Low Category Research Articles

Clustering and Mapping of Agricultural Production Based on Geographic Information System Using K-Medoids Algorithm

North Aceh is a district in Aceh Province, Indonesia, with significant potential in agriculture and plantations. Agricultural products, particularly food crops and horticulture, serve as leading commodities, as most of the region is a major producer of agricultural goods. This study identifies the absence of a mapping and clustering system for agricultural production in North Aceh, which complicates the classification of production levels into low, medium, and high categories. To address this issue, this research develops a mapping and clustering system for agricultural production using the K-Medoids algorithm. The system categorizes production into high-production clusters (C1), medium-production clusters (C2), and low-production clusters (C3). The research process includes a literature review, data collection, data analysis, implementation of the K-Medoids algorithm, and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping. Using 25 test data points from 27 sub-districts in 2023, the study identifies high-production clusters (C1) for commodities such as rice, soybean, mango, starfruit, guava, water guava, Siamese oranges, large oranges, mangosteen, pineapple, mustard greens, soursop, breadfruit, gnetum, twisted cluster bean, and duku. Medium-production clusters (C2) include corn, durian, papaya, banana, rambutan, jackfruit, and jengkol, while low-production clusters (C3) include avocado and snake fruit. These results are visualized through a GIS-based map. The study demonstrates that the K-Medoids algorithm effectively clusters agricultural production in North Aceh, providing valuable insights for local governments and stakeholders to support decision-making in agricultural planning and management for food security.

Joint Associations of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents.

This study aims to explore the joint associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 309 participants (10-16 years old). Measurements included accelerometer-measured MVPA and ST, anthropometrics, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. MVPA and ST were categorized as high or low based on median values (MVPA 27.7 min/day, ST 597.7 min/day). General Linear Models assessed associations of MVPA and ST with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors, adjusted for covariates. We observed significant inverse associations between MVPA and adiposity measures. Thus, participants in the Low MVPA category, compared to those in the High category, had higher BMI (2.23 units), z-BMI (0.43 units), waist circumference (6.1 cm), fat mass (4.6 kg), body fat (3.9%) and visceral fat (0.13 L), indicating that higher MVPA is linked to healthier body composition. No significant associations were found between ST and adiposity. MVPA was also negatively associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors, whereas ST showed no significant associations. This study highlights the need to prioritize increasing MVPA among adolescents to support healthy body composition and improve cardiometabolic health. Although ST did not show significant associations, it remains important to limit sedentary behaviors due to their potential contribution to negative health outcomes later in life.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Operasi Hitung Siswa Kelas VII Melalui Program Kelas Numerasi SMPN 16 Mataram

Numeracy skills are fundamental abilities that every student must possess to understand mathematical concepts. Indonesia ranks 74th out of 79 countries in terms of numeracy proficiency, indicating the low ability of students to comprehend basic mathematical concepts and solve numeracy-based problems. According to the 2024 National Assessment results, the majority of students in this region fall into the low category for numeracy literacy. This is further supported by data from SMPN 16 Mataram, where field observations reveal that many students struggle with mastering basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, which are foundational for understanding more advanced mathematical concepts. Therefore, this community service aims to help students develop skills in understanding and operating basic algebraic concepts, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of algebraic expressions. This service is conducted at SMPN 16 Mataram, located in Mataram city, with the participants being 23 students from class VII of SMP in Mataram. The data used in this service activity is sourced from the implementation of the Madrasah Indonesia Competency Assessment (AKM) guidance activity to improve students' literacy and numeracy competencies at SMPN 16 Mataram, conducted by 7th grade mathematics teacher. The evaluation of the activity was done through interviews with both the teacher and the students of grade 7th. The results of this activity show a significant improvement in the numeracy skills of students in algebraic arithmetic operations at SMPN 16 Mataram, class VII. This improvement is measurable, with the average score initially at 40, which then increased to 70 after the implementation of the program or community service activities. This indicates that students who previously had difficulty understanding and mastering algebraic arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with variables or algebraic expressions, made significant progress after being given guidance and practice. Therefore, the addition of numeracy-focused programs is effective in helping students solve problems.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Alat Peraga Pembentukan Urine Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Sains Siswa SD

