weight-matched healthy workers other than woodworkers aged from 25 to 40 years. The study was performed in the laboratory of the Physiology Department, IGGMC Nagpur from January 2012 to September 2013. The Institute Ethics Committee approved the present study and it was completed in IGGMC Nagpur. Data collection from each individual was performed using a health history questionnaire, estimation of height (cm) with roll ruler wall mounted roll ruler wall mounted stature meter, weight (kg) with weight measuring device, and well-calibrated Spirometry device Physiopac Windows-based computerized Polygraph. Age, height, weight, body mass index, and lung function indices forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow25-75% (FEF25-75%), FEV1/FVC, and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were included in the present study. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance, unpaired t-test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Comparison of FVC, FEV1, peak expiratory flow rate, FEF25-75%, FEV1/FVC (p&lt;0.001), and MVV (p&lt;0.05) shows statistical significance between woodworkers and healthy workers. A negative correlation was found between FVC and all groups (Group A [−0.28], Group B [−0.33], and Group C [−0.46]). A negative correlation was found for FEV1 in Group A (−0.08), and Group B (−0.20). A positive correlation was found for FEV1 in Group C (0.14). FEF25-75% showed a negative correlation in Group I (−0.03), and Group III (−0.19). Conclusion: FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, FEV1/FVC, and MVV decreased significantly in woodworkers as compared to age, height, and weight-matched healthy workers other than saw-mill workers. There was a significant decrease in FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75% as the duration of exposure increased but had no significant effect on FEV1/FVC and MVV.

Assessing the causal role of physical activity and leisure sedentary behaviours with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Mendelian randomisation study

BackgroundObservational studies show that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tend to be sedentary during leisure time. Physical activity (PA) may reduce the risk of COPD, but the causal...

Greenspace Exposure with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review

Although a growing number of studies have suggested the relevance of greenspace exposure to respiratory health, most have explored single greenfield indicators or selected disease outcomes. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively assess the evidence that greenspace exposure is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidence, prevalence, mortality, and related lung function indicators and to explore the impact of greenspace exposure on COPD-related disease outcomes. We searched the literature published before 28 September 2023, using six electronic databases and snowball searches. After screening 3689 studies, 16 eligible studies were included. These studies examined various greenspace indicators such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), canopy coverage, greenspace coverage, and land cover conditions. Most studies have reported the positive effects of greenspace exposure. However, the findings had significant heterogeneity, with large differences in the greenness assessment, COPD identification methods, and population characteristics. The mechanisms of this impact have not been conclusively determined, but we propose several hypotheses to explain the pathways by which greenspace exposure affects COPD. Overall, our findings contribute valuable knowledge for understanding the relationship between greenspace exposure and COPD, informing future research in this field.

Comparative characteristics of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia with or without Kartagener’s syndrome

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare hereditary disease, a ciliopathy that is based on a defect in the ultrastructure of the cilia of the epithelium of the respiratory tract and similar structures. All parts of the respiratory tract are affected. About half of the patients with PCD have transposition of the internal organs (Kartagener syndrome – KS).The aim was to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with PCD with and without KS.Methods. An assessment of clinical and genetic characteristics was performed in a sample of 127 patients with PCD, who were divided into 2 groups: patients with KS (n = 60) and without KS (n = 67). The groups were compared on the basis of their medical history (according to the PICADAR scale), clinical, instrumental and laboratory data, including the results of light and video microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and genetic testing.Results. According to the results of comparative characterization of patients with PCD with and without KS, there were similarities in the medical history, decreased lung function indices, videomicroscopy results – ciliated epithelium beating below 6 Hz, TEM – predominance of dynein arm defect. The PICADAR score was higher in the group with KS than in the group without it; congenital heart defects and renal pathology were found more frequently in patients with KS, while hearing loss and nasal polyposis were found more frequently in patients without KS. Electron microscopy revealed defects in the outer and inner dynein arms of the cilia in 50% of patients in both groups, and a tendency to lack of the central pair of microtubules in 18% of patients without KS. The following genes responsible for PCD were found in both groups: DNAH5, CFAP300 and HYDIN. DNAH5 gene variants were more common for KS patients (61.1%), while HYDIN gene variants were only found in patients with PCD without KS (15.8%).Conclusion. The identified differences may help in the diagnosis of the groups studied.

