Lower Total Antioxidant Capacity Levels Research Articles

Prevalence of dental caries among coronavirus disease 2019-recovered patients and correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity in Kalaburagi region of Indian subpopulation.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has vastly affected mankind worldwide, and its long-term effect on oral health needs to be studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and its correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Kalaburagi region of the Indian subpopulation. About 80 subjects (16-55 years) were included in the study based on selection criteria and were divided into two groups (n = 40). Group 1: no history of COVID-19 infection and Group 2: COVID-19-recovered subjects. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 20) A and B with and without dental caries. Dental caries was assessed using the decay, missing, filled, treatment (DMFT) index by the World Health Organization. About 5 ml of unstimulated saliva samples was collected and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were collected. Salivary TAC was estimated using 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic] acid assay and observed under spectrophotometer (734 nm). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality distribution followed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (P < 0.05). COVID-19-recovered subjects showed a higher prevalence of dental caries and lower TAC levels than non-COVID-19 subjects. Higher prevalence of dental caries with lower levels of salivary TAC was found in COVID-19-recovered individuals.

Transcranial direct current stimulation alleviates nociceptive behavior in male rats with neuropathic pain by regulating oxidative stress and reducing neuroinflammation.

Transcranial direct curent stimulation (tDCS) and trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) are promising therapies for pain that can alter the excitability of neuronal activity in cerebral cortex. The aim of the study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of direct current stimulation (DCS) over the spinal cord and cerebral cortex on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI).Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: Sham, CCI, CCI + tDCS and CCI + tsDCS. The neuropathic pain model was induced by using the CCI model. Rats with neuropathy were treated with cathodal tDCS and tsDCS stimulations consisting of 0.5 mA for 30 min a day for 7 days from day 8 onwards. Locomotor activity was measured by open-field test and nociceptive behavior was assessed by hot-plate, tail-flick and Randall-Selitto tests. Following the behavioral experiments, total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and proinflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated in spinal cord and cerebral cortex tissues. The CCI model induced significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Nociceptive behaviors in rats with CCI were reversed by DCS treatment. Higher TOC and lower TAC levels were detected in the spinal cord and cerebral cortex tissues of the CCI rats compared to the control. tsDCS treatment amended oxidant/antioxidant status. Moreover, tsDCS modulated the central levels of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-18. tsDCS stimulation showed better therapeutic effect on neuropathic pain by regulating oxidant/antioxidant levels and reducing neuroinflammation. DCS, especially at spinal level, may be a promising therapeutic strategy that can be used alone or in combination with other effective treatments for alleviating neuropathic pain.

Evaluation of Oxidative DNA Damage among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Healthy Individuals in Duhok, Iraq: A Case-control Study

Introduction: The association between oxidative Deoxy Ribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage and diabetes is well established. Increased glucose levels can stimulate free radical production. However, data regarding DNA damage in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients and healthy individuals are controversial and scarce in Iraq. Aim: To assess the DNA damage among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals and to analyse its relationship with oxidative stress biomarkers. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Duhok Diabetes Center, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from September 2016 to March 2018. In this study, biomarkers of both oxidative stress and DNA damage including Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured in 297 patients with type 2 diabetes and 188 healthy individuals. Selection of cases and healthy individuals was done using random sampling technique. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 and a p-value &lt;0.05 was set as a cut off value of statistical significance. Results: The mean age, sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) were similar between patients and healthy individuals. Significantly higher 8-OHdG and MDA levels (p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.010, respectively) together with lower TAC levels (p=0.010) were found in diabetics compared to healthy individuals. In diabetic patients, a positive correlation of 8-OHdG was observed with MDA (r=0.220), and a negative correlation was observed with TAC (r= -0.47). Based on the estimated cut-off point of DNA damage (8-OHdG of 4.0 ng/mL), 84.51% of patients had high levels of DNA damage compared with healthy individuals (28.7%). Conclusion: Oxidative DNA damage increased in diabetic patients, and was associated with lower antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may be an effective public health intervention to reduce DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Antioxidant and antiradical activities depend on adrenal tumor type.

