Relationship Commitment Research Articles

Romantic Duration, Relationship Quality, and Attachment Insecurity among Dating Couples

For many young adults today dating is not taken as a path to marriage, but as a relationship to be considered on its own terms with a beginning, middle, and end. Yet, research has not kept pace as most studies that look at relationships over time focus on marriages. In the present study, we look at individual differences and normative patterns of dating relationship quality over time. We tested a path model of associations between relationship duration, attachment insecurity, and four relationship quality domains (sexual frequency, commitment, satisfaction, and companionship) among a large sample of dating young adults (N = 1345). Based on a conceptual model of romantic relationship development, results supported expectations that dating trajectories are curvilinear, with unique patterns of accent, peak, and decent for each relationship domain. Dating duration also moderated the relationship between dating quality and attachment insecurity with anxious attachment becoming a more salient predictor of lower satisfaction and lower commitment in long-term versus short-term relationships. A quadratic interaction with sexual frequency indicated that insecurity predicted less sexual activity in new relationships, more activity among relationships between two and four years, but then less again in longer-term relationships. Findings suggest patterns of stability and change in dating relationships during emerging adulthood that complement those observed from the marriage literature.

The effect of organisational culture on interorganisational relationship and firm performance

Interorganisational relationships have often been associated as antecedents of financial and market performance. However, little is known about its effects on operational performance that is relevant to firm competitiveness and sustainability. On the other hand, studies relating to firms' culture within interorganisational relationships are scarce. In this sense, this study is unique in that it explores the influence of cultural dimensions on operational performance within interorganisational relationships. Using a survey questionnaire, 154 responses were collected from suppliers of a large service organisation. A regression analysis was accomplished, demonstrating a significant moderating effect of cultural dimensions (governance formalism and strategic focus) on relationship commitment, investment, and operational performance. This research helps managers to reveal the cultural characteristics of suppliers that improve operational performance, suggesting the significance of additional studies focusing on culture, performance, and interorganisation relationships. Besides, it demonstrates the importance and impact of cultural dimensions on interorganisational relationships and firms' operational performance.

가맹점주의 조절초점이 가맹본부에 대한 재계약 의도 및 다점포 운영의도에 미치는 영향

Purpose: As franchise brands have recently increased in the same industry and formal contracts have been standardized, the difference in support, reputation, and sales performance of franchisor has narrowed. As a result, it has become easier for franchisees to switch to other franchise brands in the same industry, and the influence of the unique assets or trust level arising from the relationship between franchise headquarters and franchisees on the intention to renew contracts has also decreased compared to the past. Accordingly, this study examined the factors affecting the franchisee’s willingness to renew the contract in the relationship between the franchisee and the franchisor, from the individual characteristics of the franchisee. Research design, data, and methodology: This study was conducted by selecting the food service industry, which has a variety of franchise brands in the same industry and has low entry barriers and high risk. The characteristic of the franchisee was divided into promotion focus and prevention focus, and the effect of this individual characteristics on relationship commitment and the effect of relationship commitment on contract renewal intention and multi-store operation intention were examined. We postulated that the promotion focus has a positive impact on affective commitment (H1), has a positive impact on calculative commitment (H2), the prevention focus has a negative impact on affective commitment (H3), has a negative impact on calculative commitment (H4). And we postulated that the affective commitment has a positive impact on renewal and multi-store operation intention (H5, H6), the calculative commitment has a negative impact on renewal and multi-store operation intention (H7, H8). Results and Conclusions: To verify the research model and hypothesis, we first run a CFA to test the validity and reliability of the proposed model. Overall, the verification results show that the measurement model exhibits acceptable fit of the Model (χ2=242.1, df=155, Q=1.56, RMR=0.04, RMSEA=0.06, GFI=0.86, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.92). It is confirmed that all measurement items are representative of the unit of study, with average variance extracted values and composite reliability values exceeding the acceptable levels of 0.5 and 0.7 respectively. To verify the proposed research model and hypothesis, the author utilized the structural equation model. Most of the model fit indices were accepted as a result of the analysis (χ2=254.90, df=161, Q=1.58, RMR=0.05, RMSEA=0.06, GFI=0.86, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91). All of hypotheses were supported and are shown in the table below. Table 1 Results of hypotheses test Hypothesis (direction) St. Estimate S.E. C.R. Results H1(+) Promotion focus → Affective commitment 1.12** 0.26 4.36 Supported H2(+) Promotion focus → Calculative commitment 0.81** 0.21 3.84 Supported H3(–) Prevention focus → Affective commitment –0.15* 0.06 –2.39 Supported H4(–) Prevention focus → Calculative commitment –0.35** 0.14 –4.31 Supported H5(+) Affective commitment → Renewal intention 0.72** 0.15 4.97 Supported H6(+) Affective commitment → Multi-store operation intention 0.83** 0.24 3.39 Supported H7(–) Calculative commitment → Renewal intention –0.05 0.07 –0.79 Not supported H8(–) Calculative commitment → Multi-store operation intention –0.16 0.19 –0.83 Not supported Model fit: χ2=254.90, df=161, Q=1.58, RMR=0.05, RMSEA=0.06, GFI=0.86, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91. Overall, this study introduces the individual characteristics of the franchisee that have not been adequately explained by previous studies, and suggested practical and academic implications through this empirical research results.

Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couples Therapy on Sexual Function, Marital Intimacy, and Impulsivity in Women Affected by Marital Infidelity

Objective: One of the most significant factors that can disrupt family health is the breaking of commitment and exclusivity in emotional and sexual relationships, leading to extramarital affairs, also known as marital infidelity. The current study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT) on sexual function, marital intimacy, and impulsivity in women affected by marital infidelity. Methods and Materials: This study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up design, accompanied by a control group. The population studied included all women affected by marital infidelity who sought help at the Yarigar counseling centers and the Organic counseling center in Tehran, who had visited these centers in the first six months of the year 2023. According to the counseling centers' officials, the total number of these individuals was 93. The sample studied consisted of 30 women affected by marital infidelity who visited counseling centers in District 2 of Tehran in 2023, selected through purposive sampling and then randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Marital Intimacy Scale, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and the Female Sexual Function Index. In this study, the experimental group underwent 9 sessions of Emotion-Focused Therapy (one 90-minute session per week). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results showed that Emotion-Focused Couples Therapy significantly improved sexual function (F=25.29, P<0.001), marital intimacy (F=5.49, P=0.026), and reduced impulsivity (F=39.46, P<0.001) in women affected by marital infidelity. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Emotion-Focused Couples Therapy is effective in improving sexual function, marital intimacy, and impulsivity in women affected by marital infidelity and can be used to reduce the psychological problems of these women.

Employer branding, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviour: A moderated-mediation approach

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of job satisfaction in tandem with the moderating role of organisational commitment and income in employer branding and organizational citizenship behaviour relationship in the context of Bangladesh banking sector. Method. Data were collected from surveying 211 employees of private banks in Bangladesh through a structured questionnaire. Findings. The findings of the study demonstrate that employer branding is positive in organizational citizenship behaviour. Additionally, job satisfaction partially mediates the employer branding and organizational citizenship behaviour relationship. Lastly, both organisational commitment and income significantly moderate the job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour relationship. Vаlue of results. The outcomes of the study incorporate considerable amount of knowledge into employer branding, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviour literature. More precisely, the moderating role of organizational commitment and income between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour is a unique contribution of the present study which will believably enrich the literature of the existing organizational citizenship behaviour predominantly used in the Bangladeshi banking sector.

Effectiveness of Integrated Couples Therapy on Intimacy and Marital Forgiveness among Women Affected by Extramarital Relationships

Objective: One of the most significant factors that can disrupt family health is the breakdown of commitment and exclusivity in emotional and sexual relationships and the creation of extramarital relationships, or marital infidelity. The current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of integrated couples therapy on intimacy and marital forgiveness among women affected by marital infidelity. Methods and Materials: This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up design, including a control group. The study population consisted of all women affected by marital infidelity who sought counseling at Tehran counseling centers in 2023. Among them, 30 participants were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data were collected using the Marital Intimacy Scale (Thompson & Walker, 1988) and the Marital Forgiveness Questionnaire (Rey et al., 2001). The experimental group received Emotion-Focused Therapy over 9 sessions (once a week for 90 minutes each). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS version 22. Findings: Results showed that integrated couples therapy significantly increased forgiveness (F=5.54, P<0.001) and marital intimacy (F=9.37, P<0.001) among women affected by marital infidelity. Conclusion: It can be concluded that integrated couples therapy is effective in enhancing forgiveness and marital intimacy among women affected by marital infidelity and can be used to reduce psychological problems in these women.

