Lower Blood Sugar Levels Research Articles

Hypoglycemia with insulin in post-transplant diabetes mellitus

IntroductionTo prevent hypoglycemic episodes, the management of insulin therapy against post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is important. We compared glargine (long-acting insulin) versus NPH isophane (intermediate-acting insulin) as an armamentarium against PTDM. Indeed, the study evaluated PTDM patients with hypoglycemic episodes treated with isophane or glargine. Material and methodsWe evaluated a total number of 231 living-donor renal transplant recipients with PTDM of age ≥ 18 years admitted to the hospital between January 2017 and September 2021. However, patients taking hypoglycemic agents before transplantation were excluded from this study. Out of 231 patients, 52 (22.15%) suffered from PTDM out of whom 26 were treated with glargine or isophane. ResultsAfter applying exclusion criteria, out of 52 PTDM patients 23 were included in the study: 13 PTDM patients were treated with glargine, whereas 10 PTDM patients with isophane. Our analysis revealed 12 episodes of hypoglycemia in glargine-treated PTDM patients compared to 3 in isophane-treated PTDM patients (p = 0.056). Clinically, 9 out of 15 hypoglycemic episodes were nocturnal (60%). Furthermore, no other risk factors were observed in our study population. Detailed analysis showed that both groups had equivalent doses of immunosuppressants and oral hypoglycemic agents. The odds ratio for hypoglycemia in the group treated with isophane compared to that treated with glargine was 0.224 (95% CI, 0.032–1.559). Glargine users recorded significantly lower blood sugar levels before lunch, dinner and at bedtime with p-values of 0.001, 0.009 and 0.001 respectively. A better hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was seen in the glargine vs. isophane group (6.98 ± 0.52 vs. 7.45 ± 0.49, p-value 0.03). ConclusionThe study shows better blood sugar control with long-acting insulin analog, glargine, than with intermediate-actin analog, isophane. Overall, a higher number of hypoglycemic episodes was nocturnal. Long term safety of long-acting insulin analogs needs to be further studied.

Exploring the Potential Medicinal Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum: From Metabolic Disorders to Coronavirus Infections.

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom that has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for centuries. It has been found to have a wide range of medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting effects. Recent research has focused on the potential benefits of G. lucidum in treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, as well as its possible role in preventing and treating infections caused by the coronavirus. Triterpenoids are a major group of bioactive compounds found in G. lucidum, and they have a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These compounds have been found to improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels in animal models of diabetes. Additionally, G. lucidum polysaccharides have been found to reduce bodyweight and improve glucose metabolism in animal models of obesity. These polysaccharides can also help to increase the activity of certain white blood cells, which play a critical role in the body's immune response. For coronavirus, some in vitro studies have shown that G. lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenoids have the potential to inhibit coronavirus infection; however, these results have not been validated through clinical trials. Therefore, it would be premature to draw any definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of G. lucidum in preventing or treating coronavirus infections in humans.

Hypoglycemic Activity Nyctanthes Arbor­Tristis LINN. IN Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Medical science still faces difficulties in developing side-effect-free medications for diabetes management. This has increased the need for safe and effective natural remedies that may lower blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not an ethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor­tristis Linn. leaves reduces blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Nyctanthes arbor­tristis Linn. Ethyl Acetate extract activity was compared to that of the glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg p.o.) standard antidiabetic medication. Normal rats were given oral dosages of an Ethyl Acetate extract of Nyctanthes arbor­tristis Linn. leaf. At a dosage of 200 mg/kg, the Ethyl Acetate extract was significantly (p0.05) hypoglycemic. Leaves extracted with ethyl acetate from the Nyctanthes arbor­tristis linn plant have anti-diabetic effects on a par with those shown in diabetic control mice. Nyctanthes arbor­tristis linn leaf extract in ethyl acetate has been shown to have potent and non-toxic anti-diabetic properties.