In Indonesia, according to the 2022 PISA results, students' scientific literacy is in a low category, equivalent to the results obtained in 2006, and is ranked 68th out of 81 countries. Based on existing problems, innovation is needed to increase scientific literacy, one of which is using science teaching aids. This research examines the effect of using urine formation teaching aids on the scientific literacy abilities of grade IV students at SDN 2 Riang Bandung. In this research, the method used is a quantitative method in which the research experiments with a one-group pretest-posttest design, and the data collection techniques are in the form of observation, tests, and documentation. The data processing technique was obtained through test instrument testing and hypothesis testing. From processing this data, the normality test value was obtained, which had a pretest value of 0.171, then the post-test value was 0.051, which stated that the value was normal. Then the homogeneity test which has a pretest value of 0.075 which is explained that the value is greater than 0.05 which is stated that the value is homogeneous. Finally, the paired sample t-test has a pretest value of 0.000, which means the value is smaller than 0.05. Thus it can be stated that the null hypothesis value (Ho) is rejected and the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Hypothesis testing proves that using urine formation props on the scientific literacy skills of elementary school students has a great influence on class IV of SDN 2 Riang Bandung.

Enhancing Student Learning Motivation Through Interactive Augmented Reality-Based E-Modules on Global Warming

The students' learning motivation in high school is still relatively low to participate in physics learning. This research aims to enhance students' learning motivation using Augmented Reality (AR)-based interactive E-Modules in physics learning on global warming materials. The method used is pre-experimental, with the design of one pretest-posttest group and analysis techniques using the Rasch stacking model. The research sample comprised 36 students in class X at Sukabumi City High School. The data collection instrument is in the form of a learning motivation questionnaire that three lecturers have validated. The analysis showed that all students experienced increased positive learning motivation. The use of AR-based interactive E-Module was able to increase the learning motivation of students in the medium category by 64% (23 students), the high category by 11% (4 students), and the low category by 25% (9 students). These findings show that AR technology in physics learning can significantly increase students' motivation to learn and increase their engagement and understanding of physics subjects. Thus, AR technology has the potential to be an effective tool in more interesting future learning methods, especially in complex subjects such as physics.

Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations and overall mortality among adults with colorectal cancer in a multiethnic cohort study.

29 Background: High adherence to AICR recommendations on diet, adiposity, and physical activity is associated with improved survival among adults with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, over 80% of participants in existing studies self-reported as non-Hispanic White (NHW). We studied the association between adherence to AICR recommendations and overall mortality among adults with CRC in a multiethnic cohort. Methods: This prospective analysis used data from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study. The MEC is a racially/ ethnically diverse cohort of over 200,000 participants residing in Hawaii and Los Angeles. Lifestyle behaviors in the MEC were assessed by questionnaire at enrolment/Q1 (1993-1996) and periodically over follow-up. We included those with incident CRC before completing Q3 (2003-2008). Follow-up was from Q3 survey completion to December 2019. The main exposure was the standardized AICR score [0-7 points] at Q3. The primary outcome was overall mortality; CRC-specific mortality was secondary. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: There were 1127 adults diagnosed with CRC prior to Q3. Of these, 1079 (95.7%) had non-missing data on the AICR score and comprised our study population. Median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 69 (62-75); median (IQR) follow-up was 12.2 (0.1-16.4) years. There were 489 (45.3%) women. By self-reported race/ethnicity, there were: 153 (14.2%) Black/African Americans, 453 (42.0%) Japanese Americans, 79 (7.3%) Latinos, 165 (15.3%) Native Hawaiians, and 229 (21.2%) NHWs. Only 48 (4.4%) adults had high adherence (AICR≥5 points). Those in the highest category of AICR scores (AICR≥4.5) had statistically significant lower risk of overall mortality relative to those in the lowest category (AICR≤2.5) (HR: 0.64, 95% CI, 0.47-0.89). A similar (but non-statistically significant) association was observed with CRC-specific mortality [HR (high vs low): 0.70, 95% CI, 0.31-1.60]. Those who increased their score between Q1&Q3 had lower overall mortality (HR: 0.87, 95% CI,0.79 - 0.96). Similar trends were observed in stratified analysis by race/ethnicity; however, statistical power was limited. Conclusions: High adherence to AICR recommendations was associated with lower risk of overall mortality in this multiethnic population of adults with CRC. Efforts to increase adherence to AICR recommendations in this population are needed.

