Low Power Loss Research Articles

An Improved Fick’s Law Algorithm Based on Dynamic Lens-Imaging Learning Strategy for Planning a Hybrid Wind/Battery Energy System in Distribution Network

In this paper, optimal and multi-objective planning of a hybrid energy system (HES) with wind turbine and battery storage (WT/Battery) has been proposed to drop power loss, smooth voltage profile, enhance customers reliability, as well as minimize the net present cost of the hybrid system plus the battery degradation cost (BDC). Decision variables include the installation site of the hybrid system and size of the wind farm and battery storage. These variables are found with the help of a novel metaheuristic approach called improved Fick’s law algorithm (IFLA). To enhance the exploration performance and avoid the early incomplete convergence of the conventional Fick’s law (FLA) algorithm, a dynamic lens-imaging learning strategy (DLILS) based on opposition learning has been adopted. The planning problem has been implemented in two approaches without and considering BDC to analyze its impact on the reserve power level and the amount and quality of power loss, voltage profile, and reliability. A 33-bus distribution system has also been employed to validate the capability and efficiency of the suggested method. Simulation results have shown that the multi-objective planning of the hybrid WT/Battery energy system improves voltage and reliability and decreases power loss by managing the reserve power based on charging and discharging battery units and creating electrical planning with optimal power injection into the network. The results of simulations and evaluation of statistic analysis indicate the superiority of the IFLA in achieving the optimal solution with faster convergence than conventional FLA, particle swarm optimization (PSO), manta ray foraging optimizer (MRFO), and bat algorithm (BA). It has been observed that the proposed methodology based on IFLA in different approaches has obtained lower power loss and more desirable voltage profile and reliability than its counterparts. Simulation reports demonstrate that by considering BDC, the values of losses and voltage deviations are increased by 2.82% and 1.34%, respectively, and the reliability of network customers is weakened by 5.59% in comparison with a case in which this cost is neglected. Therefore, taking into account this parameter in the objective function can lead to the correct and real calculation of the improvement rate of each of the objectives, especially the improvement of the reliability level, as well as making the correct decisions of network planners based on these findings.

Distribution Network Reconfiguration Using Iterative Branch Exchange and Clustering Technique

The distribution network reconfiguration problem (DNRP) refers to the challenge of searching for a given power distribution network configuration with better operating conditions, such as minimized energy losses and improved voltage levels. To accomplish that, this paper revisits the branch exchange heuristics and presents a method in which it is coupled with other techniques such as evolutionary metaheuristics and cluster analysis. The methodology is applied to four benchmark networks, the 33-, 70-, 84-, and 136-bus networks, and the results are compared with those available in the literature, using the criteria of the number of power flow executions. The methodology minimized the four systems starting from the initial configuration of the network. The main contributions of this work are the use of clustering techniques to reduce the search space of the DNRP; the consideration of voltage regulation banks and voltage-dependent loads in the feeder, requiring the addition of a constraint to the mono-objective model to guarantee the transferred load will be supplied at the best voltage magnitude level, and the application of the methodology in real distribution networks to solve a set of 81 real DNRPs from CEMIG-D (the distribution branch of the Energy Company of Minas Gerais). Four out of those are presented as case studies to demonstrate the applicability of the approach, which efficiently found configurations with lower power and energy losses with few PF runs.

An Adaptive Method to Reduce Undershoots and Overshoots in Power Switching Transistors Through a Low-Complexity Active Gate Driver

Active gate drivers lend themselves well to reducing over- and undervoltages during the commutations of hard switched power transistors, as well as to damping resonances. However, their control strategy is a major challenge, as it should account for variations of operating condition, parameter spread, and nonlinearities of the driven transistor. This article proposes an effective control method to reduce overshoots and undershoots in a power transistor driven by an active gate driver. The modulation pattern is modified on-the-fly and none <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</i> characterization is required. The presented method modifies the timing parameter to attain almost zero over- and undervoltages with the lowest power losses. This is achieved by combining a low-complexity active gate driver with the measurements of peak values of the drain–source voltage. The technique was experimentally assessed for a 48–12 V dc–dc converter, and resulted in better switching performance than standard solutions and open-loop control.