Diagnostic insights from chemometric analysis of hemogram inflammatory indexes in male smokers with and without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) becomes difficult in a primary healthcare center due to ambiguous interpretation of spirometry and lack of facility to access established biomarkers. While routine hematological indices are easily available and accessible. The study aimed to evaluate the role of different hemogram indexes in males in COPD, asthma, and healthy smokers. Lung function tests and complete blood count (CBC) were done for 50 male subjects each from asthma, COPD, and healthy smokers. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed on blood indices data set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to observe the performance of indexes. Pearson correlation was used to establish association between the lung function and blood indices. Most of the indices were elevated in COPD. Whereas, asthma patients showed a significant increase in eosinophil basophil ratio (EBR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and mean platelet volume-platelet count ratio (MPR). Orthogonal (O)- Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) and variable importance in projection (VIP) score established EBR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and LMR, as discriminants for asthma. Whereas, Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), NLR and EBR were the key variables for COPD. NLR (r = -0.73, p < 0.001) and SIRI (r = -0.71, p < 0.001) were found to be negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) percentage of the predicted value (%pred) in asthma and COPD, respectively. EBR showed the sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 86% respectively in asthma. NLR was having sensitivity of 82% and 90% specificity in COPD. Our study in males shows routine hematological indices as being cost-effective, feasible, and seem to have tremendous potential as screening markers among chronic respiratory diseases in a primary healthcare center.

Associations between long-term ozone exposure and small airways function in Chinese young adults: a longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundIncreasing evidence is appearing that ozone has adverse effects on health. However, the association between long-term ozone exposure and lung function is still inconclusive.ObjectivesTo investigate the associations between long-term exposure to ozone and lung function in Chinese young adults.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study among 1594 college students with a mean age of 19.2 years at baseline in Shandong, China from September 2020 to September 2021. Lung function indicators were measured in September 2020 and September 2021, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of the FVC (FEF25, FEF50, and FEF75) and mean flow rate between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75) were measured. Daily 10 km×10 km ozone concentrations come from a well-validated data-fusion approach. The time-weighted average concentrations in 12 months before the lung function test were defined as the long-term ozone exposure. The associations between long-term ozone exposure and lung function indicators in Chinese young adults were investigated using a linear mixed effects model, followed by stratified analyses regarding sex, BMI and history of respiratory diseases.ResultsEach interquartile range (IQR) (8.9 µg/m3) increase in long-term ozone exposure were associated with a -204.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): -361.6, -47.0) ml/s, -146.3 (95% CI: -264.1, -28.4) ml/s, and − 132.8 (95% CI: -239.2, -26.4) ml/s change in FEF25, FEF50, and FEF25-75, respectively. Stronger adverse associations were found in female participants or those with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 and history of respiratory diseases.ConclusionLong-term exposure to ambient ozone is associated with impaired small airway indicators in Chinese young adults. Females, participants with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 and a history of respiratory disease have stronger associations.

Respiratory Exercise Solutions in Precision Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer

Objective: To study the intervention effect of incorporating respiratory motion solutions in precision radiotherapy for lung cancer. Methods: In the survey sample collected by the enterprise from 2022 to 2023, we selected 60 patients for sample study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups received precision radiotherapy. The control group (n=30) received health education to help patients understand the importance of cervical radiotherapy for lung cancer. The observation group (n=30) received resistance respiratory training and lung function training. The lung function indicators, Piper fatigue scale, cancer-related quality of life score, and symptom score were compared before and after intervention in both groups. Results: Before intervention, there were no significant differences in lung function indicators, Piper fatigue scale, cancer-related quality of life score between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). After intervention, the lung function indicators, Piper fatigue scale, and cancer-related quality of life score were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P&lt;0.05). The observation group also had a lower symptom score than the control group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Incorporating resistance respiratory training and lung function training during precision radiotherapy for lung cancer can improve respiratory motion, enhance treatment effectiveness, and improve lung function. These findings are worth promoting.