One way or another: the relationship between trust and transparency in buyer-supplier relationships

Based on a variety of environmental, technological, and product-orientated changes, there has been a shift towards increased global collaboration between buyers and suppliers. This paper examines the mutual influence of trust and transparency at different developmental stages of these collaborative relations. In particular, it investigates a correlation of trust and transparency. An extensive literature review is here combined with an exploratory-qualitative World Café method to analyse the correlation of trust and transparency in buyer-supplier relationships. We found that the direction of influence between trust and transparency changes in the phases of exploration, expansion and commitment in a buyer-supplier relationship. In contrast to the literature, empirical analysis found that, in the exploration phase, transparency is a precondition for the emergence of trust.

Funeral Company Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty

Purpose: The aim of the paper was to analyse and present the results of the research concerning customers satisfaction and loyalty. The uniqueness of this article is that it concerns funeral services that are associated with the sad event of the death of a loved one. The study examined the issue of customer satisfaction in funeral services and how it affects customer loyalty. Moreover, attention was also focused on the analysis of loyalty. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research methodology is based on customers surveys and a confrontation with the research literature. In addition, a literature analysis of the study of this phenomenon was carried out. Conclusions: The research showed that customers are satisfied with the funeral company they have previously used. They are willing to use this company again should the occasion arise. On this basis, it can be concluded that they are loyal customers. In addition, customers emphasised the understanding of their needs in the event of the death of a loved one. They also indicated calmness in customer service, good communication and keeping their word and the terms of the contract. It can be concluded that customers expect personalised contact with funeral company and a high level of emotional involvement in the relationship between service providers and bereaved family customers. If there are feelings in the relationship, it is trusting and enduring. Funeral homes can use these opportunities to create a relationship of trust and loyalty with the client. Practical implications: The results of the research deepen the understanding of strengthening customer relationships, with a particular focus on loyalty in such a sensitive topic as funeral home customer service. Customer loyalty is built by funeral directors and the relationship with the customer is deepened. With customer satisfaction, this happens naturally and the funeral company should not emphasise the slogan loyalty because, as mentioned earlier, the subject of death and the purchase of a funeral service is sensitive. Originality/value: The application of the solutions proposed in the article influences the development of knowledge in terms of deepening customer relations, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty when it comes to funeral companies. The article may be useful for companies in the funeral industry.

Funeral Company Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty

Purpose: The aim of the paper was to analyse and present the results of the research concerning customers satisfaction and loyalty. The uniqueness of this article is that it concerns funeral services that are associated with the sad event of the death of a loved one. The study examined the issue of customer satisfaction in funeral services and how it affects customer loyalty. Moreover, attention was also focused on the analysis of loyalty. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research methodology is based on customers surveys and a confrontation with the research literature. In addition, a literature analysis of the study of this phenomenon was carried out. Conclusions: The research showed that customers are satisfied with the funeral company they have previously used. They are willing to use this company again should the occasion arise. On this basis, it can be concluded that they are loyal customers. In addition, customers emphasised the understanding of their needs in the event of the death of a loved one. They also indicated calmness in customer service, good communication and keeping their word and the terms of the contract. It can be concluded that customers expect personalised contact with funeral company and a high level of emotional involvement in the relationship between service providers and bereaved family customers. If there are feelings in the relationship, it is trusting and enduring. Funeral homes can use these opportunities to create a relationship of trust and loyalty with the client. Practical implications: The results of the research deepen the understanding of strengthening customer relationships, with a particular focus on loyalty in such a sensitive topic as funeral home customer service. Customer loyalty is built by funeral directors and the relationship with the customer is deepened. With customer satisfaction, this happens naturally and the funeral company should not emphasise the slogan loyalty because, as mentioned earlier, the subject of death and the purchase of a funeral service is sensitive. Originality/value: The application of the solutions proposed in the article influences the development of knowledge in terms of deepening customer relations, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty when it comes to funeral companies. The article may be useful for companies in the funeral industry

Examining the psychological strain-affective organisational commitment relationship when jointly moderated by emotional support and in-group collectivism: a cross-cultural perspective

We develop a framework to study the effects of emotional support in the relationship between psychological strain and affective organisational commitment in different cultural contexts. Based on the job demands-resources model and conservation of resources theory, we hypothesise that employees' emotional support and in-group collectivism orientation jointly moderate the relationship between psychological strain and affective organisational commitment. We tested the hypothesis on a sample of 2,702 respondents from eight different countries: Germany, India, Indonesia, Poland, South Korea, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and the USA. The results highlight the roles of emotional support and in-group collectivism in employees' responses to psychological strain.

