Lubelskie Region Research Articles

The Determinants of Labour Demand in the Lubelskie Voivodship

The aim of this study is to characterise labour demand in the Lubelskie region and some of its determinants. The first part briefly discusses the theoretical aspects of labour-demand, including its measurement methods and main determinants. The second part offers a statistical analysis of labour demand in the Lubelskie Voivodship against national trends. It proves that labour demand in the Lubelskie Voivodship demonstrates slower growth and a less growth-favourable structure, and that the chances to find work there are smaller than in the country as a whole. However, an analysis of the main determinants of labour demand conducted in the next part of the study suggests that lower labour-demand growth in comparison to the country as a whole can be more attributable to factors related to the product-market situation rather than excessive increase in wages. It was also indicated that an important reason for such disproportions might lie in the relatively high significance of rural areas and agriculture, and also in the weaker position of the region’s business sector compared to the country as a whole.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration in Profiles of Polesie Lubelskie Peatlands

Abstract Soil respiration is a very important factor influencing carbon deposition in peat and reflecting the intensity of soil organic matter decomposition, root respiration, and the ease of transporting gases to the surface. Carbon dioxide release from three different peat soil profiles (0-80 cm) of the Polesie Lubelskie Region (Eastern Poland) was analyzed under laboratory conditions. Peat samples were incubated at 5, 10, and 20°C in aerobic and anaerobic environments, and their CO2-evolution was analyzed up to 14 days. The respiration activity was found to be in the range of 0.013-0.497 g CO2 kg-1 DW d-1. The respiratory quotient was estimated to be in the range of 0.51-1.51, and the difference in respiration rates over 10°C ranged between 4.15 and 8.72 in aerobic and from 1.15 to 6.53 in anaerobic conditions. A strong influence of temperature, depth, the degree of peat decomposition, pH, and nitrate content on respiration activity was found. Lack of oxygen at low temperature caused higher respiration activity than under aerobic conditions. These results should be taken into account when the management of Polish peatlands is considered in the context of climate and carbon storage, and physicochemical properties of soil in relation to soil respiration activity are considered.

Internationalisation, innovation and ICT usage for communication and marketing activities influence on perceived international competitiveness. Study of firms from Lublin region

The main goal of the paper is to explore connections between perceived international competitiveness, ICT usage for communication and marketing, internationalisation level and innovation deployment by a firm from Lubelskie Region, Poland. The paper contains insights from literature and focuses on two path models of influence of such factors on perceived competitive advantage. Also differences in ICT usage between: exporters, potential exporters, and firms not interested in international presence are shown. Data are coming from regional survey of 1680 firms. Generally, the higher level of internationalisation results to more intensive usage of internet communication and e-marketing activities and higher perceived competitiveness.

Reasons for delay in treatment of breast cancer detected due to breast self-examination in women from the Lubelskie Region

A delay in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients is observed despite access to modern diagnostic methods. The aim of the study was to evaluate time between the first symptoms of breast cancer and treatment commencement, as well as to analyze reasons for the delay The research was conducted on 260 breast cancer patients treated at the Oncology Center in Lublin between 2008 and 2011. 'Patient delay' was defined as the time gap of > 3 months between first symptoms of cancer and the doctor's appointment and 'system delay' as the time gap of > 1 month between the first medical consultation and commencement of treatment. Mean patient delay was 32.2 +/- 63.8 weeks. The main reasons were: disregard of symptoms (51%) and fear of being diagnosed with cancer (48%). Factors which significantly influenced the length of patient delay included: age > 65 years, non-regular gynecologic care, lack of prior cancer screening and lack of family history of breast cancer Mean system delay was 3.1 +/- 2.9 weeks. Tumors < 5 cm in diameter and clinical presentation other than a tumor significantly influenced the system delay A significant delay in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer remains to be noted. Delay in seeking medical help was observed in 20% of the patients, whereas the referral was delayed due to system fault in 38% of the cases. Contrary to popular belief, patient delay (mean 32.2 +/- 63.8 weeks) is 10 times longer than system delay (3.1 +/- 2.9 weeks), suggesting an urgent need for further education of the general public and creating more accessible medical care.