The aim of the study was to assess the total antioxidant/oxidant status in the plasma and urine of patients with adrenal tumors. The study group consisted of 60 patients (31 women and 29 men) with adrenal masses, classified into three subgroups: non-functional incidentaloma, pheochromocytoma and Cushing’s/Conn’s adenoma. The number of patients was set a priori based on our previous experiment (α = 0.05, test power = 0.9). Antioxidant activity (Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI)) and antiradical activity (Radical-Scavenging Activity Assay (DPPH), Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)) were measured using colorimetric methods. FRAP level was decreased in plasma and urine incidentaloma (p<0.0001), pheochromocytoma (p<0.0001) and Cushing’s/Conn’s adenoma (p<0.0001), while DPPH antiradical activity only in plasma of patients with adrenal masses (p<0.0001). Plasma TAC was increased in incidentaloma patients (p=0.0192), whereas in pheochromocytoma group (p=0.0343) was decreased. Plasma and urine TOS (p<0.0001) and OSI (p<0.01) were significantly higher in patients with adrenal tumors. In pheochromocytoma patients, plasma and urine TAC (p=0.001; p=0.002), as well as plasma plasma DPPH (p=0.007) and urine FRAP (p=0.017) correlated positively with normethanephrine. We are the first who showed reduced radical scavenging capacity in the plasma/urine of patients with adrenal masses. Nevertheless, plasma TAC was significantly higher in the incidentaloma group compared to controls. Therefore, plasma and urinary antioxidant and antiradical activities depend on the presence of the tumor. Lower levels of TAC, DPPH and FRAP clearly indicate a reduced ability to scavenge free radicals and thus a lack of effective protection against oxidative stress in patients with adrenal tumors. Both plasma and urine redox biomarkers can be used to assess systemic antioxidant status in adrenal tumor patients.

Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of L-arginine Administration After Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats.

To investigate the effect of fluid resuscitation and L-arginine administration on oxidant status markers, blood gases, lactate and apoptosis in the brain tissue of a rat model of TBI with hemorrhagic shock. A total of 60 rats were divided into six groups: control, isotonic saline-treated, 7.5% NaCl-treated (hypertonic saline), L-arginine-treated (100 mg/kg), saline + L-arginine-treated and 7.5% NaCl + L-arginine-treated groups. Closed head contusive weight-drop injuries were performed with hemorrhagic shock in all of the groups. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse rate, lactate, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and apoptosis were investigated. In a total of 48 rats, MAP levels remained higher than 60 mmHg for 3 hours in all of the treatment groups. The highest MAP values in each group were recorded. Higher MDA and lower TAC levels were observed in the control group than in all of the treatment groups (all p < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells was highest in the control group and lowest in the L-arginine group. L-arginine administration may be an alternative treatment option for individualized fluid resuscitation in patients with TBI and hemorrhagic shock.

Lifestyle and oxidative stress status in infertile women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: comparative cross-sectional study

BackgroundFemale infertility is a public health problem, contributing to 65.9% of infertility in Tanzania. Lifestyle and oxidative stress (OS) have been suggested to affect female fertility; however, there are limited and controversial reports. This study aimed to determine the lifestyle and OS status of fertile and infertile women and relate lifestyle and OS to female infertility. The study was conducted among randomly selected 48 fertile and 48 infertile women aged 15–49 years attending a gynaecological clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital. Lifestyle information was collected using a proforma, and a sandwich ELISA method was used to analyse OS biomarkers (malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity). Chi-square, independent t test and correlation coefficient were used for data analysis at p < 0.05.ResultsInfertile women were significantly older (33.4 versus 30.3 years, p = 0.03), got married at later ages (25.0 versus 22.8 years, p = 0.02), were in employment (62.5% versus 29.2%, p = 0.001), had attained university degree (56.3% versus 27.1%, p = 0.004) and were more obese, more likely to consume alcoholic drinks (p = 0.02) and less likely to use supplements (p = 0.000) than fertile women. Infertile women had statistically significant higher malondialdehyde (p = 0.000) and lower total antioxidant capacity levels (p = 0.000) than fertile women. The total antioxidant capacity level had a statistically significant negative correlation with alcohol consumption (r = −0.27, p = 0.008) and obesity (r = −0.32, p = 0.002) and a positive correlation with supplement use (r = 0.24, p = 0.02). Also, malondialdehyde level had a statistically significant positive correlation with alcohol consumption (r = 0.31, p = 0.002) and obesity (r = 0.28, p = 0.007).ConclusionsThe differences in socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and oxidative stress between fertile and infertile women may account for difficulties in achieving pregnancy among infertile women in Tanzania. Lifestyle factors significantly affect oxidative stress. Health education on appropriate lifestyles that support female fertility and emphasis on supplement use during the preconception period may be beneficial in the management of female infertility.