Pretreatment with Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera Linn) prevents development of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p>
 <p><strong>Background and Objective</strong>: A global increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress is a fundamental component in the pathogenesis of DM Ajwa dates are known to have a high antioxidant content, especially in their seeds. Hence this study was designed to determine the preventive effects of Ajwa date fruit on alloxan-induced diabetes in an experimental rat model.</p>
 <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This experimental study was conducted at the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups with eight animals in each. Rats in group A were normal control, whereas rats in group B were induced with intraperitoneal alloxan (160 mg/kg body weight) to develop diabetes. Groups C, D, and E rats were fed on a diet supplemented with Ajwa flesh, seed, and whole Ajwa respectively for 1 week. Blood and urine glucose levels were measured on days 0, 7 (pre-alloxan) and 11, 14, 19 (post-alloxan). Serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) for β-cell function (HOMA-β), and insulin resistance (HOMA[1]IR) were estimated terminally.</p>
 <p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetes was induced successfully in animals of all experimental groups except the normal control group. Rats of the Ajwa-seed group (D) showed relative resistance to diabetes induction with three non-diabetic rats on day 19. In group E, rats had lower blood sugar levels than rats in group C (p = 0.010). Serum insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR, revealed partial beta cells restoration in the experimental animals of groups D and C. Insulin resistance was significantly higher, despite the highest insulin level (3.77 µIU/ml; p value <0.001) in group C.</p>
 <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Ajwa date seed powder appears to provide relative protection against the development of diabetes in rats induced by alloxan.</p>

Breadfruit Flour, Food to Lower Blood Sugar Levels in Mice Model Diabetes Mellitus

Consumption of foods with high amylose content (>25%) as well as a low glycemic index (<55) is able to improve the insulin sensitivity of people with diabetes mellitus. Breadfruit has in about 23-60 which means that breadfruit is safe to consume. The purpose of this research is to find out the levels of reduced sugar, amylose, and blood sugar levels mice after being fed breadfruit flour. This research used a Complete Randomized Design using 5 treatments namely normal control group (KN), negative control (K-), positive control (K+), STZ + breadfruit flour dose 5 g (P1) and STZ + breadfruit flour dose 10 g (P2). Breadfruit is taken and then processed into breadfruit flour, after which testing of reduced sugar content and amylose breadfruit flour. Before treatment, all mice were measured for initial glucose levels. After that in groups K (-), K (+), P1, and P2 injected STZ on days 1, 2, and 3. After 3 days, the blood glucose level (post-STZ) was measured again, then compared to the blood glucose level on the first day before being given STZ. If there is an increase in blood glucose levels of mice that is to ±128 mg / dL then mencit is considered to be diabetic. Then in group K (+) drug given Metformin, P1 and P2 were fed breadfruit flour with a predetermined dose for 7 days. The results showed that the sugar content of reduced breadfruit was cut by 3.26%. While the level of amylose in breadfruit flour is 19.3%. Breadfruit flour can also lower the sugar content of mice.

Beneficial Synergistic Effect of Supplementation with Combined M. oleifera and L. speciosa Leaf Capsules in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic non-communicable chronic disease in which the body's ability to process glucose is impaired, resulting in higher blood glucose levels. If not controlled, this disease can lead to severe complications. Various plants with medicinal properties can treat chronic diseases, such as diabetes, due to therapeutically important phytochemicals and bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effect of antidiabetic medicinal plant leaves in controlling blood glucose levels among Wakhi diabetic patients in the Hunza district of Pakistan. The "Wakhis" are an ethnic group living in the remote region of Pakistan. The method used in this study was a placebo-controlled study. Leaf powders of Moringa oleifera and Lagerstroemia speciosa were filled in capsules of 1000 mg each. The antidiabetic potential of the medicinal plants was estimated by performing the biochemical blood profiles of diabetic patients before and after the trial. After the intervention, the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduced from 8.3±1.8 to 7.5±1.2% significantly (P = 0.0401). The fasting blood sugar (FBS) in the intervention group reduced significantly from 191±49 mg/dL to 169±41 mg/dL (P = 0.0041) after the trial. According to the findings of this study, the combined herbal capsules effectively controlled the blood sugar of type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusively, the combination of M. oleifera and L. speciosa have the potential to lower blood sugar levels supplementary to existing regimens. Further investigation is warranted to explore the mechanism resulting in the observed reduction in sugar levels in type 2 diabetic patients.

Nanotheranostics: application of nanosensors in diabetes management.