THE ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE FOR BORRELIA BURGDORFERI ACCORDING TO IN VIVO ANTIGENS IN REGARD TO SYMPTOMS SUBIECTIVELY PERCEIVED BY FORESTERS

Summary: The aim of our this work was analysis of speciϐic immune respon se for B. burgdorferi according to in vivo antigens in regard to symptoms subjectively perceived by foresters, in 2009 and 2012. Material and methods: study group include 41 foresters (19 - 86 years old), from the forest district in Lubelskie region. All persons underwent serological diagnostic. We used 2 phase diagnosis method of Lyme diseases according to standards. Used tests include Borrelia antigens from in vivo group, which are not use in standard diagnosis test. The study was carried out in 2009 and then again in 2012. Results: The analysis of antibodies for Borrelia proteins, including the in vivo, demonstrated how active, long-term and time-variable is the process of B. burgdorferi infection. Conclusions: The expression of Borrelia proteins and high immunogenicity translates into effectiveness of diagnostic procedures concerning B. burgdorferi identiϐication. Considering to not clear clinical manifestatio n and changeable immune response require individual approach to each patient.

Population resources of an endangered species Salix lapponum L. in Polesie Lubelskie Region (eastern Poland)

This research, carried out in the years 2011–2013, aimed to evaluate &lt;em&gt;Salix lapponum&lt;/em&gt; stands in the peat bogs of Polesie Lubelskie Region as well as to determine the condition of the population and the changes that have taken place since the 1950’s. An inventory carried out in 25 stands of &lt;em&gt;S. lapponum &lt;/em&gt;known from the literature shows that the number of its stands has decreased by 80% in Polesie Lubelskie Region. In all the confirmed locations, a decrease in population numbers was also found in relation to the data known from the literature since the 1950’s. In the majority of the population locations that were considered to be extinct, there were no significant changes in habitat conditions, and ecological succession and changes in hydrological conditions could have been the cause of habitat changes only at a few sites. In the light of the study, the preservation of the &lt;em&gt;S. lapponum &lt;/em&gt;population in Polesie Lubelskie seems to be impossible if appropriate active conservation measures are not taken immediately. Because area-based conservation, which covers most of the habitats of the studied species, does not bring the expected results, the possibility of &lt;em&gt;ex situ&lt;/em&gt; conservation and enlargement of the populations existing in the natural environment in peat bog ecosystems in Polesie should be explored.

Changes in Administrative Borders and Their Stability in Lubelskie Region in 1949–2010

The article presents the problem of changes in administrative borders in the Lubelskie region throughout the past 60 years, since the end of World War II. In this period Poland experienced four major reforms that transformed the system and structure of administrative division. In five periods between the reforms there were also certain minor changes along the national borders. The analysis of changes was primarily based on cartographic materials presenting the administrative divisions, which allowed for efficient analyses of the border routes. Using the archive maps the authors prepared analytical maps from 8 temporal perspectives. Consequently, synthetic maps presenting all the observed changes in voivodship (Polish: województwo), county (Polish: powiat) and commune (Polish: gmina) borders were drafted. Such materials were the base for preparing the final maps illustrating the stability of the border routes between voivodships, counties and communes. The analyses of the materials allowed number of conclusions to be drawn. Firstly, the borders of Lubelskie Voivodship are relatively stable, particularly the fragments which run along the Vistula and the Bug Rivers. In the case of county borders, their permanence is much lower. At the lowest level of administrative division, variability is the highest, yet the share of permanent borders reaches 40%. Generally, it can be stated that the higher the level of administrative division, the higher the stability of borders. The present article may constitute a basis for further research on the causes and effects of borders between administrative units. Along with the analysis of border permanence, another problem that the authors addressed is the method of linear presentation of object changes. In order to analyse border changes effectively, the authors propose an indirect presentation of border stability by showing the stability of the area marked within these borders. Such a device substitutes the troublesome analysis of overlapping linear structure with an analysis of a clearer image of stability, presented with contour lines.