Examining the psychological strain-affective organisational commitment relationship when jointly moderated by emotional support and in-group collectivism: a cross-cultural perspective

Examining the psychological strain-affective organisational commitment relationship when jointly moderated by emotional support and in-group collectivism: a cross-cultural perspective

ПОЛІТИКА США ЩОДО УКРАЇНИ: МІЖ ЛІБЕРАЛЬНО-ДЕМОКРАТИЧНИМИ ЦІННОСТЯМИ ТА ПРАГМАТИЧНИМИ ІНТЕРЕСАМИ

The author analyzed in detail the main factors that influence the US policy towards Ukraine: 1) the relative importance of the internal and external priorities of the US, 2) the relative commitment to the policy of a united free Europe, 3) the relative importance of the policy towards Ukraine against other foreign policy priorities, 4) perceived complementarity Kyiv’s behavior with US interests and goals, 5) perceived coherence of Moscow’s behavior with US interests and goals, 6) relevant views of key figures in the executive branch of government and their relative influence, 7) pressure and restrictions from Congress, 8) pressure from Ukrainian organizations diaspora. In the first chapter of the monograph, the author addressed the period of R. Reagan’s presidency, when American policy towards the USSR consolidated liberal-democratic values and pragmatic interests. The second chapter examines in detail the vicissitudes of recognition of the independence of Ukraine by the United States. The third chapter of the monograph examines the role of the USA in the process of nuclear disarmament of Ukraine. The fourth chapter of the monograph is devoted to the US position regarding the Orange Revolution in Ukraine. In the fifth chapter, the author analyzed the reasons for the US’s refusal to provide assistance to Ukraine with lethal weapons.

Demand Side Limitations of Financing Household Energy Efficiency Investments : A Regional approach

The building sector represents 40% of the total energy use in the European Union. Without exploiting the energy efficiency potential of the sector, neither the Paris Agreement nor the related commitments of the European Union can be achieved. This paper takes a comparative regional approach, differentiating between Northern, Western and Central-Eastern Europe and aims to study the drivers for and barriers to residential energy efficiency investments based on the various demand side indicators related to the housing stock and financial capacity of households. This study finds that financing challenges are more striking in Central-Eastern Europe where households are more cost sensitive and risk averse. Although they are strongly motivated by higher energy bills relative to their income, they are often prevented from making the right investment decision by a number of market and behavioral failures. Public policy, meant to facilitate commercial lending activity on this market, should consider aiming at reducing the real or perceived costs of borrowing via grants, interest rate subsidies and portfolio guarantees. It could encourage households with similar risk profiles to form loan borrowing communities to spread, and thus mitigate, the risk of financing. The innovative public policy suggestions, addressing the demand side, presented in this paper and the topic in general require more research.

무용학원 선택속성 요인이 관계몰입 및 재등록 의사에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to provide effective data for the management and marketing strategies of dance academies by examining the effects of selection attribute factors on relationship commitment and re-enrollment intention.BRBR 1. To investigate the relationship between the selection attribute factors of a dance school and relationship commitment.BR 2. Identify the relationship between dance school selection attribute factors and re-enrollment intention.BR 3. Identify the relationship between relationship commitment and re-registration intention.

In negative life contexts men report a lower desire to end relationship if their partners are high in borderline behavioral characteristics. A quasiexperimental research

We investigated the relationship between borderline symptoms in women and their partner’s desire to continue the relationship and relationship commitment in an aversive living environment using an experimental design. We aimed to highlight the adaptive mechanisms of borderline symptoms, which may materialize in reproductive advantages for women in aversive contexts. We conducted two experiments to test the same hypotheses. In Study 1, online participants were assigned to the experimental group (N = 123). The experimental scenario hypothesized having a relationship with a woman high in borderline characteristics, during an aversive life environment. The control group (N = 118) hypothesized having a relationship with a woman high in borderline characteristics, during normal living conditions. We repeated the same experimental manipulation using a within-subjects design in Study 2 (N = 171). Environmental conditions influenced the desire to end the relationship with women characterized by borderline symptoms; men had a lower desire to end the relationship with their partner in aversive life events than in normal living conditions. Thus, women’s borderline behavioral characteristics may bring mating benefits in aversive living environments.