The objective of the present study is to discuss the use of nanomaterials like nanosensors for diagnosing Diabetes and highlight their applications in the treatment of Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (D.M.) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Orally administered antidiabetic drugs like glibenclamide, glipalamide, and metformin can partially lower blood sugar levels, but long-term use causes kidney and liver damage. Recent breakthroughs in nanotheranostics have emerged as a powerful tool for diabetes treatment and diagnosis. Nanotheranostics is a rapidly developing area that can revolutionize diabetes diagnosis and treatment by combining therapy and imaging in a single probe, allowing for pancreas-specific drug and insulin delivery. Nanotheranostic in Diabetes research has facilitated the development of improved glucose monitoring and insulin administration modalities, which promise to improve the quality of life for people with Diabetes drastically. Further, nanomaterials like nanocarriers and unique functional nanomaterials used as nano theranostics tools for treating Diabetes will also be highlighted. The nanosensors discussed in this review article will encourage researchers to develop innovative nanomaterials with novel functionalities and properties for diabetes detection and treatment.

Phytochemical analysis and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of Plagiorhegma dubia Maxim as a medicinal crop for diabetes treatment

In traditional medicine, Plagiorhegma dubia Maxim (PD) is used to treat diabetes, irritability, insomnia, high fever, and coma. In this study, to identify the components in PD, we first performed three preliminary phytochemical tests, which were all positive for the presence of alkaloids. Next, we evaluated the total alkaloid content and performed 13 different in vitro antioxidant experiments for three solvent extracts of PD. According to the results, the methanol extract was selected for further research. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to identify 41 compounds in the methanol extract. Thirty-eight of these compounds were alkaloids, and the main components were magnoflorine, berberrubine, and betaine. Addition of the methanol extract to cooking oil increased the stability against oxidation and greatly reduced the peroxide value. Cell viability and oral acute toxicity studies in mice indicated that the methanol extract was relatively non-toxic. Histopathological examination and biochemical analysis showed that the methanol extract was protective against liver damage in rats induced by d-galactosamine. The methanol extract also showed a good antidiabetic effect for streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats, where it lowered blood sugar levels and protected vital organs against damage. Lipid profile parameters and oxidative stress parameters also improved. The therapeutic effects towards diabetes and liver damage were attributed to the ability of the three main components in the methanol extract to resist oxidative stress. Our results show that the alkaloid-rich methanol extract of PD is potential candidate for treatment of diseases associated with oxidative imbalances. This understanding of the hepatoprotective effect and antidiabetic activity of PD provides new insight for its use as a substitute for Coptis chinensis and establishes a foundation for development of PD as an economic crop.

School Performance Among a Sample of Type1 Diabetic Children and Adolescents in Erbil City

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common endocrine disorder in children. The glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) level was found to be correlated with the academic skills and classroom attention in children with T1DM. Left untreated both high and low blood sugar levels can affect the child’s ability to concentrate on schoolwork and participate in school activities. Methodology: In Laila Qasim diabetic center from June to August 2022, a questionnaire survey was used for this cross-sectional study. The sample included 120 diabetic children for case group. All primary and secondary school pupils with type 1 diabetes were included in the study population. Result: In the present study, the correlation between diabetes and poor performance is clear in mathematics, english and science. The highest rate of fair followed not pass was found in uncontrolled HbA1c level (greater than 7) in all subjects except kurdish and found that students with type 1 diabetes had significantly lower overall academic grades than their nondiabetic classmates. Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with reduced neuronal function, which ultimately results in cognitive impairment in areas such as intelligence, learning, memory, information processing, attention, executive function, visual motor integration, and academic performances. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Children and adolescents; Academic performance; School

Knowledge People with Type II Diabetes about the Importance of Herbs in Lowering Blood Sugar Levels

At the moment diabetes has become an epidemic disease and according to recent statistics 400 million people have diabetes in the world and it is mainly associated with developing countries, Among the huge and heterogeneous numbers type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most prevalent, according to the Global Burden of Diseases study for the year (2016) it was found that T2DM and its complications were responsible for increasing the percentage of disability by 22% in the last ten years. This has greatly affected public health. For this reason, there was a need to make a questionnaire on the knowledge of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) of the importance of herbs in reducing blood sugar levels, and the research included 142 samples (individuals) who were asked questions in the form of an electronic questionnaire (google form) through social networking sites (Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger and others) and the questionnaire included questions about diet, symptoms and concomitant diseases in addition to whether the patient is taking drugs that lower the level of sugar in the blood as well as about the use of herbs by the patient and what they are These herbs and how much they amount per day, the average amount of herbs used by the patient was one cup, and the most important herbs used were turmeric and learners and led to a decrease in the level of sugar in the blood of the patient who used them. We conclude from this research that type II diabetes is most of its symptoms are frequent urination, thirst, slenderness, limb pain, in addition to limb neuropathy, while the diseases associated with this disease are high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney failure, visual impairment or blurred vision and other diseases.