Activity Of Companies In Innovation Networks

Innovation networks can be understood as an organization in which two or more independent firms aim at joint research, development or spreading of innovations. In such a relatively stable and cooperative collaboration, the partner firms find support during one or more activities of the innovation process, which may increase their innovation performance (Dilk, Gleich, Wald 2008, p. 693). Relationships of innovative companies with partners in networks are based on development and transfer knowledge, which is used in innovation processes. With development of innovations in the network, knowledge and other resources are multiplied. The objective of this work is to explore cooperative relationships of companies with partners during innovation process execution within the network’s framework. This paper analyzes the impact of these relationships on the development of innovative companies, as well as also attempts to describe synergy effects of cooperation between partners in innovation networks. Questionnaire research on this subject was conducted in Lubelskie region in 2009. Summary results of these research are described in this work.

The effects of breed and other factors on the composition and freezing point of cow’s milk in Poland

The milk obtained from six cow breeds (Polish Holstein‐Friesian Black‐White and Red‐White, Simmental, Jersey, Polish Red and Polish Black‐White) managed in the Lubelskie region and the Bieszczady Mountains was analysed. A total of 3618 milk samples collected between 2005 and 2008 were evaluated for the total solids content, percentage concentrations of fat, protein and lactose, and the freezing point: the mean milk freezing point was −0.538°C. The freezing point of milk was influenced by breed, successive lactations, lactation stage and the geographic region. In milk with a high urea concentration (over 300 mg/L), the increased apparent protein level caused a decrease in the milk freezing point values. The combined influence of geographic region and production season showed significant interactions for daily milk yield and total solids content (P &lt; 0.01) and the milk freezing point (P &lt; 0.05).

Deposition Rate of Lake Sediments Under Different Alternative Stable States

Deposition Rate of Lake Sediments Under Different Alternative Stable States Sediments of five shallow lakes in Polesie Lubelskie region (Eastern Poland), representing a wide range of nutrient concentration, were dated by Pb-210 method and reliable age-depth models were constructed. These models were a base for studies of relationship between status of lake biocenoses and rate of sedimentation in the lakes. The sedimentation rate does not depend on ecological status of studied lakes. The highest mean sedimentation rate was found in phytoplankton-dominated (Lake Syczyńskie) and phytoplankton-macrophyte-dominated (Lake Sumin) lakes. Macrophyte-dominated lakes represented intermediate values of deposition rate. Lake depth, area and hydrology are more important factors controlling sedimentation rate. The sedimentation rate was rather stable or changed over the time, depending on human management in the lakes' drainage basins.

Progress toward e-government in Poland: Issues and dilemmas

This paper considers a variety of aspects in the development of e-services in Poland. National e-government strategies as well as legal regulations that prepare the organizational conditions of electronic services delivery are presented. The authors refer to the state of electronic services development in Poland. They base their considerations on two independent research projects conducted in the years 2003-2006. The first was a project that investigated public e-services delivered through the Internet with reference to the entire public administration in Poland; the second was a project that examined Web sites of the Public Information Bulletin, (PIB) administered by local governments in the Lubelskie region. In the first project, twenty public services were investigated. The research showed that in 2004-2006, the level of public e-services in Poland increased, reaching, in most cases, the informational stage and a few in the transactional stage. The second research - executed in three stages - was aimed at answering the following questions: 1. To what extent does local administration in the Lubelskie region follow the national policy of e-government development? 2. Does the project of PIB support electronic communication between administration and citizens? 3. Does the project of PIB support services delivered by local administration? The knotty problems of public e-services development in Poland were named.