Lung Function In Adults Research Articles

The long-term effects of outdoor air pollution on child, adolescent and adult lung function – a systematic review

The long-term effects of outdoor air pollution on child, adolescent and adult lung function – a systematic review

Acute changes in lung function following controlled exposure to cookstove air pollution in the Subclinical Tests on Volunteers Exposed to Smoke (SToVES) Study

TPS 901: Indoor air pollution, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 28, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background/Aim: Exposure to cookstove-generated air pollution is a leading contributor to global disease. Effects of household air pollution on adult lung function, however, remain uncertain. It is unclear how much exposure reduction is needed to improve respiratory health. We investigated acute changes in lung function following exposure to cookstove-generated air pollution using a controlled exposure design. Methods: Forty-seven healthy adult volunteers were assigned to sequences of six 2-hour exposures: a filtered-air control and five cookstoves with distinct fine particulate matter (PM2.5) targets: liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), 10 µg/m3; semi-gasifier, 35 µg/m3; fan rocket, 100 µg/m3; rocket elbow, 250 µg/m3; open fire, 500 µg/m3. Spirometry was conducted prior to exposure and immediately, 3 hours, and 24 hours after exposure. Mixed-effect models were used to estimate differences in post-exposure lung function for the stove exposures compared to the control. Measurements and Main Results: At the immediate post-exposure measurement, lung function was lower than the control for the three highest PM2.5 exposures. The largest differences were for the fan rocket stove (forced vital capacity [FVC]: 60 mL, 95%CI 135, 15; forced expiratory volume [FEV1]: 51 mL, 95%CI 117, 16; mid-expiratory flow [FEF25-75]: 116 mL/s, 95%CI 239, 8). At 3 hours post-exposure, lung function was lower than the control for all stoves; differences were of similar magnitude for all stoves but largest for the LPG (FVC: 39 mL, 95%CI 114, 35; FEV1: 68 mL, 95%CI 128, 7; FEF25-75: 122 mL/s, 95%CI 255, 11). At 24 hours post-exposure, results were consistent with a null association for FVC and FEV1; FEF25-75 was lower than the control for the gasifier, fan rocket, and open fire exposures. Conclusion: Relative to a filtered-air control, short-term decreases in lung function occur following controlled exposure to cookstove-generated air pollution even at low PM2.5 levels. This abstract does not represent EPA policy.

Exposure to Acrylamide and Reduced Lung Function in Chinese Adults

Exposure to Acrylamide and Reduced Lung Function in Chinese Adults

The role of C-reactive protein levels on the association of physical activity with lung function in adults

ObjectiveRegular physical activity may be associated with improved lung function via reduced systemic inflammation, although studies exploring this mechanism are rare. We evaluated the role of C-reactive protein in blood, which is a common marker of systemic inflammation, on the association of physical activity with forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity.MethodsCross-sectional data on spirometry, C-reactive protein levels and self-reported physical activity (yes/no; ≥2 times and ≥1hr per week of vigorous physical activity) were available in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (N = 2347 adults, 49.3% male, 28–56 years-old). A subsample was also assessed 10 years later using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and tertiles of Metabolic Equivalent of Task—minutes per week spent in vigorous, moderate and walking activities were calculated (N = 671, 49.6% male, 40–67 years-old). Adjusted cross-sectional mixed linear regression models and the “mediate” package in “R” were used to assess the presence of mediation.ResultsDespite positive significant associations between nearly all physical activity metrics with forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity, there was no evidence that C-reactive protein levels played a role. An influence of C-reactive protein levels was only apparent in the smaller subsample when comparing the medium to low tertiles of moderate activity (mean difference [95% CIs]: 21.1ml [5.2, 41.9] for forced expiratory volume in one second and 17.3ml [2.6, 38.0] for forced vital capacity).ConclusionsIn a population of adults, we found no consistent evidence that the association of physical activity with forced expiratory volume in one second or forced vital capacity is influenced by the level of C-reactive protein in blood.