Cascaded SiC JFET Topology for High-Voltage Solid-State Circuit Breaker Applications

With evolving landscape of direct current (DC) power transmission and distribution, a reliable and fast protection against faults is critical. High performance DC solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) can be designed using silicon carbide (SiC) junction field-effect transistors (JFETs), which utilize the device's intrinsic normally-ON characteristic and low ON-resistance. However, for SSCB that require high-voltage (HV) blocking capability, a proper number of JFETs need to be connected in series to achieve the desired voltage blocking rating. It has been conventional to add a controlling normally-OFF transistor, such a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), resulting in a circuit with normally-OFF behavior. However, disparities both in the voltage rating and in the ON-resistance between MOSFETs and JFETs tend to complicate the circuit design, and physically, they may lead to serious localized thermal stresses. A significant challenge remains with ensuring equal voltage balancing across the JFETs during the switching transitions as well as the blocking stage as it is crucial to prevent permanent damages from over-voltage stresses. Therefore, this article presents a new switch topology, in which a cascaded JFET configuration is operated without using a control MOSFET or other added control device. The dynamic voltage balancing network to synchronize both the JFETs' turn ON and OFF intervals is described analytically. Moreover, a novel static voltage balancing network is proposed to establish equal sharing of the total blocking voltage across the series connection of JFETs while maintaining low power loss.

Mitigation of Power Losses and Enhancement in Voltage Profile by Optimal Placement of Capacitor Banks With Particle Swarm Optimization in Radial Distribution Networks

The prime purpose of placing a capacitor bank in a power system is to provide reactive power, reduce power losses, and enhances voltage profile. The main challenge is to determine the optimum capacitor position and size that reduces both system power losses and the overall cost of the system with rigid constraints. For this purpose, different optimization techniques are used, for example Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which converges the complex non-linear problem in a systematic and methodological way to find the best optimal solution. In this paper, the standard IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus systems are used to find the optimum location and size of the capacitors bank. These power networks are simulated in Siemens PSS®E software. For the optimum solution of capacitor banks, the PSO algorithm is used. The PSO fitness function is modelled in such a way which contains the high average bus voltage, the small size of capacitor banks, and low power losses. The fitness function used is a weighted type to reduce the computation time and multi-objective function complexity.

A multifunctional additive strategy to stabilize the precursor solution and passivate film defects for MA-free perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of 22.75%

Though great progress has been realized in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), there are still some thorny challenges that exist such as 1) low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and loss of stability due to the defects in the film; 2) poor reproducibility of solution-processed PSCs due to the unstable perovskite precursor solution. Here, an effective multifunctional additive, benzoyl hydrazine (BH), was developed to modify the perovskite film. The result shows that the defect of the film decreased after BH modification due to the interaction between BH and perovskite. Meanwhile, the I ions (I−) migration is also suppressed due to the weak interaction between BH and perovskite. In addition, the –NH–NH2 in BH can reduce the undesired I2 by reducing it to I−. Finally, the PCE of PSCs modified by BH achieved a PCE of 22.75%, which is one of the highest PCE of the reported MA-free PSCs. The modified device still exhibited excellent stability in different conditions.

Development of a smart hybrid drive system with advanced logistics for railway applications

Fuel Hydrogen cells become nowadays a major candidate to replace the diesel in powering the traction locomotives since they offer low emission of pollutant gases, high efficiency, and flexible modular structure without the need for installation of electrification infrastructure for railway networks. However, they cannot respond appropriately to the fast load transients due to their slow internal electrochemical and thermodynamic responses. Therefore, they shall be integrated with fast dynamics Li-ion battery cells to form a hybrid power source for traction systems. Accordingly, this paper presents a development of a new smart integrated power source of fuel hydrogen and Li-ion battery cells to supply dual three-phase machines for driving the trains in railway networks. The developed control management system is regulating the two power sources according to the train operational modes as well as the battery state of charge. In addition to that, dual three-phase machines offer several superiorities over the conventional three-phase machines such as lower harmonic distortion and power losses along with higher power density and fault tolerance. A designated railway line is nominated through selection criteria in this paper for the implementation of the new smart drive traction system in HIL platform using Typhoon HIL real time simulator. Moreover, an optimization analysis has been carried out to reduce the overall hydrogen consumption with the same journey time spent for a designated railway line using particle swarm optimization approach. Finally, a case study is presented to illustrate a proof of concept for designing the hydrogen refueling station for such railways which are supplied by the new integrated power source of fuel hydrogen and Li-ion battery cells. The case study investigates the site selection, operational assessment, and equipment requirements.