Polygenic risk score, dietary inflammatory potential, and incident coronary heart disease.

Dietary inflammatory potential and genetic factors are reported as being linked to coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to investigate their joint association with CHD incidence. We included 51 889 British participants from the UK Biobank who completed the 24-h dietary assessment at baseline. We used reduced rank regression and stepwise linear regression analyses to generate an empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score to assess dietary inflammatory potential. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for CHD was constructed based on 1.7 million genetic variants. During a median follow-up of 11 years, 1346 incident cases of CHD were observed. High EDIP scores significantly increased the risk of CHD with the hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.26 (1.10-1.45) for high EDIP scores (T3) compared with low EDIP scores (T1). Interestingly, we observed a gradient in the risk of CHD across PRS categories, with the HRs of 1.12 (95% CI: 0.73-1.71), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01-1.43), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10-1.83) in low (Q1), intermediate (Q2-4), and high (Q5) PRS categories, respectively. When the joint effect was examined, individuals with high PRS (Q5) and high EDIP scores (T3) would have the highest risk of CHD with a HR of 3.87 (95% CI: 2.74-5.46) compared with individuals with both low PRS (Q1) and low EDIP scores. High dietary inflammatory potential was associated with a higher CHD risk, especially in those with high PRS, suggesting that a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory diet and genetic factors may be beneficial in the prevention of CHD.

Analysis of Kazakhstan Oil Shale Deposits in Accordance with Resource Estimation Practices for Consideration of Potential Shale Oil Reserves

Most oil shale deposits in Kazakhstan were estimated without detailed calculations of the grade and tonnages and included low confidence categories, i.e., Inferred, Off-Balance, and Non-Economic oil shales, on which cannot be given any oil reserves. An analysis of Kazakhstan oil shale deposits in accordance with resource estimation practices for consideration of potential shale oil tonnages has been produced. The developed methodology considers extraction and processing recoveries of conventional and unconventional mining methods. The methodology uses Monte Carlo modeling to estimate a range of oil content and oil recoveries and uses the event tree analysis to demonstrate how the initial oil shale material tonnages and grades go through various fault and success branches, considering probabilities distributions and estimating potential shale oil tones at the end. As a result, this estimation methodology has been validated by high-ranked resource category oil shale deposits, which demonstrated the range of potential shale oil in the range of 10.7–16.8 Mt at the 50% confidence level. The results will be used for further consideration in financial-economic feasibility studies, which must take into account operational and capital expenses, product sale prices and market, and social-environmental aspects.

The comparison of pulsed wave velocity measured with oscillometric method and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in patients with wide range of cardiovascular risk

