Ether Theory Research Articles

New tools for theory choice and theory diagnosis

Theory choice can be approached in at least four ways. One of these calls for the application of decision theory, and this article endorses this approach. But applying standard forms of decision theory imposes an overly demanding standard of numeric information, supposedly satisfied by point-valued utility and probability functions. To ameliorate this difficulty, a version of decision theory that requires merely comparative utilities and plausibilities is proposed. After a brief summary of this alternative, the article illustrates how comparative decision theory affords a rational reconstruction of decisions made by exemplary scientists in two cases of theory choice: Buffon’s law and the luminiferous ether. It also offers a rational reconstruction of two cases of theory diagnosis: Mendeleev’s anomalies and the Pioneer anomaly.

The Physical Nature of Length Contraction

It is described how the mode by which matter is “conducted” through luminiferous aether causes the matter to contract. A simple derivation of the mathematical expression for this physical length contraction is presented. There is also a brief discussion of relevant historical aspects and of nonphysical length contraction.

Unified Field Theory

The paper SR Equations without Constant One-Way Speed of Light [1] brings us a century back by discussing contradictory Relativity postulates. Instead of dealing with the aether theory, this paper proposes the Unified Field Theory (UFT) that replaces both the Theory of Relativity and Theory of Aether. In this new theory, the universe exists in form of Torque Grids in which Space, Time and Energy are unified. The ideal Torque Grids have same size and String movement cycle is the same as the Grid size in all directions. When Torque Grids have different sizes, the Torque Grids have size distortions. When Torque String movement speeds are different between two opposite directions, the Torque Grids have charge distortion. Both size and charge distortion can be measured by energy. The charge distortion can be measured by electronic charge in addition to the energy. The Gravity interactions and Strong interactions are related to Torque Grids’ size distortions. The electron-magnetic interactions and weak interactions are related to charge distortions. The Unified Field Theory derives the Planck equation and Newton’s gravity equation and explains why the electron is stable. The electron has a single Torque Grid distortion on its shell and is in resonance with its wavelength. Therefore, electron is stable and electronic field is formed. Strong force and weak force are result of two additional main resonance wave forms on the shell of the electron. Finally, the paper unifies the four fundamental fields.

Black limit. Part 11

New limitation is introduced – no body can be accelerated to the mass exceeding the mass of a black hole, in addition to the light velocity limitation. Based on this limitation, new formulae for the theory of relativity and extension of classical equations for mass, length, time can be obtained. Charge relativity has been shown. Formulae for charge and gravitation have been extended. The paper considers the extension of the theory of relativity based on the ether theory development, where crypton (strong wave) functions as a discrete element of super-fluid ether, elementary particles are represented as flat whirlpools, gravitation - as varying density of crypton (strong wave) created by flat whirlpools. The charge is presented as a sinusoid tail stretched by a whirlpool, not coiled and created by a dipole offset of the crypton (ether). The energy of particles is presented in the form of transformation of progressive wave energy into rotational whirlpool energy. It is shown that the gravitation of the black hole has flat form. It is shown that spherical form of stellar explosion with further formation of a black hole transforms into conical one. The equation of gravitation can be written as follows

Black limit. Part 12: The transformation expanded with lorentsevoye

New limitation is imposed – none body can have a mass more than a mass of black hole, in addition to light speed limitation. Based on this limitation, new formulae for the theory of relativity and extension of classical equations for mass, length, time can be obtained. Relativity of charge is shown. Formulas for charge and gravitation are extended. This paper considers the continuation of the theory of relativity based on development of the ether theory, where krypton (strong wave) is the discrete element of super fluid ether, elementary particles are represented by flat whirlpools, gravitation is given as varying density of krypton (strong wave) created by flat whirlpools. The charge is presented as a sinusoid tail stretched by a whirlpool, not coiled and created by a dipole displacement of krypton (ether). Energy of particles is presented as transformation of progressive wave energy into rotational whirlpool energy. It is shown that the gravitation of black hole is flat, not circular. The coefficient of star light refraction is presented.

Spinning in the NAPLAN Ether: ‘Postscript on the Control Societies’ and the Seduction of Education in Australia

This paper applies concepts Deleuze developed in his ‘Postscript on the Societies of Control’, especially those relating to modulatory power, dividuation and control, to aspects of Australian schooling to explore how this transition is manifesting itself. Two modulatory machines of assessment, NAPLAN and My Schools, are examined as a means to better understand how the disciplinary institution is changing as a result of modulation. This transition from discipline to modulation is visible in the declining importance of the disciplinary teacher–student relationship as a measure of the success of the educative process. The transition occurs through seduction because that which purports to measure classroom quality is in fact a serpent of modulation that produces simulacra of the disciplinary classroom. The effect is to sever what happens in the disciplinary space from its representations in a luminiferous ether that overlays the classroom.