Single‐switch coupled‐inductors‐based high step‐up converter with reduced voltage stress

AbstractThis paper proposes a non‐isolated DC‐DC high step‐up converter. To achieve a high voltage conversion ratio and overcome the problems related to near unity duty‐cycle of the conventional boost converter in high step‐up applications, coupled‐inductors along with switch‐capacitor techniques are merged in this topology. The proposed converter provides continuous input current with low ripple without using any current ripple cancellation method and the voltage across the switch is limited inherently. In order to reduce the control circuit complexity, the proposed converter uses only one switch. These features decrease the complexity of the proposed converter structure. The voltage stress of the semiconductor components is reduced significantly; thus, high‐quality elements (fast power MOSFET switches with low on‐state resistance and Schottky diodes with low forward voltage drop along with low power losses) can be used, which minimizes the switching and conduction losses and improves the converter efficiency. To confirm the converter operation and theoretical analysis, a 200‐W prototype converter with 24‐to‐200‐V input and output voltages operating at 100‐kHz is implemented in the laboratory.

DC-DC Converters Topology

In this paper the various perspectives on different dc-dc converters are reviewed . The various advantages and disadvantages of both Converter topologies that are classical and recent converters and overview of dc micro grid are discussed. From the data we found that every Converter has some advantages and disadvantages also but the Buck, Boost, Cuk and zeta Converter have less ripple. And Buck and Boost has the best efficiency as per cost. The dc micro grid has lots of advantages over AC microgrids; they can perform reliable operation, higher efficiency, low power loss and no skin effect. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. Advanced dc converters are also reviewed.

Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM Band

This paper proposes a wideband ultra-compact implantable antenna for a wireless body area network (WBAN). The proposed patch antenna works in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. The proposed patch antenna with an ultra-compact size (5 × 5 × 0.26 mm3) was designed with 29% wide bandwidth (about 670 MHz). This wide bandwidth makes the antenna unaffected by implantation in different human body parts. The miniaturization process passed many steps by adding many slots with different shapes in the radiating element as well as in the ground plane. A 50 Ω coaxial feeding excites the antenna to maintain matching and low power loss. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated for health considerations. The result was within the standard limits of IEEE organizations and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP). The antenna was tested in tissues with multiple layers (up to seven layers) and at various depths (up to 29 mm). The link margin was calculated, and the proposed antenna enables 100 Kbps of data to be transferred over a distance of 20 m and approximately 1 Mbps over a distance of 7 m. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. The measured S11 parameters and the simulated results using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST Studio) simulator were in good agreement.

Replacement of LVDS to HVDS for Reduction in Distribution Losses, Improvement in Voltage Profiles and Economic Analysis for National Saving

Introduction: Rural electrification in India is planned with high-capacity distribution transformers which supply the isolated location loads of various categories like agricultural, household, small business, etc. This distribution system planning with non-optimal distribution transformers leads to poor voltage profiles and high power losses in the distribution network. This paper presents that a High-Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) is more suitable than a Low- Voltage Distribution System (LVDS). Methods: A model is developed to evaluate the technical losses, voltage profiles, and optimal payback period of the investments for the planned HVDS network. The replacement of LVDS with HVDS is achieved by replacing high-capacity distribution transformers with small-capacity at optimal locations. Results: The results of this study are validated on the real 11kV agricultural feeder of the Narshinghpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India. Conclusion: The results demonstrate improvement in voltage profiles, low power losses, and optimal payback period for the proposed problem. The obtained results proved that the replacement of LVDS with HVDS would be more beneficial for rural electric power distribution system planning.

Novel Energy Management Strategy for Electric Vehicles to Improve Driving Range

This study aims to minimize the losses of an Electric Vehicle (EV) and improve its driving range by introducing a multidimensional Energy Management Strategy (EMS). The exact behavior of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) is studied through various experimental tests. An efficiency map and a power loss map are derived by calculating the losses of motor-inverter system in harmonics and fundamental frequency. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained to model the motor-inverter system. The required kinetic energy on the axle to move the vehicle is estimated using the longitudinal model of the vehicle. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is set to find the optimum operational conditions that require lower force on the axle and guarantees lower power loss. Several tests and benchmarks are conducted on each subsystem to validate their effectiveness. The resultant is an EMS that optimizes the speed profile, and reduces consumption by 12 to 17 percent when contrasted against four internationally recognized driving cycles.