Abstract Background Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) is an important parameter in assessing arterial stiffness and potent predictor of cardiovascular risk, however its clinical usage remains limited. Whereas there is a range of dedicated devices (based on oscillometric or tonometric methods) the inclusion of PWV evaluation to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) may increase significally its application. Purpose Our aim was to compare PWV measured with oscillometry signed as aPWV with this parameter measured by TTE, signed as ePWV during one examination (within 15 minutes time) and to evaluate the correlations of these parameters with clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. Methods We included 56 patients (mean age 55 years; 65% female), who underwent both TTE with Doppler examination of flow in carotid and femoral artery and ePWV calculation as well as oscillometric measurement of aPVW in the right brachial artery. ePWV was calculated using Doppler spectra registered in the both carotid and femoral arteries as well as a distance between points of measurements as the distance divided by estimated pulse wave transit time (achieved with simultaneous ECG recording). Studied group was divided into low and high cardiovascular risk category according SCORE2 scale for the primary prevention. As a low risk group, LR, we accepted those with score ≤5% including to HR group also secondary prevention patients (high risk group, HR). Results Oscillometric measurements were obtained in 50 patients (aPWV feasibility 89%) and Doppler parameters in all patients (ePWV feasibility 100%). Intra- and interobserver agreement was good for all measurements with coefficients of variation < 15%. PWV parameters, measured by both methods, showed a significant positive correlation with rho = 0.675, p<0.0001 as well as a good discriminatory potential between LR and HR groups (Figure 1). The HR group was older had faster PWV as well as higher LAV, E/E' and IMT values and lower TAPSE (see Table). Moreover, significant correlation between ePWV value and carotid IMT was observed with coefficient rho = 0.576, p = 0.0017, whereas this correlation achieved rho = 0.419, p=0.047 for aPWV. Conclusions ePWV based on Doppler echocardiography is a safe and highly feasible method of PWV measurement, showing good correlation with oscillometric assessment and providing data reflecting well cardiovascular risk as well as IMT of carotid arteries. Table. Comparison between LR and HR groups. Table Legend: T (R-flow) – time from R wave to Doppler spectrum of flow, ePWV or aPWV – pulsed wave velocity assessed with echocardiography or automatically, IMT- intima media thickness, LAV- left atrial volume, E/E’ - early mitral inflow to early mitral annulus motion ratio, LV EF, left ventricular ejection fraction, FAC – fractional area change of the right ventricle, TAPSE- tricuspid annulus plane systolic motion, RV S’ – tricuspid annulus systolic motion with tissue Doppler imaging. aPWV with ePWV correlation in LR and HR Table. Comparison of LR and HR groups

The Effect of Role-Playing Methods on Early Childhood Social-Emotional Development

This research is a quantitative study using an experimental method. The research design employed is a one-group pretest-posttest aimed at (1) determining the social skills of children in Group B at KB Al-Qalam before the role-playing method is applied, (2) determining the socio-emotional skills of children in Group B at KB Al-Qalam after the role-playing method is applied, and (3) analyzing whether there is an influence of the role-playing method on the socio-emotional development of early childhood children in Group B at KB Al-Qalam. The independent variable in this study is the role-playing method, while the dependent variable is the socio-emotional skills of the children. The sample in this study consists of all children in Group B at KB Al-Qalam, totalling 15 children. The data obtained from the research show that (1) the social skills of children in Group B at KB Al-Qalam before the role-playing method was applied were in the very low category, with a percentage of 60%, (2) the socio-emotional skills of children in Group B at KB Al-Qalam after the role-playing method was applied were in the moderate category, with a percentage of 33%, and (3) there is an influence of the role-playing method in developing the socio-emotional skills of children in Group B at KB Al-Qalam.

The usage of the paris classification system in urine cytology in the diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a retrospective single-center study

PurposeThis retrospective single-center study aimed to determine the correlation between The Paris System (TPS) urine cytology classification, cystoscopy findings, and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer diagnosis. In addition, we sought to identify factors that might explain the abnormal cytology classification in cases in which no malignancy was detected.MethodsA Total of 855 patients evaluated with urine cytology between 2017 and 2020 at Kuopio University Hospital were included. Histological diagnoses and urinalysis results were correlated with cytology (TPS). Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used to calculate statistical significance.ResultsIn the absence of exophytic tumors on cystoscopy, the risks of bladder cancer was 0.1% for NHGUC, 1.5% for AUC, 22.7% for SHGUC, and 83.3% for HGUC. Positive urinalysis corresponded to lower cytological diagnostic categories in both males and females. A statistically significant difference was observed in males with respect to moderate pyuria, hematuria, and higher cytological categories.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that a biopsy or follow-up may not be necessary for patients without a prior history of urothelial carcinoma and without exophytic tumors observed on cystoscopy, when the cytological diagnosis is NHGUC or AUC. Furthermore, concurrent hematuria and pyuria may result in a higher cytological classification.

Educational attainment as a potential effect modifier of alcohol use and 100% alcohol-attributable mortality in the United States-A longitudinal analysis of mortality linked survey data from 1997 to 2018.

To measure effects between educational attainment and alcohol use as a driver of unequal alcohol-attributable mortality. Nation-wide cohort study using a longitudinal design, linking data from the 1997-2018 National Health Interview Survey to mortality data of the National Death Index in 2019. The study has an average follow-up time of 10.7years (SD = 6.4). United States. Nationally representative sample of adults aged 25 years and older. The outcome was time to 100% alcohol-attributable mortality, censored or last presumed alive by 31 December 2019. Socioeconomic status was operationalized via educational attainment; alcohol use was self-reported and operationalized using a categorical measure with lifetime abstainers as reference category. Of a total of 562 632 adults, 901 (635 men and 266 women) died during follow-up from a 100% alcohol-attributable cause of death [15 per 100 000 person years (PY)]. We found a strong interaction effect between low education and Category III alcohol use (>60 g and >40 g per day for men and women, respectively), which was of additive nature as shown by the Aalen's additive hazards model, with 83.68 additional deaths per 100 000 PY (95% confidence interval = 16.48-150.87) found in individuals with low education with Category III drinking compared with a situation when there was no interaction between the two risk factors. A large and statistically significant relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of 32.05 from the Cox model supported the interaction. For individuals with low education, the risk associated with Category III drinking was double that for those with high education. In the United States, people with combined low education and high alcohol consumption (>60 g/day for men, >40 g/day for women) appear to have a higher risk of 100% alcohol-attributable mortality compared with other combinations of educational attainment and drinking.

Financial Literacy: a Comparative Analysis Between Employees and Farmers

Starting from James Gilbart's view that everyone should have the ability to understand money and its benefits. The ability to understand then becomes the forerunner to the birth of financial literacy, which is interpreted as a person's ability to process economic information and make the right decisions related to financial planning. This study seeks to examine theoretical and empirical evidence comparatively regarding the importance of financial literacy for those who work as employees of a business entity and those who work as farmers. Comparative Studies are used to increase the knowledge base and important issues that are the topics of further research. This study uses a systematic literature review design based on relevant journals and scientific reports. The search for journal sources is carried out through the following stages; a) Searching for journals using two keywords, namely "The Role of Financial Literacy for Business Actors and Employees" and "Financial Literacy for Farmers"; b) Reputable international journals and/or registered in international databases; and c) Journals published in the last five years, namely 2020-2024. The search results produced 56 journals, consisting of 45 journals themed "The Role of Financial Literacy for Employees" and 11 journals themed "Financial Literacy for Farmers". The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. The results of the analysis found that the internalization of the importance of financial literacy is still focused on the company level with an employee base, and there is still little discussion of the topic of financial literacy for farmers. It was also found that financial literacy at the employee level is better than that of farmers. On average, farmers have financial literacy in the low category. A significant implication is that there must be new ideas in efforts to internalize financial literacy for farmers, considering the complexity of farmers' businesses that are vulnerable to financial risks. The next implication is that further investigation is needed to produce new ideas regarding the financial literacy model for employees during retirement and in old age for farmers. The results will later become a reference for the Government as a regulator to prepare a scheme to improve the intended literacy.

Emergency Department Crowding as Contributing Factor Related to Patient-Initiated Violence Against Nurses-A Literature Review.

To synthesise how ED crowding contributes to patient-initiated violence against emergency nurses. Framework synthesis. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus databases, covering articles up to 21 March 2024. A total of 25 articles were reviewed, evaluating study quality using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and employing a framework synthesis approach to chart and synthesise data. The review identifies key factors linking emergency department crowding to patient-initiated violence, focusing on crowding conditions, vulnerable populations and adverse outcomes. It emphasises the importance of multidimensional assessments, including input, throughput, output stages and staffing characteristics. Special attention is needed for patients with severe symptoms who are triaged into lower priority categories, as their perceptions of injustice and dissatisfaction may increase the risk of aggressive behaviour. However, limited information is available regarding the perspectives of patients' family members. Accurate assessments of emergency department crowding and a thorough understanding of cognitive and emotional changes in high-risk patients are essential to develop strategies to manage patient-initiated violence effectively. This review improves emergency nurses' understanding of the dynamics of patient-initiated violence in crowded emergency departments, equipping them with knowledge to better anticipate and respond to such incidents. It also offers insights that are crucial for enhancing nursing practices and ensuring workplace safety, thereby supporting the development of future emergency safety strategies. As this is a systematic review and framework synthesis, there was no direct patient or public involvement.

Therapeutic quality of exercise interventions for chronic low back pain: a meta-research study using i-CONTENT tool

ObjectiveTo assess the therapeutic quality of exercise interventions delivered in chronic low back pain (cLBP) trials using the international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training (i-CONTENT) tool and its inter-rater...

P0389 Cardiovascular risk assessment and ultrasound-assisted reclassification in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): a single-centre study

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in IBD patients. A more in-depth screening of patients has become important with the EMA warning for JAK-inhibitors. The current CV risk stratification algorithms are based on traditional risk factors not considering subclinical atherosclerosis. This study aimed to stratify the CVR of IBD patients according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC 2021/23) and European Society of Atherosclerosis (EAS), together with the evaluation of the presence of previously subclinical atherosclerosis by carotid ultrasound. Methods Demographic and disease-related data were collected from consecutive IBD patients aged over 40 years, including systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), lipid panel, and cardiovascular comorbidities. Asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease was assessed by carotid ultrasound in order to measure the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and to detect the presence of plaques. CVR was stratified based on the latest guidelines on dyslipidemias (EAS/ESC 2019), cardiovascular prevention (ESC 2021), and the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes (ESC 2023). Moreover, additional IBD-related parameters potentially associated with an increased CVR were investigated, such as disease activity, current therapies, duration of disease, and extraintestinal manifestations. Results A total of 120 IBD patients were included (UC: 67 patients, CD: 53 patients) Baseline characteristics are presented in Table 1. Patients with UC had significantly higher mean values of total cholesterol (C-TOT) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL) (p<0.001 and p=0.001 respectively). At baseline, 48% of patients were classified as having intermediate CVR, 34% as high risk, and 18% as very high risk (Table 2). Following carotid ultrasonography, subclinical atherosclerosis was diagnosed in 48.3% of patients. Based on these findings, CVR re-stratification was performed in 21% of patients resulting in 71% of patients with high and very high risk, compared to 50% at baseline. Additional risk factors for an increased CVR identified by multivariate regression analysis were having active disease (p=0.047) and concomitant spondiloathropathies (p=0.03). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that carotid ultrasound contributed to re-classify the CVR in patients who were previously considered to be in lower risk categories confirming that the use of traditional risk scores underestimates CVR in IBD patients. Having active intestinal disease and concomitant spondiloarthritis increases further the CV risk.

The Spatiotemporal Coupling and Synergistic Evolution of Economic Resilience and Ecological Resilience in Africa

