Lula Government Research Articles

Brazil's Pension Fund Developmentalism

Lula's government in Brazil fostered an engagement with local pension funds that have become key state levers for long-term investment, particularly in large and politically salient infrastructure projects. This process, here called pension fund developmentalism, describes more than specific investment choices; it grounds Brazil's current growth strategy on relationships between the government and a particular set of prominent players, shedding light on the state's more forceful re-engagement as a promoter of development at a time when aspirations for global economic integration have been matched by the commitment to growth through the expansion of local sources of funding.

Desventuras de alguns críticos da política externa do governo Lula

O presente artigo busca analisar algumas críticas de especialistas brasileiros à política externa dos dois mandatos do governo Lula, em particular quanto à coerência e fundamentação dos argumentos utilizados pelos autores. A constatação é que as críticas se baseiam em uma análise sistêmica particular, bem como na convicção de que a burocracia de Estado é o ator unitário na definição e operacionalização da Política Externa Brasileira (PEB).

Desenvolvimento Nacional e Integração Regional: O BNDES como Instrumento de Política Externa no Governo Lula da Silva (2003-2010) / National Development and Regional Integration: the Brazilian Development Bank as an instrument of foreign policy during...

This article analyses the role of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) during the Lula government in the context of a renewed strategic vision of the state as a way to achieve a more prominent position for Brazil in the international system. In Amado Cervo's definition of the logistical paradigm, the state not only takes responsibility for economic stability, it also supports “diverse national interests”, such as those of the business community, which starts to receive extensive logistical, diplomatic and financial support for the internationalization of domestic businesses. As part of a broader strategy to forge stronger alliances in the South as a way of shifting power relations towards these countries' interests, Brazil sought greater cooperation and integration with its South American neighbours, strengthening these bonds in the political ambit and improving coordination with the aim of jointly forging national long-term development strategies in line with national and regional interests. Keywords : Lula da Silva government; Brazilian Development Bank, Brazilian Foreign Policy. Received on November 22, 2012. / Accepted on December 03, 2012.

DESAFIOS DA AMPLIACÃO DA OFERTA E DA QUALIDADE DO ENSINO MÉDIO NO CONTEXTO DO FUNDEB

We treat high school here, considering it as a stage of school education required for the formation of young independent, able to cope with the everyday adult life, including being productive. It questions the possibility of effective democratization of school, considering the increase in supply and their qualification for the second Lula government (2007-2010). Through a research based on archives and literature we found that there was a significant progress about the "cost student". From the point of view of ensuring access and permanence of students in high school, the advances are small, especially good for increasing the net registration rate in high school and as a negative highlight the large number of registrations in a precarious situation . Noting further that the design of integrated high school, taken as a strategy for qualifying school, has been object of reductionism in the official policies of the period.

EQUIDADE E IGUALDADE NA RECONFIGURAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRA – governos FHC e Lula

Reconfiguration of Higher Education in Brazil is contemporary of economic and cultural Globalization phenomena, which mean the most complete expression of current stage of capitalism development. This essay focuses on the study of one aspect of this process in the country: public policies (and their justifications and context) towards the inclusion in social sectors which, historically, had not have access to the university or conditions to stay in it. It was chosen establish comparisons between the policies developed during FHC government period (1995-2002) and Lula da Silva (2003-2010), because we have admitted as hypothesis that, in the first ones, was imprinted an evident and straight neoliberal orientation; while in the second ones, even using the same orientation, it was searched remark some ideological differences by adoption of politics suitable for inclusion – in other words, FHC governments periods focused on equality and Lula governments in equity. This work is based on a basic set of descriptive data under governmental policies of inclusion in Higher Education and their results, even partial, collected by researchers teams of post-graduation of three Brazilian universities which participate in the Program Marco Interuniversitario para la equidad y la coesión social, of Rede Ibero-americana de Investigação em Políticas Educativas - RIAIPE. We used a basic bibliography by academic authors to support critical viewpoints about the theme. As the main conclusion, we pointed out to the existence of distinct paradigms in all mentioned government periods, and they have oriented reforms in Brazilian Higher Education, besides the suggestion of equity paradigm leans to the establishment of more consistent and appropriate policies for inclusion.