Structural Relationship of Sports Service Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Loyalty among Customers of Commercial Sport Centers in Hunan Province, China

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to verify the fit of the behavioral loyalty (BL) model for customers in commercial sport centers in Hunan Province, China, and verify the relationship between sport service quality (SSQ), perceived value (PV), satisfaction (S) and BL. METHOD The research subject is the customers of the commercial sport centers in Hunan Province, China. A total of 995 questionnaires were collected and after deleting 28 incomplete or incorrect questionnaires, 967 questionnaires were retained for data analysis. We used CFA to validate the measurement model and SEM for hypothesis testing. RESULT First, SSQ influences customers’ PV and S but does not influence BL. That is to say, a high level of SSQ in a sport centers can improve customers’ PV and S. Second, PV influences BL and S, and S also affects BL. In other words, a high level of PV can improve S and BL. CONCLUSION The results of this research provide some effective suggestions for the sport industry of commercial sport centers, and provide a reference direction for the future sport industry research field.

Psychological Effects of Sedentary Behaviour Among Medical Students

Introduction: Physical and sedentary activities have been distinguished as possibly modifiable hazard components for many diseases, counting mental ailment, and may be effective targets for open health policy and intervention. However, the relative commitment of physical activity versus sedentary conduct to mental wellbeing is less clear. Objective: To identify the psychological effects of sedentary behaviour among medical students Study Design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: M Islam Medical College Gujranwala Duration: Three months i.e. 1st January 2022 to 30th March 2022 Data Collection procedure: The study was conducted at M Islam Medical College Gujranwala to identify the psychological effects of sedentary behaviour among medical students. The cross sectional study conducted over 200 medical students. The Korean form of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), which was developed by Cohen et-al, was utilized in this study. Anxiety was measured with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), a self report scale that was created by Beck et al. Depression was measured utilizing the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: The total number of students who were participated in the study was 200 in which 82 were males and 118 were females. Psychological effects of sedentary behaviour among medical students on hourly basis, week days and on weekends were calculated. BMI, Mean and standard deviation were calculated in regard to stress, anxiety and depression. Practical implication Conclusion: Stress, anxiety, and depression are genuine mental wellbeing issues among college student groups. The sedentary behavior of college students was found to be significantly related to their mental problems in the present study. Be that as it may, until now, research has rarely been conducted to identify the mechanisms or interceding variables that clarify the relationship between sedentary behavior and stress, anxiety, and depression. Keywords: Sedentary behaviour, stress, psychological, anxiety, depression

Family values as predictors of the quality of close relationships

Aim The aim of this study was to determine if and in what way family values influence the quality of interpersonal relationships of adult siblings and the partners in close long-term relationships. Method In the conducted quantitative research three self-descriptive tools were used: Familism Scale, Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire and Commitment Inventory. The research included 234 adults (M = 35; SD = 9.128). Women accounted for 64.1% of the sample (n = 150). Results Among the most frequently chosen family value dimensions were Individualism, Family support and Respect. Family values appeared to be significant predictors for both the quality of adult sibling relationships and interpersonal commitment in a close long-term relationship. Conclusion Familism contributes to developing proper interpersonal relationships in close relationships.

Top Management Pledge, An Essential Component of Sustainable Manufacturer-Customer Relationships

This study reviews the role of top management commitment in realizing sustainability goals in interfirm and supply chain relationships. Next, the study employs the resource-based view of the firm to implicate top management commitment as a moderator of influences of green innovation practices on customer cooperation. Using survey design methodology, we collected data from different 181 ISO 14001 certified Turkish manufacturing firms. We tested the proposed hypotheses by using the hierarchical multivariate regression approach. The direct effect of top management commitment on green process innovation is significant, while its effect on green managerial innovation is insignificant. However, the results show that manufacturer-customer relationships support top management commitment as a positive moderator of the relationship between green innovation practices and customer cooperation. Our results underscore the vital role played by top management in the firm’s efforts to accomplish sustainability objectives and enhance interfirm cooperation. Further, the study contributes to the literature by revising the available literature on the different roles of top management commitment in green supply chains and business relationships.

Imagining Gender, Nation, and Consumerism in Magazines of the 1920s

Imagining Gender, Nation, and Consumerism in Magazines of the 1920s