Lord Kelvin on fluid mechanics

William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, was the best-known British scientist of his day, who made fundamental contributions to many areas of physics and engineering. Though his life and work have been much studied, his contributions to fluid mechanics have received far less attention that those in heat, electricity, magnetism, geophysics, “ether theory” and telegraphy. After a general introduction, Kelvin’s writings on fluid mechanics are comprehensively surveyed. These reveal the interplay of his mathematical expertise and physical intuition, his deployment of physical analogies, and the origins of some of his work in later-abandoned speculations. Among lasting contributions are his circulation theorem and minimum energy theorem, the misnamed “Stokes’ theorem”, a generalization of Green’s theorem, the method of stationary phase, and much on vortices, instabilities, tides and water waves.

The Reception of Miller's Ether-Drift Experiments in the USA: The History of a Controversy in Relativity Revolution

Summary This paper analyses documents from several US archives in order to examine the controversy that raged within the US scientific community over Dayton C. Miller's ether-drift experiments. In 1925, Miller announced that his repetitions of the famous Michelson-Morley experiment had shown a slight but positive result: an ether-drift of about 10 kilometres per second. Miller's discovery triggered a long debate in the US scientific community about the validity of Einstein's relativity theories. Between 1926 and 1930 some researchers repeated the Michelson-Morley experiment, but no one found the same effect as Miller had. The inability to confirm Miller's result, paired with the fact that no other ether theory existed that could compete with special relativity theory, made his result an enigmatic one. It thus remained of little interest to the scientific community until 1954, when Robert S. Shankland and three colleagues reanalysed the data and proposed that Miller's periodic fringe shift could be attributed to temperature effects. Whereas most of the scientific community readily accepted this explanation as the conclusion of the matter, some contemporary anti-relativists have contested Shankland's methodology up to now. The historical accounts of Miller's experiments provide contradictory reports of the reaction of the US scientific community and do not analyse the mechanisms of the controversy. I will address this shortcoming with an examination of private correspondence of several actors involved in these experiments between 1921 and 1955. A complex interconnection of epistemic elements, sociological factors, and personal interests played a fundamental role in the closure of this experimental controversy in the early 1930s, as well as in the reception of Shankland's reanalysis in the 1950s.

Supersymmetric aether

It has been suggested by Groot Nibbelink and Pospelov that Lorentz invariance can be an emergent symmetry of low-energy physics provided the theory enjoys a non-relativistic version of supersymmetry. We construct a model that realizes the latter symmetry dynamically: it breaks Lorentz invariance but leaves the supersymmetry generators intact. The model is a supersymmetric extension of the dynamical aether theory of Jacobson and Mattingly. It shows rich dynamics and possesses a family of inequivalent vacua realizing different symmetry breaking patterns. In particular, we find stable vacua that break spontaneously spatial isotropy. Supersymmetry breaking terms give masses to fermionic and bosonic partners of the aether field. We comment on the coupling of the model to supergravity and on the implications for Horava gravity.

Can the one-way speed of light be used for detection of violations of the relativity principle?

Experimental attempts at measurement of the one-way speed of light are considered within the framework of relativistic theories. We show that if the effect of clock transport is taken into account, the observations from this class of experiment do not actually lead to either measurement of the one-way speed of light or determination of the absolute velocity of the preferred frame (even if, for non-entrained ether theories, such a frame were to exist).

Experiment for Discrimination between Special Relativity Theory and Covariant Ether Theories

Some covariant ether theories assume the existence of an “absolute” inertial frame, leading to a frequency shift of electromagnetic radiation proportional to the “absolute” velocity of the frame of experiment. Two experiments are discussed which are able to measure such a possible frequency shift.

Michelson– Morley experiment: A misconceived & misinterpreted experiment

A thorough review of the Michelson–Morley experiment reveals that the experiment had been not only misinterpreted but also misconceived. Under the theory & methodology adopted by Michelson & Morley the reasons of misconception and misinterpretation have been found to be: 1. Doppler Effect of light was not taken into account and 2. The motion of the solar system was not also taken into account. Since this experiment formed the basis of misinterpretation of absence of luminiferous ether in the space and as the consequence of absence of luminiferous ether the concept of length contraction in the direction of motion, theories of relativity, space–time concept and big bang theory were adopted. The basis of all these theories and concepts is challenged. The present article is the detailed and corrected version of the article ‘Ultimate Proof of Energy Theory of Matter & Cosmology’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010a) necessitated by the article ‘Foundation of Theory of Everything; Non-living & Living Things’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010b). This article finally explains the Michelson-Morley experiment.