Influence of Obesity on Work Ability, Respiratory Symptoms, and Lung Function in Adults with Asthma

Background: Asthma is defined by variable respiratory symptoms and lung function, and may influence work ability. Similarly, obesity may contribute to respiratory symptoms, affect lung function, and reduce work ability. Thus, assessment of the influence of obesity on work ability, respiratory symptoms, and lung function in adults with asthma is needed. Objectives: We hypothesized that patients with obesity and asthma have more respiratory symptoms and reduced work ability and lung function compared with normal-weight patients with asthma. Methods: We examined 626 participants with physician-diagnosed asthma, aged 18–52 years, recruited from a cross-sectional general population study using a comprehensive questionnaire including work ability score, the asthma control test (ACT), height and weight, and spirometry with reversibility testing. Results: Participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m² (i.e., obese) had a higher symptom score (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.14–2.80), current use of asthma medication (1.60, 1.05–2.46), and incidence of ACT scores ≤19 (poor asthma control) (1.81, 1.03–3.18) than participants with BMI ≤24.9 kg/m² (i.e., normal weight). Post-bronchodilator forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of predicted (β coefficient –4.5) and pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s as a percentage of predicted (FEV₁) (β coefficient –4.6) were negatively associated with BMI ≥30 kg/m². We found no statistically significant association of BMI >30 kg/m² (compared to BMI <24.9 kg/m²) with sick leave (1.21, 0.75–1.70) or reduced work ability (1.23, 0.74–2.04). Conclusions: There were indications that patients with obesity had a higher symptom burden, poorer asthma control, higher consumption of asthma medication, and reduced lung function, in particular for FVC, compared with normal-weight patients.

Effects of smoking and physical exercise on respiratory function test results in students of university: A cross-sectional study.

We explored the effects of smoking and exercise on pulmonary function (PF) in young adults.This was a 2-year, prospective cross-sectional study on university students. We recorded age, gender, weight, height, pulmonary symptoms, smoking status, and sports habits. Spirometry was used to evaluate lung function; we recorded the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio.A total of 1014 (552 female, 464 male) subjects were included. Smokers reported significantly more wheezing and sputum production than nonsmokers, but exhibited better FVC and FEV1 values. Those who smoked less than half a pack/d had significantly poorer FVC and FEV1 levels than nonsmokers. Smokers exhibited significantly lower FEV1/FVC ratios than nonsmokers. Overall, those who exercised exhibited better FEV1 and FVC levels, but this was attributable entirely to females.The spirometric percentile data were adjusted for gender, age, and height, and used as indicators of health status (good: >90: average: 25–90, poor <25). ln males, PF was associated with regular exercise (good: 7.8, average: 6.5, poor: 14.2, P = .02). The smoking rate was higher in the “good” group (males: good: 31.3, average: 30, poor: 17.9, P = .02/females: good: 22.4, average: 17.9, poor: 10.4, P = .02).On multivariate regression analysis, above-average PF test results were associated with age (1.32 [1.04–1.69]) and exercising at least once per week (4.06 [1.16–14.20]) in males. In females, above-average results were associated with irregular exercise (2.88 [1.36–6.09]), age (1.85 [1.44–2.37]), and exercising until palpitations developed (0.18 [0.04–0.88]).Smoking improves lung function in young adults; these are “healthy smokers.” Physical activity did not improve lung function, but the absence of physical activity significantly worsened lung function.

The association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and respiratory function in older adults differs between smokers and non-smokers

The association between physical activity and lung function is thought to depend on smoking history but most previous research uses self-reported measures of physical activity. This cross-sectional study investigates whether the association between accelerometer-derived physical activity and lung function in older adults differs by smoking history. The sample comprised 3063 participants (age = 60–83 years) who wore an accelerometer during 9 days and undertook respiratory function tests. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; acceleration ≥0.1 g (gravity)) in smokers but not in never smokers: FVC differences for 10 min increase in MVPA were 58.6 (95% Confidence interval: 21.1, 96.1), 27.8 (4.9, 50.7), 16.6 (7.9, 25.4), 2.8 (−5.2, 10.7) ml in current, recent ex-, long-term ex-, and never-smokers, respectively. A similar trend was observed for forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Functional data analysis, a threshold-free approach using the entire accelerometry distribution, showed an association between physical activity and lung function in all smoking groups, with stronger association in current and recent ex-smokers than in long-term ex- and never-smokers; the associations were evident in never smokers only at activity levels above the conventional 0.1 g MVPA threshold. These findings suggest that the association between lung function and physical activity in older adults is more pronounced in smokers than non-smokers.

Early menarche is associated with lower adult lung function: A longitudinal cohort study from the first to sixth decade of life.