A COOPERAÇÃO SUL-SUL NA POLÍTICA EXTERNA DO GOVERNO LULA (2003-2010)

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a cooperação Sul-Sul desenvolvida durante do governo Lula, nos marcos das transformações ocorridas na política externa brasileira recente. Inicialmente, discute o conceito de cooperação Sul-Sul e sua importância para a inserção internacional do País. Posteriormente, analisa as prioridades e os projetos articulados para os países em desenvolvimento, bem como estuda o caso da “cooperação horizontal” promovida no âmbito do IBAS. A principal hipótese é que a cooperação Sul-Sul desenvolvida durante o Governo Lula tem um caráter flexível, adaptado as múltiplas realidades dos países em desenvolvimento. Muito além da dimensão de solidariedade, a cooperação Sul-Sul do governo Lula teve um caráter pragmático, seja para reforçar parcerias estratégicas, para ampliar a presença em amplas regiões, ou para ampliar o comércio.

Brazil Post‐Lula: Challenges and Opportunities Facing the Brazilian Business Environment

AbstractThe Brazilian economy indicates great potential for future economic growth. An increasing and affluent middle class, expanding exports, and foreign reserves are testimonies of Brazil's recent accomplishments. The country, however, still faces a number of challenges that may compromise its sustainable long‐term economic goals and objectives. This article focuses on the Luiz Inacio “Lula” da Silva government's economic performance. The article's main findings show increasing bottlenecks being created as a result of the Lula government's eight years of low economic growth rates, which have penalized the country's competitiveness. The newly elected president, Dilma Rousseff, will inherit a substantial investment deficit in the areas of infrastructure, education, health care, research and development (R&D), and innovation, as well as Brazil's worst public debt/gross domestic product (GDP) ratio in the past 100 years. These conditions will prevent Brazil from growing and developing at faster rates. This article also elaborates on Dilma Rousseff's most recent statements and discusses likely future paths for the Brazilian economy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

“MARCHING AS TO WAR”: A LETTER FROM BRAZIL TO SOUTH AFRICA ABOUT LANDLESSNESS, AGRARIAN REFORM AND SOCIAL MOVEMENT STRUGGLES AGAINST NEOLIBERALISM

This paper utilises the Brazilian Landless Movement’s (MST) National March for Agrarian Reform as a lens through which to analyze the social movement challenge to the Lula government’s submission to neoliberalism and suggests lessons for movement activists in South Africa. In focusing on the national march, the paper highlights the importance of marches as a strategic weapon of struggle for the MST, and situates this in historical, philosophical and tactical context. This paper asserts that the MST’s stress on organisation building and political education, its ability to forge strong rural-urban alliances, and its strategic vision in moving beyond narrow corporatist struggles for land to take up broader national popular demands is fundamental to understanding the MST’s consistent mobilizing capacity and its status as a vibrant counterhegemonic actor in Brazilian national politics.

THE BRAZIL OF LULA: A GLOBAL AND AFFIRMATIVE DIPLOMACY (2003-2010)

During Lula's government (2003-2010) Brazil experienced significant social and economical improves, but especially developed an “active and affirmative” diplomacy of global span, which assured autonomy and international prestige. Beneath Brazil’s coordination the South American integration had moved on. The country established strategic partnerships with China, Russia, India and South Africa, which, added to the advance of the south-south cooperation, changed the course of global multilateral negotiation. When it is about to choose the heiress, Lula’s diplomatic legacy must deepen, contributing to a worldwide reform.

Agrarian reform policy in Brazil under Lula's government

Agrarian reform policy in Brazil under Lula's government

O QUINTO CICLO DA GUERRA FISCAL E A NOVA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOBILÍSTICA BRASILEIRA

A indústria automobilística tem um papel na economia como uma das principais geradoras de empregos diretos e indiretos e de encadeamentos para frente e para trás em termos de geração de mercados. O objetivo geral deste texto é apresentar a nova configuraç

Nurturing Hope, Deepening Democracy, and Combating Inequalities in Brazil: Lula, the Workers' Party, and Dilma Rousseff's 2010 Election as President

In explaining the 2010 election of President Dilma Rousseff, John French and Alexandre Fortes explore the stunning success of the Brazilian Workers Party (PT) and its leader, Lula, former trade unionist, in winning a third consecutive presidential victory. In historical perspective, the authors examine the ways in which Lula's government (2002 – 10) represented a break with the past while summarizing its substantive achievements in redistributing wealth and opportunity. Focusing on the tension between a historic party-centric petismo (declared partisan party support) and the broader personal popularity of its leader (lulismo), they offer evidence that Lula and the PT have retained their foundational ethos of enhancing popular self-esteem while fostering citizen participation and civil society mobilization, albeit under new conditions. They conclude with a diagnosis of the new government's challenges in light of international financial markets, labor mobilization, and the constraints of the Brazilian political system.