Investigations on System Integration Method and Optimum Design Method of Electro-Mechanical Actuator System

With technological advances and industrial upgrading, high-performance equipment has put higher demands on the performance of electro-mechanical actuators. With a view to making electro-mechanical actuators more reliable and integrated, firstly, an integrated electro-mechanical actuator module (IEMM) with multiple structural forms was proposed in this paper, and a comparative analysis was performed on the characteristics of different transmission schemes. Then, the feasibility of manufacturing the IEMM’s main bearing components using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) with higher specific stiffness, specific modulus and specific strength was demonstrated by finite element simulation (FEA) software, in a bid to further reduce the weight of the IEMM. Next, a parameter estimation model, a heating power calculation model, and a thermal resistance calculation model were built, so that there is no need to rebuild the whole system model under different demand indexes. On this basis, a multi-objective optimization design model was built with light weight, low power loss, and high level of integration as optimization aims to achieve better comprehensive performance in the early design phase of the IEMM system. However, IEMM’s higher level of integration and its shell made of CFRP with a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W/m°C posed a challenge to the heat dissipation of the motor stator. Therefore, a thermal network model needs to be created in AMESim to evaluate the temperature of IEMM’s parts and components under different working conditions. Finally, the process of IEMM performance optimization design was described and improved, and performance optimization design was conducted by taking one of IEMM’s transmission schemes as an example.

Magnetic and loss characteristics of &lt;b&gt;γ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N soft magnetic composites

Soft magnetic composite materials are prepared by mixing magnetic materials and insulating materials, which possess both the excellent magnetism of magnetic materials and the low resistivity of insulating materials. They possess broad application prospects in emerging power electronics industries such as photovoltaic inverters, new energy vehicles, and charging stations. The third-generation high-frequency wide bandgap semiconductors, mainly composed of SiC and GaN, have the operating frequency of soft magnetic materials raised to MHz. However, current soft magnetic materials have significant core losses at high frequencies. Therefore, people are focus their attention on developing new soft magnetic composite materials to reduce iron core losses at high frequencies. In this paper, γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N with high resistivity is prepared by nitriding carbonyl iron powders, showing its excellent soft magnetic properties, and the γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N is ball-milled to become easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N powder. Compared with the none easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N powders, the none easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N powders are spherical in shape, the easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N powders exhibit a high aspect to thickness ratio in sheet shape. The obtained easy plane powders are mixed with polyurethane insulation to make the soft magnetic composite. There is a significant difference between the in-plane and out-of-plane hysteresis loop of the magnetostatic easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N soft magnetic composite, and the in-plane hysteresis loop is more easily magnetized to saturation state. The degree of plane orientation is 98.46%. The fitting analysis results of the Jiles-Atherton model also prove its easy plane characteristic, and has higher effective permeability and lower power loss than the counterparts of the none easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N composite that is not ball-milled. After loss separation, it is found that in a low frequency range, hysteresis loss is the main loss, while in a high frequency range, the excess loss will surpass the hysteresis loss, acting as the main loss, the magnetostatic easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N soft magnetic composites material reduces hysteresis loss and excess loss. Comparing with similar soft magnetic composites, the eddy current effect in magnetic iron particles is reduced by nitriding process, and the magnetostatic easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N soft magnetic composite has excellent high-frequency soft magnetic properties. Magnetostatic easy plane γ&lt;i&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;-Fe&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N provides a new idea for the high-frequency application of soft magnetic composites matching the third generation wide bandgap semiconductors.

A Reconfigurable Half-Bridge Compensation Topology-Based WPT System With Constant Current and Constant Voltage Outputs

A reconfigurable half-bridge compensation topology is proposed in this brief for automatic guided vehicles (AGV) wireless charging system. Considering the cost and reliability, a simple and reconfigurable structure without extra passive element and additional relay is developed, the reconfigurable topology could realize the shift from inductor-capacitor-capacitor-inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC-LCC) topology to series-inductor-capacitor-capacitor (S-LCC) topology, and further achieve load-independent constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) outputs, full design freedom for current and voltage gain. Accompanying with a special switching strategy of mode transition, the proposed reconfigurable circuit could realize smooth cutting off of inductor current without spike across switch. Moreover, module of zero-current could be saved in the proposed topology. The proposed circuit has less switches and could achieve zero phase angle (ZPA) operating and zero voltage switching (ZVS) in the whole charging process, which allows the lower cost and power losses. An experimental prototype is established to validate the feasibility of the reconfigurable half-bridge compensation topology and switching strategy.

