Photon avalanche is a special phenomenon of upconversion that the luminescence emission intensity exhibits a significant nonlinear response to the excitation power. Traditional photon avalanche is typically observed in bulk materials, which is not enough to meet requirements of modern techniques as it expect smaller in size and stronger in signal response. In this study, photon avalanche effect is obtained from single LiYF4: Yb3+/Pr3+ microparticle. The emission intensity demonstrates a 16-order nonlinear coefficient with excitation intensity change under 835 nm laser excitation. By utilizing the plasmonic effect of noble metal nanoparticles, we successfully modulate the photon avalanche of the particle. Obvious reduction in the threshold of photon avalanche is detected when plasmonic gold nanorods are assembled to the surface of LiYF4: Yb3+/Pr3+ microparticle.