Early menarche is increasing in prevalence worldwide, prompting clinical and public health interest on its links with pulmonary function. We aimed to investigate the relationship between early menarche and lung function in middle age. The population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (born 1961; n = 8583), was initiated in 1968. The 5th Decade follow-up data (mean age: 45 years) included age at menarche and complex lung function testing. The 6th Decade follow-up (age: 53 years) repeated spirometry and gas transfer factor. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed to determine the association between age at menarche and adult lung function and investigate biological pathways, including the proportion mediated by adult-attained height. Girls reporting an early menarche (<12 years) were measured to be taller with greater lung function at age 7 years compared with those reporting menarche ≥12 years. By 45 years of age, they were shorter and had lower post-bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (adjusted mean difference: -133 mL; 95% CI: -233, -33), forced vital capacity (-183 mL; 95% CI: -300, -65) and functional residual capacity (-168 mL; 95% CI: -315, -21). Magnitudes of spirometric deficits were similar at age 53 years. Forty percent of these total effects were mediated through adult-attained height. Early menarche was associated with reduced adult lung function. This is the first study to investigate post-BD outcomes and quantify the partial role of adult height in this association.

Detrimental effects of air pollution on adult lung function

Air pollution exposure may lead to lower lung function and higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adultshttp://bit.ly/2IpGx9j

Effects of fat distribution on lung function in young adults

AimsTo study the associations between fat distribution and lung functions in healthy subjects of young adults and to explore potential gender difference in these correlations.MethodsA total of 2101 adult participants were recruited. Height, weight, and vital capacity index (VCI) were measured and recorded according to the national physical fitness test standard. Body compositions, including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat-free mass (FFM), trunk muscle mass (TMM), fat mass (FM), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), were conducted using body composition analyzer. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.ResultsWe found that male participants showed significantly higher BMI, WHR, FFM, TMM, VFA, and VCI, but lower FM, BFP, and SAT in comparison with women. However, there was no significant difference in VAT between the male and female. Lung functions represented by VCI were negatively correlated with FM, VAT, SAT, and VFA for both men and women (r < 0; P < 0.05). Among these negative correlations, VCI was more inversely correlated with VFA for men but with SAT for women, respectively. After dividing the whole populations by BMI, BFP, and WHR, further correlation analysis showed VCI was still more negatively correlated with VFA for all male subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05). On the contrary, VCI was more negatively correlated with SAT in BMI-underweight, BMI-normal, BFP-low fat, BFP-normal fat, WHR-normal, and WHR-obese subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05), while VFA and VAT was more inversely correlated with VCI in BMI- and BFP-overweight+obese subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05).ConclusionsFat accumulation is highly associated with the vital capacity index in young adults. In general, VCI was more negatively correlated with VFA for men but with SAT for women, respectively, in comparison with other tested indices.

Lumacaftor/ Ivacaftor improves exercise tolerance in patients with Cystic Fibrosis and severe airflow obstruction

BackgroundTreatment of patients with Cystic Fibrosis homozygous for the Phe508del gene, with Lumacaftor /Ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) improves outcomes in patients with FEV1 > 40% predicted. We set out to observe the most sensitive clinical measure that would change with treatment in terms of exercise capacity or lung function in adults with severe lung disease as defined by an FEV1 < 40% predicted when clinically stable.Methods10 adults homozygous for the Phe508del received LUM/IVA. We assessed; six minute walk test (6MWT), spirometry, gas transfer (DLCO), plethysmography, and nitrogen multiple breath washout (MBW) at baseline, 4, 12, 24 and 52 weeks. Comparison was made with 10 matched historical controls that had been observed over 12 months.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in 6MWT by 4 weeks of treatment; with a mean increase of 78 m (SD 62.3) and this increased to 118.1 m (SD 80.9) (ANOVA p = 0.006) by 52 weeks. Significant improvements were also seen in the resting heart rate and the oxygen saturation (SaO2) after 6 min walking. A significant improvement was not seen in FEV1 though until 24 weeks, though this was maintained at 52 weeks (ANOVA, p = 0.0004). There were no significant differences seen in the MBW or DLCO. After 12 months treatment with LUM/IVA, in comparison to historical controls; the 6MWT increased by 118 m (SD 80.9), but fell in the controls − 61.3 m (SD 31.1). FEV1; LUM/IVA led to an increase of 0.398 L/min, compared to a fall in the controls − 0.18 (SD 0.2).ConclusionIn adults homozygous for Phe508del with severe disease, treatment with LUM/IVA results in a clinically significant improvement in 6MWT that was evident at 4 weeks and maintained at 52 weeks. Improvement in exercise tolerance is an important outcome to consider in those with more severe airways disease.Trial registrationThis was an observational trial conducted on individuals who became eligible to receive LUM/IVA. All investigations were carried out as part of routine clinical care. The trial was registered in retrospect on the 13/5/2019 on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry; ACTRN12619000708156.

