Lower Total Antioxidant Capacity Levels Research Articles

Serum methylglyoxal level and its association with oxidative stress and disease severity in patients with psoriasis

Psoriasis vulgaris (PV), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is a condition of increased oxidative stress (OxS). However, interest related to oxidative and carbonyl stress damages to proteins, such as the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursor molecule methylglyoxal (MG) has been modest. The objective of this study was to compare the systemic levels of OxS markers in patients with PV and healthy controls (Co) and to investigate their correlation with the serum level of MG. Total peroxide concentration (TPX) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were estimated by means of spectrophotometry. The TPX and TAC ratio was regarded as OxS index (OSI). MG level was determined using ELISA. Compared to Co, patients with PV had significantly increased blood levels of TPX (P < 0.0001), OSI (P < 0.0001), and MG (P = 0.01), and lower TAC levels (P < 0.0001). Increase in body mass index (BMI) appeared to contribute to this imbalance as TAC levels decreased with increasing BMI (r = -0.252, P < 0.01). Increased TPX concentration was associated with higher serum level of MG (r = 0.610, P = 0.004), the latter being positively correlated with psoriasis area and severity index (r = 0.577, P = 0.008). In performed multivariate regression analysis, TPX, TAC, and OSI were all significant predictors of MG level. Our study gave further proof of increased systemic psoriasis-related OxS. MG serum level, reflecting simultaneously OxS as well as carbonyl stress status, could be used as a marker of disease activity in clinical trials while looking for new systemic therapies for psoriasis.

Relationship between Glycaemic Control and Oxidative Stress in Elderly Diabetic Patients

Background: Oxidative stress is characterized by an increased concentration of O 2 -derived products that provoke critical, even irreversible, cell injury. In diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress results both from exposure to hyperglycaemia and from functional limitation of the hexose monophosphate shunt. Aim: Assess relationship between glycaemic control and oxidative stress in elderly diabetic patients. Methodology: Cross sectional study, Ain Shams University, 82 subjects > 50 years, full clinical assessment, FBS (fasting blood sugar), 2 hour PP (post prandial), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), MDA (malonyldialdehyde ) measured. Results: Patients with nephropathy have higher levels of MDA and lower levels of TAC. Patients with neuropathy and retinopathy have higher levels of MDA than those without (statistically not significant). There was a slightly negative correlation between FBS, HBA1C and TAC and slightly positive correlation between MDA and FBS, HBA1C. MDA showed a slightly negative correlation with TAC. Patients on insulin therapy have the higher level of MDA and the lower level of TAC in comparison to the other two groups (not statistically significant).

Oxidative stress is increased in primary and post−polycythemia vera myelofibrosis

To determine if increased cell turnover in chronic myeloproliferative disorders can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia as a result of folate and/or cobalamin depletion, and contribute to oxidative stress. The clinical role of oxidative stress was investigated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, cobalamin, and holotranscobalamin (HoloTC) levels in 51 chronic myeloproliferative disorders patients (male-to-female ratio: 1.1; median age: 64 years; range, 40-84 years), including 42 with primary myelofibrosis and 9 with post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis. Myelofibrotic patients had higher tHcy (p = 0.0201) and an unbalanced oxidative status (higher ROS and lower TAC levels; p < 0.0001) than controls. Presence of diabetes or another neoplasia was associated with higher ROS levels (p < 0.05), splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and peripheral blasts with lower HoloTC levels (p < 0.005). The most severe forms of myelofibrosis (2-3) were associated with lower TAC (p = 0.045) and HoloTC levels (p = 0.017). Patients with Janus kinase-2 mutations had lower HoloTC levels (p = 0.0059). HoloTC deficiency was more frequently associated with Janus kinase-2 homozygosity (p < 0.0003). Our findings suggest that the determination of HoloTC, tHcy, ROS concentrations, and TAC, can identify latent cobalamin deficiency and provide a rational basis for correcting the increased oxidation associated with disease progression.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in women with general and abdominal adiposity