Neutron stars and the cosmological constant problem

The gravitational aether theory is a modification of general relativity that decouples vacuum energy from gravity, and thus can potentially address the cosmological constant problem. The classical theory is distinguishable from general relativity only in the presence of relativistic pressure (or vorticity). Since the interior of neutron stars has high pressure and as their mass and radius can be measured observationally, they are the perfect laboratory for testing the validity of the aether theory. In this paper, we solve the equations of stellar structure for the gravitational aether theory and find the predicted mass-radius relation of non-rotating neutron stars using two different realistic proposals for the equation of state of nuclear matter. We find that the maximum neutron star mass predicted by the aether theory is 12% - 16% less than the maximum mass predicted by general relativity assuming these two equations of state. We also show that the effect of aether is similar to modifying the equation of state in general relativity. The effective pressure of the neutron star given by the aether theory at a fiducial density differs from the values given by the two nuclear equations of state to an extent that can be constrained using future gravitational wave observations of neutron stars in compact systems. This is a promising way to test the aether theory if further progress is made in constraining the equation of state of nuclear matter in densities above the nuclear saturation density.

Possible experiments to test Einstein's Special Relativity Theory

All of the experiments supporting Einstein's Special Relativity Theory are also supportive of the Lorentz ether theory, or many other ether theories. However, a growing number of experiments show deviations from Einstein's Special Relativity Theory, but are supporting more extended theories. Some of these experiments are reviewed and analyzed. Unfortunately, many experiments are not of high quality, never repeated and mostly both. It is proposed that the most promising experiments should be repeated.

Relativity, nonlocality, and the newly revived theory of ether

Relativity, nonlocality, and the newly revived theory of ether

Foundation of vortex gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony

A hypothesis is proposed concerning the cause of the origin of universal gravitation. This cause consists of a system of the ether vortex rotations. Physical and mathematical grounds are described and the formula for the determination of the space gravitation forces is deduced. On the basis of the vortex gravitation, the principles of creation and existence of the celestial bodies are shown. Methods of the use of the vortex gravitation properties for the space flight projection are proposed. Key words: Ether theory, vortex gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony.

The clouds of physics and Einstein's last query: Can quantum mechanics be derived from general relativity?

Towards the end of the 19th century, Kelvin pronounced as the of 1) the failure of the Michelson-Morely experiment to detect an ether wind, 2) the violation of the classical mechanical equipartition theorem in statistical thermodynamics. And he believed that the removal of these clouds would bring physics to an end. But as we know, the removal of these clouds led to the two great breakthoughts of modern physics: 1) The theory of and 2) to quantum mechanics. Towards the end of the 20th century more clouds of physics became apparent. They are 1) the riddle of quantum gravity, 2) the superluminal quantum correlations, 3) the small cosmological constant. Furthermore, there is the riddle of dark energy making up 70% of the physical universe, the non-baryonic cold dark matter making up 26% and the very small initial entropy of the universe. An attempt is made to explain the importance of these clouds for the future of physics. Conjectures for a possible solution are presented. they have to do with Einstein's last query: Can quantum mechanics be derived general relativity, and with the question is there an ether?

QUANTUM FIELDS WITH MODIFIED DISPERSION RELATIONS IN CURVED SPACES

We discuss the renormalization procedure for quantum scalar fields with modified dispersion relations in curved spacetimes. We consider two different ways of introducing modified dispersion relations: through the interaction with a dynamical temporal vector field, as in the context of the Einstein–Aether theory, and breaking explicitly the covariance of the theory, as in Hǒrava–Lifshitz gravity. Working in the weak field approximation, we show that the general structure of the counterterms depends on the UV behavior of the dispersion relations and on the mechanism chosen to introduce them.

Absolute Motion Determined from Michelson-Type Experiments in Optical Media

The symmetry of vacuum is characterized by the Lorentz group with the parameter c. Physical space inside the homogeneous optical medium should be described by the Lorentz group with the parameter c/n, where n is the refractive index of the medium. Violation of a one-parameter phenomenological symmetry in the discrete medium, such as gas, creates the opportunity for the experimental detecting of the motion of the optical medium relative to luminiferous aether.

Foundation of vortex gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony

A hypothesis is proposed concerning the cause of the origin of universal gravitation. This cause consists in a system of the ether vortex rotations. Physical and mathematical grounds are described and the formula for the determination of the space gravitation forces was deduced. On the basis of the vortex gravitation, the principles of creation and existence of the celestial bodies were shown. Methods of the use of the vortex gravitation properties for the space flight projection were proposed. Key words: Ether theory, vortex gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony.