Low Ability Research Articles

Pincushion Pete

Should we patch our brain for better performance? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Peter Lonsdale is the creator of a Campaign Against Intellectual Discrimination; a worldwide effort to stop discrimination of those with lower mental abilities. As part of his pursuit, he created the company CAID, which focuses on brain patches that rewire the brain for intelligence, patience, focus, and other traits. Peter, as the founder and chief evangelist for patches, has taken more than he can count, probably 100’s. When the press gets a leaked scanned of his brain, showing just how many patches “Pincushion Pete” has taken over the year, it’s a public relations nightmare. Peter is forced to resign as head of the company he founded, and reflect on how to spin the story to allow for a comeback. Whatever course he takes to orchestrate his comeback, he’s going to do it with his patches in place. Nothing is coming out.

The effect of individual differences in episodic future thought on credibility in occupation interviews

AbstractIn this paper, we describe three experiments that explored whether individual differences in episodic future thought (EFT) ability affects credibility when participants told the truth and lied about their occupation. Credibility was measured by the number of perceptual details, statement length, level of detail and plausibility in verbal accounts and sketches (Experiment 1) and by other participants' veracity judgments of the verbal accounts (Experiment 2) and sketches (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, participants with higher EFT ability generated more detailed verbal accounts and more plausible sketches than those with lower EFT ability. In Experiments 2 and 3, EFT ability did not predict veracity judgements of the verbal accounts or sketches derived from Experiment 1. The findings across all experiments suggest that EFT ability affects the ability to generate credible accounts however, EFT ability does not affect credibility judgements.

Language Skills Influence Transition Planning in Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome.

Individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and their parents have a range of experiences navigating the crucial transition period between adolescence and adulthood. Semistructured interviews of 47 mothers of adolescents with FXS (mean child age = 15.89 years) were analyzed to identify mothers' changing expectations during the adolescent period and parent goals related to work and postsecondary education. Mothers' work and education goals were explored in relation to child factors such as language skills and autism characteristics. Lower language skills were associated with lower likelihood of reporting vocational goals. Results suggest that adolescents with FXS with lower language ability are less likely to have vocational plans for adulthood during this critical period and may need greater transition planning assistance.

Cognitive correlates of math abilities in autism spectrum disorder.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the contribution of different cognitive processes to specific math abilities in students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) students. The study involved a group of students with ASD without intellectual disabilities (n = 26) and a group with TD students (n = 52). The two groups aged from six to 20 years old and were matched for age, sex ratio and visuospatial reasoning. To assess math abilities, four math tasks were administered: arithmetic facts, mental calculation, mathematical inferences and math problem solving. Concerning cognitive processes, participants were tested on vocabulary, verbal working memory, visuospatial working memory, response inhibition and interference control. The group with ASD showed lower scores on all specific math measures than the TD group; cognitive processes differently contributed to diverse math abilities, and vocabulary and verbal working memory were stronger associated to specific math abilities in the group with ASD than in the TD group. The current results suggest that students with ASD had lower math abilities that are generalized to different math tasks. Implications for research and clinical assessment and intervention were discussed.

Stunting and its association with education and cognitive outcomes in adulthood: A longitudinal study in Indonesia.

Stunting is associated with adverse outcomes in adulthood. This article specifically aims to analyse the relationship between childhood stunting and education as well as cognitive outcomes for adults in Indonesia. Pooled data from wave one (1) and two (2) of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 1993 and 1997 identified a sub-sample of 4,379 children aged 0-5 by their height-for-age (HAZ) to be compared for their differences in educational outcomes and cognitive abilities in 2014. HAZ was used to proxy relative height to determine stunting status based on 2006 WHO child's growth standards. Education and cognitive abilities outcomes include years of schooling, age of school entry, grade repetition, and scores for cognitive and math tests. The study employs estimation models of pooled regressions and instrumental variable (IV) to address problems of endogeneity and bias from omitted variables. Stunting and relatively small stature had significant associations with cognitive development, and they worked as intermediaries to cognitive developmental barriers as manifested in reduced educational outcomes. A lack of one SD in HAZ was associated with 0.6 years shortened length of the school, 3% higher chances of dropouts from secondary school, and 0.10-0.23 SD lowered cognitive and numerical scores. Similarly, stunting is associated with decrease cognitive test scores by 0.56-0.8 SD compared to non-stunting, two years less schooling, and 0.4 years of delayed entry to school. As for cognitive abilities, stunting is associated with lower cognitive and numerical abilities by 0.38-0.82 z-scores. Growth retardation during childhood in Indonesia was associated with lower cognitive abilities, particularly during school age, and this correlation faded as individuals grew up. Subsequently, growth retardation is significantly linked to lower educational outcomes. Impaired growth has implications for reduced lifetime earnings potential mediated by diminished cognitive capacity and lower educational attainment. The finding suggests that development in Indonesia during recent decades has not provided an adequate environment to enable children to achieve their potential educational outcomes.

SeDiCreSig Method (See, Discuss, Create, Simulate, Generalize) to Improve Analysis Ability of Elementary School Teacher Students

The low ability to analyze learning models will be an obstacle for PGSD (Primary School Teacher Education) students in choosing and implementing learning models that match the learning materials and student characteristics. To improve the analytical skills of PGSD students, the SeDiCreSig method was applied. This study aims to analyze the analytical skills of PGSD students regarding innovative learning models in mathematics in elementary schools (SD) using the SeDiCreSig method. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study are all 5th-semester PGSD students. The sample used in this study was 70 PGSD students divided into two classes taking the Mathematics Internship course. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, pretest, and posttest. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 23-assisted t-test. The results of this study indicated an increase in the ability of PGSD students to analyze innovative mathematical learning models after learning using the SeDiCreSig method. The use of the SeDiCreSig method makes it easier for lecturers to direct students in practicing analytical skills and implementing innovative learning models, especially in learning mathematics. The success of learning the SeDiCreSig method must be supported by actual activities that students directly carry out.

Proses Berpikir Siswa Kelas XI SMA dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Barisan dan Deret Aritmatika

In learning mathematics, critical and logical thinking processes are needed to solve problems correctly, including material about arithmetic sequences and series, which requires good concentration in studying it. This type of research is descriptive qualitative which aims to analyze students' thinking processes in solving problems of arithmetic sequences and series. The subjects in this research were class XI high school students. One of the abilities developed in learning mathematics is the ability to solve problems. Students can do math problems but are not good enough at analyzing and thinking optimally. This causes students' low ability to solve mathematical problems. The research results showed that students were able to work on calculated reasoning cycle questions. Because, in responding to or answering these questions the subject will generally use ideas that have been researched, and the subject can communicate or understand the methods taken to overcome these problems. Some students who use a semi-reasonable reasoning cycle when evaluated in solving problems are not ready to communicate it in their own words. In understanding a problem, students have used these ideas but not enough and students cannot. don't understand the steps to solve this problem. The equation used is correct, but the steps to overcome it are still inappropriate.

Factors associated with workaholism in nurses' mental health: integrative review.

to synthesize the main scientific evidence available on the factors associated with workaholism in nurses' mental health. this is an integrative review carried out in seven databases. The sample consisted of 11 studies. The Level of Evidence classification followed the model described by Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt. Methodological quality was assessed using the Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Data analysis and synthesis were carried out in a qualitative and descriptive manner, respectively. the factors associated with workaholism were burnout, stress, anxiety, depression, sleep-related problems, low ability to concentrate and negative incidents at work, which affected the mental health of nurses. the synthesis revealed that workaholism was related to perceived stress at work, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and anxious and depressive symptoms, which resulted in low professional effectiveness and poor sleep quality among workaholic professionals.

Structurally diverse zinc(II) complexes containing tripodal tetradentate phenoxido-amines with promising antiproliferative effects.

Structurally diverse zinc(II) complexes with tripodal tetradentate phenolic-amines of variable substituents in the phenol and amine moieties were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The two dinuclear [Zn2(L1)2](ClO4)2·MeOH (1), [Zn2(L2)2](ClO4)2 (2), and four mononuclear [Zn(L3)(H2O)]·MeOH (3), [Zn(L4)] (4), [Zn(L5)] (5) and [Zn(L6)] (6) complexes revealed distorted octahedral, trigonal-bipyramidal or tetrahedral geometries. The free HL1 and H2L3-6 ligands, and complexes 1-6 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780R, PC-3 and 22Rv1) and normal healthy MRC-5 cells. Overall results revealed high-to-moderate cytotoxicity (with the best IC50 values for complex 6 ranging from 2.4 to 4.5 μM), which is however, significantly higher than that of the reference drug cisplatin. The moderately active complexes 1-4 showed considerable selectivity on A2780 cells (IC50 ≈ 16.3-19.5 μM) over MRC-5 ones (with IC50 >50 μM for 1, 2 and 4, and with IC50 >25 μM for 3). The complexes 1, 2, and 6 and the ligand H2L6 were chosen for subsequent deeper biological evaluations. Their time-resolved cellular uptake and other cellular effects in A2780 cells were studied, such as cell cycle profile, intracellular ROS production, induction of apoptosis and activation of caspases 3/7. Complexes 1 and 2 caused significant G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells and antioxidant effects at normal conditions. They showed only limited effects on cellular processes connected with cytotoxicity, i.e. induction of apoptosis, depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential, and autophagy. These findings can be at least partly attributed to the low ability of the complexes to enter the A2780 cells and the depression of metabolic activity of the target cancer cells.

ЧТО ПОВЛИЯЛО НА УРОВЕНЬ СМЕРТНОСТИ ОТ COVID-19 В ИНДОНЕЗИИ?

This paper systematically identifies the determinants of COVID-19 death rates at the initial stages of the outbreak in Indonesia by considering configurations of government conditions (responsiveness, ability to control case rate, and capacity to cure infected people) and societal conditions (vulnerability and compliance). Configurational analysis using crisp-set QCA was employed to analyze these sets of conditions and outcomes in 34 provinces throughout Indonesia. The results show that the high ability of local government to control the spread of the disease is a necessary and sufficient condition for a low death rate. However, the opposite condition (the low ability of government) is only necessary but not sufficient for a high fatality rate. To create sufficient conditions for a high death rate, the low ability of local governments to restrain the spread of the virus requires other specific conditions, particularly a low level of community obedience to the restriction policy. The present study highlights that the institutionalization of a new normal life during the pandemic through regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive mechanisms is of paramount importance.

Validation of the RIETE, Kuijer, and HAS-BLED Models to Assess 3-Month Bleeding Risk in Anticoagulated Patients Diagnosed with Venous Thromboembolic Disease.

To evaluate the discriminative ability and calibration of the RIETE, Kuijer, and HAS-BLED models for predicting 3-month bleeding risk in patients anticoagulated for venous thromboembolism (VTE). External validation study of a prediction model based on a retrospective cohort of patients with VTE seen at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia) between July 2021 and June 2023. The calibration of the scales was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the ratio of observed to expected events (ROE) within each risk category. Discriminatory ability was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of a ROC curve. We analyzed 470 patients (median age 65 years, female sex 59.3%) with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in most cases (57.4%), 5.7% bleeding events were observed. Regarding calibration, adequate calibration cannot be ruled out given the limited number of events. The discriminatory ability was limited with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.48 (CI 0.37-0.59) for Kuijer Score, 0.58 (CI 0.47-0.70) for HAS-BLED and 0.64 (CI 0.51-0.76) for RIETE. The Kuijer, HAS-BLED, and RIETE models in patients with VTE generally do not adequately estimate the risk of bleeding at three months, with a low ability to discriminate high-risk patients. Cautious interpretation is recommended until further evidence is available.

From a Clustering of Adverse Symptoms after Colorectal Cancer Therapy to Chronic Fatigue and Low Ability to Work: A Cohort Study Analysis with 3 Months of Follow-Up.

In colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, apart from fatigue, psychological and physical symptoms often converge, affecting their quality of life and ability to work. Our objective was to ascertain symptom clusters within a year following CRC treatment and their longitudinal association with persistent fatigue and reduced work ability at the 3-month follow-up. We used data from MIRANDA, a multicenter cohort study enrolling adult CRC patients who are starting a 3-week in-patient rehabilitation within a year post-curative CRC treatment. Participants completed questionnaires evaluating symptoms at the start of rehabilitation (baseline) and after three months. We performed an exploratory factor analysis to analyze the clustering of symptoms at baseline. Longitudinal analysis was performed using a multivariable linear regression model with dichotomized symptoms at baseline as independent variables, and the change in fatigue and ability to work from baseline to 3-month-follow-up as separate outcomes, adjusted for covariates. We identified six symptom clusters: fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pain, psychosocial symptoms, urinary symptoms, and chemotherapy side effects. At least one symptom from each factor was associated with higher fatigue or reduced ability to work at the 3-month follow-up. This study highlights the interplay of multiple symptoms in influencing fatigue and work ability among CRC patients post-rehabilitation.

Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons Exposed to the Mitochondrial Uncoupler Carbonyl Cyanide Chlorophenylhydrazone Undergo a Rapid, Presenilin-Dependent Change in Neuronal Properties.

Presenilin 1 (PS1) is a transmembrane proteolytic subunit of γ-secretase that cleaves amyloid precursor proteins. Mutations in PS1 (mPS1) are associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between mutated PS1, mitochondrial calcium regulation, and AD has been studied extensively in different test systems. Despite the wide-ranging role of mPS1 in AD, there is a paucity of information on the link between PS1 and neuronal cell death, a hallmark of AD. In the present study, we employed the selective mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and compared the reactivity of mPS1-transfected cultured rat hippocampal neurons with PS1 and control neurons in a situation of impaired mitochondrial functions. CCCP causes a slow rise in cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium in all three groups of neurons, with the mPS1 neurons demonstrating a faster rise. Consequently, mPS1 neurons were depolarized by CCCP and measured with TMRM, a mitochondrial voltage indicator, more than the other two groups. Morphologically, CCCP produced more filopodia in mPS1 neurons than in the other two groups, which were similarly affected by the drug. Finally, mPS1 transfected neurons tended to die from prolonged exposure to CCCP sooner than the other groups, indicating an increase in vulnerability associated with a lower ability to regulate excess cytosolic calcium.

ANALISIS BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIKA SISWA PADA MATERI PROGRAM LINIER DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN AWAL MATEMATIKA DAN JENIS KELAMIN SISWA DI MA.ASSHOLACH KEJERON GONDANG WETAN PASURUAN

This stludy aims to analyze students' mathematical critlical thinking sklills on linelar programming material in terms of initial mathematical abillities and students' gender. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study used class XI MA Asshlolach students consisting of 1 male student wilth high initial ability, 1 female student with high initial ability, 1 male student with low initial ability and 1 femlale student with low initial ability. Data collection techniques in this study are test techniques to measure critical thinking skills and non-test techniques in the form of interviews. The results of tests and interviews were analyzed based on indicators of critical thinking skills, namely: interpretation, analysis, evaluation and inference. The results showed that: (1) female students and male students with high and moderate initial abilities, it can be said that they have been able to carry out the stages of interpretation, analysis, evalluation, inference and explanation as well as self-regulation in solving critical thinking test questions. (2) female and male students with low initial abilities can already be said to be able to master 2 indicators of critical thinking skills (interpretation and evaluation), less able to master the indicators of analysis and inference.

10.47435/jtmt.v4i02.1987 Error Analysis of Class XI Students of SMA in Solving Matrix Problems in terms of Mathematical Ability

This research aims to describe the types of errors made by students in solving matrix problems. The subjects in this research were three students of class XI MIPA SMA 5 Palu who were divided into three categories based on their level of mathematical ability, namely students with high, medium, and low mathematics ability. The selection of these three students was based on students report cards which were categorized into three types, namely high, medium and low, which were then selected through considerations, namely students who were able to take part in the entire of data collection activities carried out by researchers as well as considerations from mathematics subject at the school. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by administering written tests and interviews. The results of this research show that students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 5 Palu made mistakes in solving questions (1) high mathematics ability students made conceptual mistakes, namely students were wrong in writing the concept of matrix multiplication that had different orders. (2) students with moderate mathematics ability made procedural errors, namely students were wrong in carrying out the steps of solving the problem and students in solving the problem did not reach that students do not write the sign of mathematical operations that should be used. (3) students with low mathematics ability made conceptual errors, namely students did not solve the problems given, only rewrote the matrix members. Procedural errors, namely students are not careful in understanding the question instruction so that the steps for solving the problem are not appropriate and students do not solve the problem until the final stage. Technical errors, namely students are wrong in doing calculations so that the students answers do not match the alternative answers. This research is highly recommended for other researchers to explore further because the coverage of the matrix material is quite broad so researchers cannot discuss everything in this research and there are many more reviews that need to be analyzed through this material.

Students’ Mathematical Generalization in Solving Numeracy Problems

Generalization is an important component of mathematical activity and has received increasing attention in school mathematics at all levels. This research aims to analyze junior high school students' mathematical generalization abilities in number pattern material. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research were 28 junior high school students in the even semester. The students consisted of 12 male students and 16 female students. The data collection method used is the test method. Data analysis in this research was carried out through the stages of reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions on the data obtained. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that the mathematical generalization ability of junior high school students in number patterns was obtained: (1) 8 students (28%) had high mathematical generalization ability, (2) 15 students (54%) had medium ability, and (3) 5 students ( 18%) have low ability. These findings show that the majority of students have good mathematical generalization abilities, but there are also those who still need further assistance in improving their abilities.

ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY REVIEWED IN SOLVING MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS FROM GENDER DIFFERENCES

This study aims to determine students' mathematical critical thinking skills in terms of gender differences. This research was conducted in March 2023 in class VII junior high school. The subjects of this study consisted of 6 people, including 3 male students and 3 female students. Based on the gender of each student, they are then grouped into 2 people with high ability categories, 2 people with medium ability categories, and 2 people with low ability categories. This type of research is a descriptive research. Data collection techniques were carried out using a written test consisting of 2 questions, by interview and documentation. Data analysis techniques consist of three stages, namely data is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Test the validity of the data using method triangulation techniques and data source triangulation. The results showed that students with high abilities could work on critical thinking test questions and covered all the indicators. In contrast, students with moderate abilities still needed to be able to work on mathematical critical thinking test questions well according to the criteria for critical mathematical thinking. Students with low abilities have yet to be able to do well on the mathematical critical thinking test according to the criteria of critical mathematical thinking. No significant difference exists between how to solve the test questions for male and female students in each ability category

Pelaksanaan Kemampuan Matematika Awal Melalui Pemanfaatan Media Konkrit Pada Anak Kelompok B Di Tk Xaverius Kalianda

This research is motivated by the existence of conditions related to the early mathematical ability is still low. Therefore it is necessary an effort to improve the mathematical ability of children in group B in TK Xaverius Kalianda. This study aims to know that the use of concrete media in learning can improve early mathematical ability in children group B in TK Xaverius Kalianda. This study is a classroom action research consisting of four stages namely, planning, action implementation, observation and reflection. At the beginning of observation of early group math ability in TK Xaverius Kalianda still not developed, as indicator of low early child mathematics ability in kindergarten, this can be seen from 15 children of group B which have progressed development especially in the case of early mathematics only 3 children or 20%, and the rest as many as 12 children or 80% have not been able to develop properly. After the reflection through the use of concrete media there is an increase. The results of this study indicate that through the utilization of concrete media can improve the early mathematical ability of the previously not developed at the time of pre-survey to start developing in the first cycle reached 72% and developed as expected in the second cycle reached 82%. Thus the method of utilizing concrete media can be one of the methods or ways that can be used in learning, especially in improving early math skills.

Analysis of Creative Thinking Ability of Class X Students in Solving Biology Problems on Viruses

Background: This study aims to analyze descriptively students' creative thinking skills in solving biology questions regarding viruses at class X level at MA Mazro'atul Huda Wonorenggo Demak, based on the results of written test answers given by researchers to students. Methods: The type of research is quantitative research with data in the form of numbers that are processed using simple statistical formulas. The object of this study was the 20 students in class X as a population research. Data collection techniques used were written tests, interviews, observation and documentation. The statistical analysis is simple in the form of percentage data. Results: From the analysis conducted on the creative thinking abilities of class X MIPA 1 MA Mazro'atul Huda Wonorenggo Demak, it can be concluded that students' creative thinking abilities are in the high category with a percentage of 55%. The highest percentage is in the level of detail with a percentage of 70%, while the lowest percentage is in the level of fluency and novelty with the same percentage, namely 59%. Conclusion: Students who have high level abilities are able to fulfill all categories in the indicator, students who have medium levels are able to fulfill several indicator categories, while students who have low level abilities, have not been able to fulfill all categories in indicators. Keywords : Creative thinking ability; Biology; Virus

DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING TOOLS BASED ON COGNITIVE CONFLICT STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Learning tools on triangular and quadrilateral materials are very important because they serve as a benchmark for learning success. The low critical thinking ability in Grade VII mathematics suggests that the media used has not been optimized and has limitations. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and applications of mathematics learning tools that incorporate cognitive conflict strategies on triangular and quadrilateral materials that are valid, practical, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The research used an RD design, and the study was conducted in the fall semester of the 2021/2022 academic year in grade VII of SMP Negeri 2 in Gerokgak. The Plomp device development model is applied in three stages: preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment. A study found that using triangular and quadrilateral learning tools with cognitive conflict strategies in grade VII SMP Negeri 2 Gerokgak improved math critical thinking skills. The student books presented challenging problems, had conflict discussions, and gave feedback. The teacher manuals included tasks to solve problematic scenarios and evaluate students. These tools are effective and practical, and can replace traditional teaching methods.