Alcohol-Induced Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report

Background: Adolescents with diabetes mellitus who consume alcohol increase the risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and HHS. In addition, alcohol consumption has long-term adverse effects on the glycemic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to describe cases of alcohol-induced hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
 Case presentation: A teenage boy, aged 15 years, came with his family to the ER with complaints of weakness. The patient also complained of persistent tingling in the legs for the last two weeks. Three days before entering the hospital, the patient also felt blurred vision that disturbed him while studying at school. The results of the physical examination stated that the general condition was weak, compos mentis, pulse 80x/minute, blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, respiratory rate 20x/minute, axillary temperature 36ºC, weight 65 kg, and height 165 cm. Examination of the extremities showed a slow return of skin turgor. Laboratory evaluation showed an increased leukocyte count (10.45x103/μL), and blood gas analysis showed mild acidosis (HCO3 24.3 mmol/L, PCO2 38.6 mmHg, PO2 82 mmHg, tCO2 26 mmol/L, pH 7.4, and SaO2 96%), HbA1c 14.2%, glucose at 621 mg/dL (hyperglycemia), C-peptide 0.87 ηg/dL. The patient was diagnosed with hyperglycemia, hyperosmolar state, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and mild dehydration.
 Conclusion: The main management of alcohol-induced hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in type 1 diabetes mellitus is fluid resuscitation to achieve hemodynamic stability, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, gradual reduction of blood sugar levels, and hyperosmolality. Insulin administration to lower blood sugar levels is done after stable hemodynamics.

Study Literature: Acacia Plants Lower Blood Sugar

Background: Diabetic is a chronic disease that occurs because the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or the body cannot use insulin actively which results in high blood sugar levels. One way to prevent diabetes is to provide non-pharmacological therapies such as the use of herbal plants. One of the herbal plants that can be used in the prevention of diabetes is the acacia plant (Acacia Nicoleta). Method: The method used a literature study with a search from various sources, such as academic journals, and online articles. A literature search was carried out using keywords related to Acacia Nicoleta and diabetes. Result: in a literature review acacia can lower blood sugar levels because acacia plants contain carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals as well as secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. Conclusion: acacia plant is proven to reduce blood sugar so it is expected to use the acacia plant as a non-pharmacological therapy in diabetics.

Effect of Dapagliflozin in Lowering Risk of Heart Failure Severity: Meta-Analysis

Background: Heart failure is a progressive health problem with high mortality and morbidity rates in developed as well as developing countries including Indonesia. Dapagliflozin is one of the oral antidiabetic medicines of the class of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, used in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). Unlike other oral anti-diabetes that work to stimulate insulin secretion or increase insulin sensitivity, dapagliflozin works in the kidneys by competitively inhibiting the SGLT2 protein reversibly which serves in glucose reabsorption in the glomerulus thereby lowering blood sugar levels in T2DM patients. This study aimed to determine the estimated effect of dapagliflozin on the severity of heart failure patients.Subjects and Method: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO. Population= Heart failure patients over 18 years old. Intervention= administration of dapagliflozin. Comparison= Placebo. Outcome= severity of Heart Failure. The articles used PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was conducted from 2019 to 2022 using databases from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus with the search keywords Dapagliflozin, Heart Failure, and Placebo. The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results: A total of 8 articles from across 2 continents, America and Asia, reviewed in the meta-analysis, showed that administering Dapagliflozin could reduce the risk of heart failure severity by 0.99 units compared to without dapagliflozin, however, it was statistically insignificant (OR= 0.99; 95% CI= 0.92 to 1.06; p= 0.710).Conclusion: The administration of Dapagliflozin lowers the risk of heart failure severity and is statistically significant. Keywords: dapagliflozin, heart failure, placebo Correspondence: Andreza. Universitas Hasanuddin. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan No.KM.10, Tamalanrea Indah, Kec. Tamalanrea, Makasar City, South Sulawesi. Email: andrezafauzialghifary@gmail.com. Mobile: +625299015320.