Investigating the spatiotemporal coupling and coordinated evolution of economic and ecological resilience in Africa provides theoretical support and scientific foundation for the continent’s green and high-quality development. From the perspective of evolutionary resilience, this study constructs an evaluation model for Africa’s economic resilience and ecological resilience. Using kernel density models, namely the “economic-ecological” resilience zoning method, the coupling coordination degree model, and the Haken model, this study explores the spatiotemporal alignment, coupling, and synergistic evolution of economic and ecological resilience in Africa in a step-by-step manner. The results show that (1) the overall level of economic resilience in Africa is relatively low, with increasing regional disparities. Spatially, economic resilience exhibits a distribution pattern of “low values widely spread, high values concentrated”; the level of ecological resilience, in contrast, shows a more pronounced dispersion, with a spatial distribution of “low values concentrated, high values dispersed”; (2) based on the “economic-ecological” resilience zoning method, most African countries and regions fall into the low economic resilience category, with weak economic resilience and prominent issues related to economic instability. The seven major high economic resilience zones largely overlap with the high economic resilience-high ecological resilience areas, demonstrating good spatiotemporal alignment between economic and ecological resilience; (3) in terms of the spatiotemporal coupling relationship between economic resilience and ecological resilience, most of Africa falls into the disordered category, with an increasingly obvious polarization trend in the coupling coordination degree; (4) from the perspective of the synergistic relationship between economic resilience and ecological resilience, ecological resilience dominates the symbiotic system formed by economic resilience and ecological resilience. The development of ecological resilience and economic resilience is mutually inhibitive, with prominent contradictions between the economy and the environment. Ecological and economic resilience have formed an internal mechanism of positive feedback in the synergistic system. The regional differences in the synergistic value have expanded, while the differences within regions have narrowed, indicating an emerging trend of spatial differentiation.

Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Sistem Persamaan Dua Variabel (SPLDV)

Mathematical problem-solving abilities are important to support the development of 4C skills (Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, Problem-Solving, Creativity, and Innovation) in the 21st century. However, in reality, students' ability to solve problems is still relatively low and does not meet expectations. This research aims to identify students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in solving System of Equations in Two Variables (SPLDV) problems. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with data collection through tests in the form of descriptions. The population of this study was all students in class VIII in one of the junior high schools in Sukabumi Regency, with a sample taken of 24 students from class VIII. The research results showed that the average student score was 34.5, with the majority of students being in the low category at 87.5%, and only a few students were able to reach the medium category with a percentage of 4.17% and high with a percentage of 8.33%. Analysis of the problem-solving stages shows that although 70.83% of students were able to understand the problem, 41.67% could plan the problem, only 12.5% succeeded in solving the problem, and 8.34% could check the solution. These results also show that the students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in solving System of Equations in Two Variables (SPLDV) problems at this school are mostly in the low category and still need a lot of improvement.

Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Siswa SMP Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Realistik

Questions that can be used to measure mathematical literacy skills are realistic mathematics questions. Thus, research was conducted to identify students' mathematical literacy abilities in solving realistic mathematics problems. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive method by providing 6 questions describing material on a two-variable linear equation system that can measure mathematical literacy abilities. The results showed that 51.9% were in the low category, 18.5% were in the medium category and 29.6% were in the high category. Based on the results of students' answers, students are still less capable in interpretation and calculations using existing methods in a two-variable linear equation system, students tend to use calculations outside of these methods so that students cannot write down how the calculation process works. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it show that the mathematical literacy abilities of junior high school students are in the low category.

Utilizing GIS, remote sensing, and AHP-multi-criteria decision analysis for optimal landfill site selection in Kenitra Province, Morocco: a step towards sustainable development goals

The aim of this study is to identify suitable landfill sites in Kenitra Province, Morocco, using ArcGIS 10.8, Remote Sensing, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to enhance site selection and improve environmental and public health outcomes. Additionally, the study seeks to enhance decision-making through multicriteria analysis, align landfill site selection with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to promote long-term sustainability, and provide a model that can be replicated in other Moroccan regions or countries facing similar waste management challenges. Ten criteria were considered in selecting new landfill sites, including distance from surface water, soil permeability, land use land cover (LULC), topographic wetness index, distance from the shoreline, slope, aspect, proximity to urban areas, transportation networks, and villages. Maps for each criterion were generated, and pairwise comparisons were used to assign weights to these factors. A Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA) was then applied to create a landfill suitability map, classifying areas into high, moderate, low, and unsuitable categories. The results reveal a limited availability of highly suitable landfill areas within the province. To address this, the study proposes two strategically located waste management sites, A and B, to mitigate land constraints. Establishing these sites as centralized landfills for multiple municipalities aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 6, 14, 15, and 17, promoting public health, preventing water pollution, protecting ecosystems, and fostering partnerships for sustainable waste management. This comprehensive approach emphasizes the need for collaboration in achieving long-term sustainability and environmental conservation.