Previous studies have shown that general and abdominal adiposity are closely associated with risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease events. We sought to evaluate the oxidative stress and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in women with general and abdominal adiposity. In this study, 160 women 20-45 years old were randomly selected. General information data were gathered from each sample using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Venous blood samples were drawn from subjects and plasma was separated. In this study, oxidative stress levels were assessed by measuring the concentrations of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). We also evaluated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma in subjects. Mean plasma concentration of MDA was significantly higher in overweight and obese women groups compared to healthy women group (2.62 ± 0.81 vs. 1.96 ± 0.72, p < 0.01 and 3.25 ± 0.74 vs. 1.96 ± 0.72, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, plasma TAC levels were significantly lower in obese women compared to healthy women group (2.57 ± 0.58 vs. 3.45 ± 0.73, p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between overweight and normal weight women in plasma TAC levels. In addition, women with central body fat distribution had higher MDA (3.28 ± 0.78 vs. 2.23 ± 0.52, p < 0.001) and lower TAC levels (p < 0.01) compared to normal body fat distribution (2.41 ± 0.59 vs. 3.16 ± 0.84, p < 0.01). We also observed that aforementioned relationships remained significant even after adjusting for several confounders. Our results provides further evidence suggesting that obesity and, especially, abdominal adiposity associated with elevated oxidative stress and decreased levels of TAC in plasma which in turn, may contribute to obesity related diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

Effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) supplementation on the performance of dairy calves

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a tea known for its high antioxidant content, was supplemented to 24 of 48 Holstein calves to assess its effect on the calves’ performance. Calves were weighed and blood samples were taken each week. Serum was assayed for metabolic parameters (total protein, albumin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides and β-hydroxybutyric acid) and markers of oxidative status [advanced oxidation protein products, 8-isoprostane and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration]. Supplemented calves had higher triglyceride levels (P &lt; 0.05) suggesting that Yerba Mate induced fat mobilisation and usage. A significant effect of the interaction time of sampling × diet (P &lt; 0.05) was noted for plasma TAC concentration with the Yerba mate calves presenting significantly lower levels of TAC on the last week of the trial. Yerba Mate supplemented calves had significantly lower levels of total protein (P &lt; 0.05) and albumin (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the non-supplemented calves. The net result was reduced liveweight in Yerba Mate supplemented calves (P &lt; 0.001) and thus the hypothesis that Yerba Mate supplementation would increase dairy calves’ growth rates was rejected. This study demonstrated that supplementation of Yerba Mate to dairy calves had significant effects on their metabolic and oxidative status, which resulted in lower liveweight at the end of the trial.

Oxidative Macromolecular Damage in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose: To evaluate oxidative damage to the macromolecules, including protein, lipid, and DNA, in association with total oxidation status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Materials and Methods: Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl (PC) as a marker of protein oxidation, 8-hydroxy-29-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as an indicator of oxidative DNA damage along with TOS, TAC were measured by specific methods in 47 patients with exudative AMD and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects.Results: Significantly higher MDA, PC, 8-OHdG, TOS, and lower TAC levels were detected in the serum of patients with exudative AMD compared with their controls (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The results indicate that an imbalance between TOS and TAC leads to not only increased lipid damage, but also protein and DNA damage. These first reported results suggest that protein and DNA damage might also play a role in the pathogenesis of AMD.

Semen quality and oxidative stress scores in fertile and infertile patients with varicocele

To compare semen quality and levels of seminal oxidative stress among three groups: infertile men with varicocele, fertile men with varicocele, and healthy semen donors (controls) without varicocele. Prospective study. Academic medical centers. None. Semen specimens were obtained from 21 infertile patients with varicocele, 15 fertile men with varicocele, and 17 healthy fertile men with normal semen characteristics. Principal component analysis was applied to nine semen characteristics to provide a standardized semen quality score. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by chemiluminescence assays to create an ROS-TAC score. The mean semen quality scores of the infertile patients with varicocele were lower than those of the control subjects but similar to those of the fertile men with varicocele. Compared with the healthy subjects, the infertile men with varicocele had higher ROS levels but lower TAC levels. They also had significantly lower ROS-TAC scores compared with control subjects, but the scores were not significantly different than those seen in fertile men with varicocele. These findings not only provide us with valuable information regarding semen quality but also can serve as a warning that the fertility potential in fertile varicocele patients can decline due to oxidative stress.

Oxidative Stress Is Increased in Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (CIMF) Patients, and Is Associated with High Levels of Homocysteine (Hcy) and Depletion of Holotranscobalamin (holoTC).