Management of Diabetes during School Hours: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study in Denmark.

Managing diabetes is complicated for many children. It often requires support from an adult during the school day. In Denmark, most children spend 30-35 h a week at school. Nevertheless, diabetes management in schools remains largely uninvestigated. This study aimed to examine the characteristics and organization of diabetes management in Danish primary schools from the personnel's perspective. All primary schools in Denmark were invited to participate in the study (n = 2129), and 525 schools were included. A questionnaire was constructed and sent by email. Questionnaire data are presented in the descriptive statistics and compared with the ISPAD guidelines. According to 77.2% of respondents, school personnel had received training in diabetes management, and 78.5% of the schools had at least one person available for diabetes support every day. Respondents felt prepared to help the students with counting carbohydrates (38.9%), dosing insulin (39.1%), and helping the students during high (52.1%) or low (60.3%) blood sugar levels, insulin chock (35.2%), or during activities (36.3%). Yet, diabetes management was a challenging task. Only 61.7% had an action plan for diabetes management, 37.4% had face-to-face information meetings with the parents, and 55.1% of respondents reported having sufficient time to cooperate with the parents.

Formulation and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Chocolate by using Guava Leaves and Mulberry Fruits

The chocolate is product which love every age person to eat but due to health issues like obesity, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, diabetes etc. doctor restrict patient to take chocolate. So, objective of present research was to formulate the medicated chocolate keeping note of health issuesto prevent the Diabetes and make patient convenient to eat chocolate. Psidium Guajava is synonyms Guava leaves have high levels of antioxidants and vitamins which also helps to lower blood sugar levels. Chocolate formulation contained Guava leaves powder, dark chocolate, cocca butter, coffee, stevia sugar and evaluated parameters are general appearance, dimension, hardness, blooming test, drug content determination, physical stability etc.

Associated factors with depression and sleep quality in T1DM patients: a cross-sectional descriptive study

BackgroundIndividuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) may experience sleep problems, usually due to low blood sugar levels during sleep or performance of blood sugar management (e.g., blood sugar monitoring). This study aimed to identify the disease-related characteristics, psychosocial aspects, and related factors underlying sleep quality in patients with T1DM.MethodsThis study employed a descriptive research design. The participants were 159 individuals with T1DM who completed online questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analyses.ResultsThe average score for depression in T1DM patients was 23.77 (SD 5.31), and sleep quality received a score of 4.58 (SD 3.22). Depression was positively correlated with sleep quality and negatively correlated with the total resilience score. The factors linked to depression in T1DM patients were duration of disease, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and resilience-acceptance of self and life sub-factors, with an explanatory power of 44.4% for the depression variance. The associated factors with sleep quality in T1DM patients were complications, resilience-personal competence sub-factors, and depression, with an explanatory power of 37.4% for sleep quality variance.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that to improve sleep quality in patients with T1DM, it is necessary to develop and support disease management to prevent complications and implement interventions for improving resilience and reducing negative emotions such as depression.

Influence of Snoring on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Northeast China.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rural China. Thus, for better intervention, it is necessary to identify the possible risk factors of MetS. This community-based prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the snoring status and incidence of MetS. In this Northeast China rural cardiovascular health study, 4980 residents aged ≥35 years (2586 men and 2394 women; follow-up proportion: 87.5%) at baseline were recruited between 2012 and 2013 and were followed up between 2015 and 2017. The primary outcome was the incidence of MetS, as defined by the unified criteria for MetS defined in 2009. The residents were classified based on their snoring status, and the outcomes were compared between the two groups. The odds ratio (OR) for MetS incidence was estimated using a logistic regression model and adjusted for confounding factors. With a median follow-up duration of 4.6 years, the MetS incidence was higher among the snorers (men, 26.2%; women, 33.5%) than in the non-snorers (men, 19.7%; women, 23.2%). The participants' diastolic blood pressure was increased at follow-up as compared with the baseline values among the male snorers; however, a decrease was noted among the male non-snorers. Similarly, the female snorers had higher blood glucose levels during the follow-up, whereas the non-snorers had lower blood sugar levels. A significant association was noted between snoring and the incidence of MetS (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% confidence interval = 1.32-1.74). Moreover, the incidence of severe snoring increased with increased levels of snoring, with severe snorers having an OR twice as high as that of the non-snorers (adjusted OR = 2.10; 95% confidence interval = 1.38-3.20). Overall, snoring was independently associated with a higher incidence of newly diagnosed MetS in rural Northeast China. Thus, more attention should be paid to residents with snoring problems.