Study on optimization of heat-resistant conductor in line capacity expansion

Due to the low transmission capacity margin of overhead conductors of ACSR type in the existing grid structure, the large-scale grid connection of new energy is greatly limited. However, 60% of IACS heat-resistant conductors have low conductivity and high power loss in the transmission process. Therefore, 61.5% of IACS heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductors with high conductivity are developed for line capacity expansion and reconstruction. The feasibility of 61.5% IACS high conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy stranded conductor is analyzed in combination with the example of urban power line capacity expansion and transformation. Under the condition that the call height margin of the original line tower is sufficient, the use of this type of conductor can achieve obvious energy saving effect and effectively improve the transmission capacity and energy utilization rate of the line have been increased. Under the condition that the sag of the conductor and the bearing capacity of the tower do not increase compared with the original line, the capacity of the original line can be increased by at least 1.4 times by using this type of conductor. At the same time, because the conductor uses aluminum clad steel core as the reinforcing core, the corrosion resistance of the conductor is effectively improved to ensure the overhead transmission in coastal areas or heavily polluted areas safe operation reliability of electric lines.

Gap Waveguide Technology: An Overview of Millimeter-Wave Circuits Based on Gap Waveguide Technology Using Different Fabrication Technologies

With the fast development of next-generation wireless communication and radar sensing, the millimeter-wave frequency band is becoming more and more important due to its rich spectrum, wide bandwidth, and ability to support the miniaturization of antennas and circuits <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[3]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[4]</xref> . High-performance, low-loss, and low-cost millimeter-wave circuits and modules are the key elements for wireless front-end systems. For planar transmission lines, such as microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides, they are very easy to integrate with other circuits for low-cost and low-profile physical designs. However, the high insertion loss and radiation loss from planar transmission lines limit their applications at the millimeter-waveband. As for rectangular and cylindrical waveguides, their main application is in the areas of low loss and high power handling, but their 3D structure is difficult to integrate with other planar passive and active circuits. The substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) is a better way to merge the advantages of planar transmission lines and rectangular waveguides, but it still suffers from dielectric losses at the millimeter-wave frequency range.

Analysis and research of communication network system based on low power loss routing protocol

Analysis and research of communication network system based on low power loss routing protocol

The State-of-the-art of Wireless Charging of Drones via Inductive Power Transfer and Capacitive Power Transfer

Nowadays, two kinds of WPT systems, inductive power transfer (IPT) and capacitive power transfer (CPT), are becoming increasingly popular for applications such as medical devices, aeronautical and space technologies. In the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), one of the most important things is the charging efficiency of the battery. This paper aims at finding optimal structures and comparing the fundamental structures between CPT and IPT. Then according to the basic features of UAV, this paper seeks for the most suitable wireless charging system based on the specific characteristics of CPT and IPT. IPT is with high flux leakage and huge heat dissipation, but it can only travel a short distance. CPT has low active power loss and there is no need for specialized personnel to maintain and manage, and also no noise, but it is poor stability against external short circuit and its characteristic is not good.

Minimizing the Active Power Losses and Retaining the Voltage Profile of the Distribution System Using Soft Computing Techniques with DG Source

The motivation of this research is to curtail the active power losses in the radial distribution system. This paper proposes a novel voltage stability indicator to determine the optimum conductor sizes for various distribution lines and find the conductor stability limit. This work proposes a new BAT algorithm for finding the optimal switching configurations using reconfiguration, which is used to minimize the active power losses. The proposed BAT algorithm gives the optimal locations to place the required amount of DG sources to improve the stability and minimize the power losses and maintain the voltage profile of the systems. The proposed BAT algorithm has been executed with the MATLAB 2016 software and compared with the differential evolution technique for IEEE 33 bus, IEEE 69 bus, and Indian real time 62 bus systems. The test results are applied on different conductors, and the real power flow on the different conductors are mapped in the proposed method using the novel voltage stability indicator. The radial distribution system has lower power losses, best voltage profile, cost of saving the DG source, optimal placing of a suitable rating of the DG source, optimal location of the DG source, and cost of saving the DG source which were achieved in this work. In this research, the distributed load flow analysis is implemented to find the parameters by the forward-backward sweep algorithm. The minimum bus voltage 0.95 pu is virtual in all the conductors. The loss reduction in the DE for IEEE 33 bus has been reduced from 42.4% to 45.3% and the loss reduction in IEEE 69 bus from 36.2% to 38.8% and the real time 62 bus from 47.5% to 49.15%. The loss reduction in the BAT algorithm for IEEE 33 bus has been reduced from 38.46% to 45.3% and the loss reduction in IEEE 69 bus is from 32.2% to 38.8%. The Indian standard real time 62 bus has been reduced from 38.92% to 49.15%. The proposed results are compared with the DE and BAT algorithm. The proposed BAT algorithm is found to be more effectual in reducing voltage deviation (VD) and reducing the power losses in the system.