A "Era Lula", as eleições presidenciais de 2010 e os desafios do pós-neoliberalismo

The article explores the stunning success of the Brazilian Workers Party (PT) and its leader, Lula, former trade unionist, in winning a third consecutive presidential victory, with the election of Dilma Rousseff in 2010. In historical perspective, it examines the ways in which Lula's government (2002-2010) represented a break with the past while summarizing its substantive achievements in redistributing wealth and opportunity. Focusing on the tension between a historic party-centric petismo (declared partisan party support) and the broader personal popularity of its leader (lulismo), it offers evidence that Lula and the PT have retained their foundational ethos of enhancing popular self-esteem while fostering citizen participation and civil society mobilization, albeit under new conditions. It concludes with a diagnosis of Dilma Rousseff government's challenges in light of the international economic scenario, domestic labor mobilizations, and the constraints of the Brazilian political system.

Elite Preferences in a Consolidating Democracy: The Brazilian Legislative Surveys, 1990–2009

AbstractThis article examines key ideological, economic, and institutional preferences of the Brazilian political elite in the first 25 years of the country's present democratic regime. Introducing the unified dataset of the Brazilian Legislative Surveys, it examines several crucial dimensions of politicians' attitudes, including elite placement on a traditional left-right scale, preferences concerning the fundamental economic model, direct comparisons of the recent Cardoso and Lula governments, and orientations toward Brazil's global and regional projection. On many of the central issues, attitudes have remained stable, but on the dimensions that have seen notable change, nearly all the change has been in the direction of decreasing polarization. In contrast to the experience of some neighboring countries, the Brazilian case demonstrates that the sustained practice of democracy can lead to attitudinal convergence and macro-political stability, even when the initial political and socioeconomic conditions appear daunting.

Elite Preferences in a Consolidating Democracy: The Brazilian Legislative Surveys, 1990-2009

This article examines key ideological, economic, and institutional preferences of the Brazilian political elite in the first 25 years of the country’s present democratic regime. In introducing the unified dataset of the Brazilian Legislative Surveys, we examine several crucial dimensions of politicians’ attitudes, including elite placement on a traditional left-right scale, preferences concerning the fundamental economic model, direct comparisons of the recent Cardoso and Lula governments, and orientations toward Brazil’s global and regional projection. On many of the central issues there has been attitudinal stability, but on the dimensions on which there has been notable change, nearly all of the change has been in the direction of decreasing polarization. In contrast to the experience of some neighboring countries, the Brazilian case demonstrates that the sustained practice of democracy can lead to attitudinal convergence and macropolitical stability, even when the initial political and socioeconomic conditions appear daunting.

O currículo para o Ensino Médio em suas diferentes modalidades: concepções, propostas e problemas

O artigo discute políticas curriculares para o ensino médio no Brasil, problematizando a reforma curricular de fhc, passando às ações do governo Lula, bem como ao movimento de defesa do ensino médio integrado. Aborda as políticas atuais, considerando perspectivas virtuosas trazidas pelas novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Considera que o programa de incentivo a propostas curriculares "inovadoras" no ensino médio transita entre o avanço conceitual da relação entre trabalho, ciência e cultura, e a reificação de atividades e métodos ativos. Conclui que as dificuldades enfrentadas na luta de uma proposta contra-hegemônica não são somente de ordem conceitual, mas uma expressão da capacidade da classe dirigente em manter seus princípios vigorando no senso comum da sociedade.

Ainda conectado: o PT e seus vínculos com a sociedade

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) continua mantendo vínculos sólidos com a sociedade civil organizada e a atrair filiados, apesar das transformações pelas quais passou a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, especialmente sob aspecto ideológico-programático. A partir da análise de dados sobre os filiados e a organização partidária, bem como de surveys realizados com os delegados petistas reunidos em encontros nacionais entre 1997 e 2007, mostramos que o PT continua permeável à participação de atores da sociedade civil organizada assim como teve um crescimento significativo no número de membros durante os anos do governo Lula.

Strike movement during the Lula government in Brazil: characteristics, trends, and prospects

Strike movement during the Lula government in Brazil: characteristics, trends, and prospects

Industrial Policy of the Lula Government: Its Evaluation and Challenges

Industrial Policy of the Lula Government: Its Evaluation and Challenges

Political Legacies of the Lula Government: Campaign Slogans and Their Implementation

Political Legacies of the Lula Government: Campaign Slogans and Their Implementation