Effect of Pakkat (Calamus caesius blume) Ethanol Extract on Testis Tissues Histology of Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels or chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes has been shown to have an adverse effect on male and female reproductive function and its impact can be seen in the increasing prevalence of infertility. Pakkat is believed to be used as a medicine for diabetes mellitus. The chemical compounds contained in pakkat consist of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids/steroids, saponins, tannins and glycosides which can be useful for lowering blood sugar levels. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of pakkat extract on Sperm Count and Motility Sperm of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: This study used a laboratory experimental design (true experiment) with a post test control group design only approach. The samples in this study were 25 diabetic rats that is grouped in 5 groups: control (-) group (NaCMC), control (+) group (metformin), Treatment Group I (extract dose of 125 mg/kgBW), Treatment Group II (extract dose of 250 mg/kgBW), Treatment Group III (extract at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW) given for 2 weeks. Results: The results obtained in this research show that extract of pakkat at doses of 125mg/kgBB and 250mg/kgBB after 2 weeks could increase the number and moltility of spermatozoa. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded of pakkat extract could increase the number and motility of spermatozoa of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetes Mellitus.

The Impacts of Pharmacological and Other Interventions for Preventing the Onset of Diabetes

Owing to over 600 million persons globally facing complications of diabetes, researchers on daily basis are exploring various interventions to prevent individuals of all ages from developing the disease. Pharmacology as well as other interventions like counselling therapy, and cognitive are used to delay the onset of diabetes. Diet, physical exercise and medications are the best means to effectively lower blood sugar levels among diabetic patients. Endocrinologists believe interventions improve quality of life and often work by delaying the onset of diabetes. The objective of this study is to determine whether pharmacological and psychological interventions could prevent the onset of diabetes. Cochrane Endocrine and Metabolic Register of Studies up to 15 September 2022 using search terms relevant to this review were reviewed. The study also conducts searches in Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Web of Science, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, and Journal of the American Diabetic Association just to mention but a few. Qualitative method for data collection. The result shows that diets, exercise, glucose monitoring and reduction in weight could be used in delaying the onset of diabetes. Some studies were excluded simply because they did not meet inclusion criteria while the risk of bias was included in the studies.

Community Health Workers' Concept and Understanding of Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.

Community health workers (CHWs) fill in the insufficiency of health professionals in low-income countries. The CHWs' roles include health education of their constituents whose health they likewise take care. This study aimed to describe the concept and understanding of diabetes among CHWs in the Philippines. Fifty female CHWs currently working in rural and urban areas participated in six focus group discussions with guidance from Kleinman's eight questions. With the written informed consent of the participants, discussions were recorded and transcribed by the Research Assistant. A multi-disciplinary team manually analyzed the data. Disagreements were discussed among them and the physicians provided clinical analyses and explanations on the results. Quotations of an important point of view were also presented. Pseudonyms were utilized to uphold anonymity. CHWs were aged 32 to 72 years; older participants reside in rural areas. Majority were married, housekeepers, and high school graduates. Some CHWs and their family were suffering from diabetes or dyabetis, the disease of the rich according to them. Its causes were food and lifestyle, and believed to be hereditary. Complications lead to death. Amputation was feared the most. Diabetes is incurable. Persons with diabetes should take maintenance medicines, and seek physicians' and family's help. Together with the patient, the family must decide on its management. Balanced diet, healthy lifestyle, maintenance medicines, food supplements, and herbal plants were perceived treatments. The internist should lower blood sugar level as well as prolong life span. Proper diet and regular check-up prevent diabetes. CHWs' concept and understanding of diabetes reflect some of the biomedical causes, effects, treatment, and prevention of diabetes as well as its social determinants. The efficacy and safety of herbal plants in the treatment of diabetes, however, should be further studied. Training on diabetes care should be provided to address their fears of amputation, insulin injection, and complications.