In patients with myeloproliferative disorders, the increased cellular turnover may lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HH), caused by depletion of folate and/or cobalamin (VitB12). HH represents a cause of oxidative stress, associated with a number of diseases, among which cardiovascular events play an important role. Recently, holoTC, that consist of VitB12 linked to its transport molecule, transcobalamin, has been proposed as a more reliable marker than the dosage of total serum VitB12 to detect the deficiency of this vitamin.The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical role of oxidative stress in CIMF. We performed in 67 CIMF patients (M/F: 38/29; median age 63, range 34–79), the dosage of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Hcy, VitB12, folates and holoTC, and correlated the results with the following clinical variables: age, sex, cytogenetics, white blood cells and platelets counts, hemoglobin and LDH levels, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, hypertension, diabetes, smoking habit, cardiovascular events, secondary tumors, and presence of blasts in peripheral blood. Serum concentrations of VitB12, folates and holoTC were determined by AxSYM B12 or Folate microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) and new Axis-Shield HoloTC MEIA, respectively; plasma Hcy levels were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). All the panel was performed on the Abbott AxSYM analyser. CIMF patients presented increased oxidative stress (lower levels of TAC and higher levels of ROS), compared to a panel of 53 healthy volunteers (Mann Whitney U test, p<0.0001). Higher values of Hcy were detected in the group of CIMF presenting holoTC deficiency (Mann Whitney U test, p=0.03). Consistently, holoTC directly correlated with TAC (Spearman correlation, p=0.01). Interestingly, levels of holoTC and TAC were significantly lower in the group of CIMF patients with blasts in the peripheral blood (Mann Whitney U test, p=0.01 and p=0.009, respectively). Notably, levels of VitB12 and folates did not correlate with Hcy, holoTC, TAC or ROS. No correlations were found between the levels of Hcy, holoTC, TAC, ROS, VitB12 or folates and the remaining clinical variables considered. In conclusion, we demonstrated that CIMF patients present an increase in oxidative stress compared to healthy controls. We observed that holoTC depletion is associated to HH and reduced TAC, consistently with an increased oxidative potential. These findings indicate the presence of a clinically significant VitB12 deficiency, detectable only by holoTC dosage, in the presence of normal levels of total serum VitB12. The other interesting finding is the association of holoTC and TAC deficiency with the presence of blasts in the peripheral blood of the patients, suggesting a role of oxidative damage in CIMF progression. Therefore, our findings suggest that, in CIMF patients, the dosage of ROS, TAC, holoTC, and Hcy, may represent a valuable clinical aid in the diagnosis of unapparent VitB12 deficiency, and provide a rational basis to prevent and/or correct the increase in oxidative potential associated with this disease.

The association between pre-hypertension status and oxidative stress markers related to atherosclerotic disease: The ATTICA study

Background We sought to evaluate the association between pre-hypertension status and oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)), in a random sample of cardiovascular disease-free adults. Methods The ATTICA study is a cross-sectional population-based survey that conducted in Attica region during 2001–2002. Based on a multistage and stratified random sampling, 1514 men and 1528 women (18–89 years old) were enrolled. The survey included a detailed interview; blood samples collected after 12 h of fasting and, among other clinical measurements, status of blood pressure levels was evaluated. Results Six hundred and fifty-three men (43%) and 535 women (35%) were defined as pre-hypertensives. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were inversely correlated with TAC ( p < 0.001) and positively correlated to oxidized LDL ( p < 0.001). Particularly, compared to normotensive subjects, pre-hypertensives had 7% lower TAC levels ( p < 0.001) and 15% higher oxidized LDL levels ( p < 0.05), after correcting for multiple comparisons and adjusting for age, body mass index, blood lipids, glucose, food groups consumed and other potential confounders. Conclusions Studying a large sample of cardiovascular disease-free adults, we revealed an association of pre-hypertension with oxidative stress markers linking to atherosclerotic process.

Total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde in acute abdominal pain

Recent investigations suggest that oxidative stress markers are useful in the evaluation of some types of abdominal pathology. We hypothesized that the severity of abdominal pain is correlated with oxidative stress as quantified by total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The objective of this study was to determine the plasma TAC and MDA levels in patients with acute abdominal pain and to examine their relation to abdominal emergency. We recruited 128 patients presenting with acute abdominal pain at the emergency department. Medical history, vital signs and laboratory data were collected on arrival. TAC and MDA levels were determined using serums obtained from the initial blood sampling. Patients with acute abdominal pain had lower levels of TAC and higher levels of MDA than normal control. When patients were grouped according to whether they were discharged early (less than 24 hours) or hospitalized longer than 24 hours, Patients with hospital stay > 24 hours had significantly elevated pulse rate, temperature, leukocyte count, and C reactive protein (CRP) and lower TAC. No significant difference was found in age, sex, temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and MDA level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CRP and TAC were significant indicators of quantitative variables for disposition. This study found a correlation exists between oxidative stress and disease severity in patients with abdominal pain. This suggests that TAC might be useful as a guide for patient disposition in the emergency department. (Am J Emerg Med 2002;20:79-82. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.)