Sex-specific differences in the association between birth weight and lung volume in Japanese young adults.

Fetal growth disturbances may influence adult lung function and can lead to pulmonary diseases in adulthood. Although the results of previous studies are controversial, low birth weight seems to be associated with poor adult lung function. This study aimed to assess previously unknown information about the sex-specific association between birth weight and adult lung volume in the Japanese population. We evaluated pulmonary parameters in 200 consenting young medical students (age, 20-29 years) with a never smoking history at Kochi University. Subjects whose lung function was not sufficiently examined or those with evidence of current or previous respiratory diseases were excluded (n=7). All students underwent spirometry, and their weight records at birth or 3 years of age were obtained from their maternal and child handbooks. Associations between the spirometric parameters and birth/3-year weights were statistically analyzed. We evaluated 91 male and 102 female students. Their mean age was 23.3 years. Assessment revealed that birth weight significantly correlated with the percent predicted value of forced vital capacity (%FVC; rs=0.17, p=0.018) but not with the forced expiratory volume in 1 s/FVC ratio. Sex-specific analysis revealed significant correlations between birth weight and %FVC in males (rs=0.22, p=0.041) but not in females. Body weight at the age of 3 years also significantly correlated with %FVC only in males (rs=0.32, p=0.021). Birth weight is significantly associated with pulmonary function in Japanese young adults. The associations are especially significant in males.

Tiotropium in asthma: From bench to bedside.

Tiotropium is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist approved for maintenance treatment of asthma in children, adolescents, and adults in the United States, and recommended as add-on treatment for uncontrolled asthma despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and/or long-acting beta-2 agonists. This review traces the journey of tiotropium from its historical origins through early preclinical testing to human clinical trials and real-life studies. A search was performed in PubMed using search terms 'tiotropium' and 'asthma.' Relevant references cited in those articles were reviewed. English language articles published from December 2008-December 2018 were screened. Articles evaluating the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, real-life evidence, and steroid-sparing effect of tiotropium with inadequately controlled asthma were included. Anticholinergics have a long history of use in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases. Evidence indicates that tiotropium's mechanism of action consists of bronchodilation and diminished mucus secretion, with preclinical evidence suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect as well. Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials have demonstrated that tiotropium is efficacious and safe, resulting in significant improvements in lung function in adults, adolescents, and children across asthma severities. Emerging evidence suggests that add-on tiotropium might potentially enable reductions in inhaled corticosteroid dose in patients with uncontrolled asthma. Further, tiotropium is a cost-effective treatment option that is also effective in the clinical practice setting. An increasing body of evidence indicates that tiotropium can play a significant role in the treatment of patients with uncontrolled asthma.

70 High Dose Vitamin D for the Prevention of Wheezing in Preschoolers: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Wheeze is a common condition affecting nearly one in three preschool children with few effective preventive interventions. Observational studies have suggested that vitamin D may improve lung function in children and adults, though no trial has examined whether a high dose of vitamin D supplementation can prevent wheezing in healthy preschool children. This study aimed to determine whether high dose vitamin D supplementation could reduce wheezing in young healthy children compared to a standard dose of vitamin D supplementation. This study was a prespecified secondary analysis of a 1:1 parallel, multicenter, superiority randomized clinical trial. The trial was conducted through a large primary care research network in Toronto, ON. Children with health conditions affecting growth, chronic condition(s) except for asthma, severe developmental delays, and children with gestational age < 32 weeks were excluded. Healthy children age 1 to 5 years were randomized to either ‘standard-dose’ (400IU/day) or ‘high-dose’ (2000IU/day) orally supplemented vitamin D. Parents administered 1 drop/day of the assigned formulation (Kids Ddrops containing vitamin D3) to their child between time of enrolment (September-November) until follow-up (April-June). The outcome for this prespecified secondary analysis was one or more wheezing episode ascertained monthly by telephone. A binomial regression model was used to obtain the relative risk of one or more wheezing episodes in the high-dose group compared to the standard-dose group with 95% confidence intervals. Between September 2011 and June 2015, 703 children were recruited of which 631 (89.6%) provided data on wheezing. Mean age was 2.03 years and 57% were male. At baseline, 17 % of children in the high-dose group and 15 % of children in the standard-dose group had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 75 nmol/L. Wheezing in the past was reported at baseline by 22% in the high-dose group and 20% in the standard-dose group. One or more wheezing episodes occurred in 16% of participants in the high-dose group and 12% of participants in the standard-dose group over the winter season which was not statistically different (RR=1.38, 95% CI: 0.93, 2.07, p=0.12). In this randomized clinical trial of healthy young children, the risk of wheezing was not reduced by high-dose vitamin D compared to standard-dose supplementation. These results are consistent with several observational studies of vitamin D supplementation and wheeze in childhood. The trial was conducted across multiple sites, enhancing the generalizability of results. This study was limited by parent-reported outcomes, though gold standard tests for wheeze (e.g. spirometry) are challenging to perform in young children.

Associations of chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 with lung function of severe asthmatic adults in a low air pollution environment of urban Nagasaki, Japan

Previous studies have linked ambient PM2.5 to decreased pulmonary function, but the influence of specific chemical elements and emission sources on the severe asthmatic is not well understood. We examined the mass, chemical constituents, and sources of PM2.5 for short-term associations with the pulmonary function of adults with severe asthma in a low air pollution environment in urban Nagasaki, Japan. We recruited 35 asthmatic adults and obtained the daily record of morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) in spring 2014–2016. PM2.5 filters were extracted from an air quality monitoring station (178 days) and measured for 27 chemical elements. Source apportionment was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). We fitted generalized linear model with generalized estimating equation (GEE) method to estimate changes in PEF (from personal monthly maximum) and odds of severe respiratory deterioration (first ≥ 15% PEF reduction within a 1-week interval) associated with mass, constituents, and sources of PM2.5, with adjustment for temperature and relative humidity. Constituent sulfate (SO42−) and PM2.5 from oil combustion and traffic were associated with reduced PEF. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in SO42− (3.7 μg/m3, average lags 0–1) was associated with a decrease of 0.38% (95% confidence interval = −0.75% to −0.001%). An IQR increase in oil combustion and traffic-sourced PM2.5 (2.64 μg/m3, lag 1) was associated with a decrease of 0.33% (−0.62% to −0.002%). We found a larger PEF decrease associated with PM2.5 from dust/soil on Asian Dust days. There was no evidence linking total mass and metals to reduced pulmonary function. The ventilatory capacity of adults with severe asthma is susceptible to specific constituents/sources of PM2.5 such as sulfate and oil combustion and traffic despite active self-management of asthma and low air pollution levels in the study location.

Serum Cadmium and Lead, Current Wheeze, and Lung Function in a Nationwide Study of Adults in the United States

Cadmium and lead are hazardous pollutants. We examined the relation between serum levels of cadmium and lead and current wheeze, current asthma, and lung function in US adults. A cross-sectional study of 13,888 adults aged 20 to 79 years in 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was considered. Multivariable logistic or linear regression was used for the analyses of current wheeze, current asthma, and lung function measures (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]% predicted, forced vital capacity [FVC]% predicted, FEV1/FVC% predicted, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]), which were conducted first in all participants, and then separately in never/former smokers and current smokers. High levels of serum cadmium were significantly associated with current wheeze in all participants and in current smokers (odds ratio for fourth vs first quartile= 2.84, 95% confidence interval= 2.07-3.90, Pfor linear trend < .01), as well as with current asthma in current smokers. Serum lead was not significantly associated with current wheeze or current asthma, regardless of smoking status. Serum cadmium was significantly associated with lower FEV1% predicted, FEV1/FVC% predicted, and FeNO in all participants and in never/former smokers, and serum lead was significantly associated with lower FEV1/FVC% predicted in all participants, with similar findings in never/former smokers and in current smokers. Our findings suggest that exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased risk of wheeze and asthma in US adults who currently smoke. Moreover, our results suggest that exposure to cadmium or lead has negative effects on lung function in nonsmoking US adults.

Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and decreased lung function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AimRecent observational studies assessed the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and lung function in adults, but the magnitude of this association remains uncertain. We estimated the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and lung function on spirometry (predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] and forced vital capacity [FVC]). MethodsWe searched publication databases using predefined keywords to identify studies (published up to October 4, 2018), in which NAFLD was diagnosed by imaging or biochemistry (no studies with biopsy-proven NAFLD were available). Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modelling. ResultsSix observational studies (5 cross-sectional and 1 longitudinal) with aggregate data on 133,707 individuals (27.8% with NAFLD) of predominantly Asian ethnicity (74.6%) were included in the final analysis. There were significant differences in predicted FEV1 (n = 5 studies; pooled weighted mean difference [WMD]: −2.43%, 95% CI: −3.28 to −1.58; I2 = 69.7%) and predicted FVC (pooled WMD: −2.96%, 95% CI: −4.75 to −1.17; I2 = 91.7%) between individuals with and without NAFLD. Decreased FEV1 and FVC at baseline were also independently associated with a ∼ 15% increased risk of incident NAFLD (n = 1 study in Korean individuals). Subgroup analyses did not materially modify these findings. ConclusionsNAFLD is associated with significant reductions of both FEV1 and FVC in Asian and United States adults, and such small, but significant, reductions of lung volumes at baseline may be also associated with increased NAFLD incidence in Asian individuals. Further research is needed to better elucidate the link between NAFLD and impaired lung volumes.

Effect of Exposure to 2.5 μm Indoor Particulate Matter on Adult Lung Function in Jakarta.

ObjectivesLung function impairment due to exposure to indoor air pollution of particulate matter size 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is not well documented in Jakarta.MethodsTo assess whether there is an association between indoor PM2.5 concentration and lung function impairment among the adult population, a cross-sectional design was implemented. There were 109 adults selected aged between 20 years and 65 years from the Pulo Gadung industrial area, East Jakarta. Association and logistic regression analysis were implemented for statistical analysis of the data.ResultsThe average exposure to indoor PM2.5 was 308 μg/m3. There were 38.5% of participants that had lung function impairment. PM2.5 concentration was found to be associated with lung function impairment among the adult population living in Pulo Gadung industrial area after controlling for gender, duration of exposure, ventilation, smoking status, and humidity.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that PM2.5 concentrations in the Pulo Gadung industrial area may be the main contributor to the impairment of lung function for adults living in the surrounding residential area.

Long-term exposure to outdoor VOCs and lung function in urban adults: a cross-sectional study in Tabriz an industrialized city in the northwest of Iran

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of outdoor benzene, toluene, xylenes, and styrene (BTXS) on respiratory system performance in adults living in an industrialized city. The concentration of BTXS was measured in the three selected areas (low traffic, high traffic and industrial). Pulmonary function of totally 219 participants who have lived in the selected areas for at least five years, were evaluated through the spiromertry. Based on the results, significant differences were observed between the mean concentrations of BTXS (industrial area > high traffic area > low traffic area). Considerable decline of 0.46 L, 0.41 L, 2.99%, 0.9 L/min, and 0.59 L/s for Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and Forced Expiratory Flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75%), respectively, were detected in industrial area residents compared to the low traffic region. In addition, some spirometric parameters were different between the other sampling sites. In conclusion, the results showed that the long term exposure to higher concentrations of BTXS increases respiratory dysfunction risks in industrial and high traffic areas respectively, as compared with living in the low traffic region.

Nutritional Status in Childhood as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

There is a strong association between cystic fibrosis and malnutrition, mainly because of the higher energy needs combined with lower intake. There is also a well-established correlation between good nutritional status and better lung function. To date, however, there are no studies examining nutritional status in childhood and adult lung function. To respond to this need, this innovative study explored the long-term correlations between nutritional status in childhood and lung function in adulthood for the same patient population. A retrospective patient file study was conducted to identify putative correlations between nutritional status in childhood and lung function in adulthood. The medical archives at Sheba Medical Center were examined for a period of 31years between 1986 and 2017 for age, gender, mutations, pancreatic sufficiency or insufficiency (PI/PS), sputum cultures, cystic fibrosis related diabetes, body mass index (BMI) at the age of 10, and FEV1 at 20 and 30 in patients who underwent or did not undergo lung transplantation. The database was composed of the records of sixty-five patients, thirteen of whom underwent lung transplantation. The correlations (R²) between BMI at age of 10years and FEV1 at the age of 20 and 30years were 0.35 and 0.28, respectively, p < 0.001. A BMI of lower than - 0.75at the age of 10 emerged as a risk factor for lung transplantation (OR 3.42 p = 0.023) and had a negative predictive value of 90%. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed significant lower lung transplantation rate in the group of BMI z score higher than - 0.75at the age of 10years. Logistic regression found nutritional at the age of 10years as a dominant risk factor for lung transplantation. This study reports a clear, significant and important correlation for the first time between nutritional status in childhood and lung function for the same patients at adulthood. Hence, nutritional status sets a clear trajectory and should be treated aggressively. The findings emphasize the importance of new-born screening and early implementation of nutritional guidelines for cystic fibrosis patients.