Evaluation of demodicosis, nailfold capillaroscopy, and oxidative stress in rosacea: a case-control study.

IntroductionInflammation, immune system disorders, Demodex infestation, neurovascular dysregulation and oxidative stress are thought to be contributory factors in the pathogenesis of rosacea.AimTo evaluate the presence of Demodex mites, the morphologic features of the nailfold capillaries, and the systemic oxidative stress status in patients with rosacea.Material and methodsThirty-one patients diagnosed with rosacea and 37 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects were included in this prospective case-control study. The presence of Demodex infestation, the findings of nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), and the status of systemic oxidative stress measured by total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were evaluated.ResultsDemodex infestation rates were significantly higher in rosacea patients than in controls (p = 0.001). Increases in the diameters of the capillaries and the presence of avascular areas and crossing and abnormal structures were significantly more common in rosacea patients than in the healthy controls (p < 0.01, p = 0.016, p = 0.02, p < 0.001, respectively), and hairpin structures were significantly less common in rosacea patients than in the controls (p < 0.001). The presence of crossing capillaries was positively correlated with higher TOC levels (p = 0.05), while abnormal structures were found to be correlated with lower levels of TAC (p = 0.045).ConclusionsOxidative status and NFC may play diagnostic and prognostic roles in rosacea, which should be confirmed by studies with larger sample sizes.

Serum prolidase activity, total oxidant/antioxidant, and nitric oxide levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aims to assess the prolidase activity, nitric oxide levels, and oxidative status in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The study included 30 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (11 males, 19 females; mean age 61±3 years; range, 28 to 77 years) and 30 healthy controls (10 males, 20 females; mean age 58±5 years; range, 31 to 73 years). Serum prolidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and nitric oxide levels were measured. In addition, the oxidative stress index was calculated. Prominently elevated serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress index values, total oxidant status, and nitric oxide levels were detected in the patient group (p<0.05). Lower total antioxidant capacity levels were observed in the patient group (p<0.05). Increased oxidant status with increased nitric oxide levels and prolidase activity were found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Impairment of antioxidant mechanism with increased prolidase activity and nitric oxide levels may have a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Correlation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Hematological Parameters in Blood Cancer Patients from Sardinia, Italy

Background: Over the last few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in hematological malignancies (HMs) in the population of Sardinia. It is accepted that oxidative stress biomarkers have been demonstrated to be prognostically important in various neoplastic diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum vitamin E, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in 80 Sardinian patients with different HMs [acute myeloid leukemia (AML)(n=20), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (n=20), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (n=20) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n=20)] on the day of their diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Samples from all participants were obtained after an overnight fast (at least 10 hours). This study was approved and conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients and controls provided written, informed consent before entering the study. All study participants' medical history and their medication were documented upon enrolling. Results: Lower levels of TAC and Vitamin E were observed in most of the studied groups compared to healthy controls (0.41-0.49 mmol/L vs. 0.56 mmol/L) (19.55-28.55 μmol/L vs. 34.51 μmol/L). Moreover, higher average MDA levels were observed in HL and NHL patients compared to healthy controls (16.6 ng/ml-17.8 ng/ml vs. 7.4 ng/ml). Additionally, the ROS values of all studied groups were found elevated. Serum TAC showed significant negative correlations with MDA values (R= -0.51; P<0.001). Statistical significance was observed in all hematological parameters, producing either positive or negative correlation with at least one OS biomarker. Conclusion: The present data suggest that Sardinian patients with HL and NHL on the day of their diagnosis presented the highest OS in comparison to AML and healthy subjects. Moreover, MDS patients presented high OS status. Likewise, our results also indicated that changes in their hematological indices are eminent of their oxidative and antioxidative status.

Imbalance of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Background:Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is associated with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis. However, the underlying mechanisms linking OSAHS with bone loss are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL, an osteoclastogenesis-promoting factor) and osteoprotegerin (OPG, the decoy receptor for RANKL), oxidative stress and bone metabolism markers in OSAHS, in order to understand the potential mechanisms underlying bone loss in OSAHS patients.Methods:Forty-eight male patients with OSAHS, confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) study, were enrolled. Twenty male subjects who were confirmed as not having OSAHS served as the controls. The subjects’ bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed in lumbar spine and femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood samples were collected from all subjects for measurement of RANKL, OPG, the bone formation marker bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), the bone resorption marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC).Results:The BMD and the T-score of the femoral neck and the lumbar spine were significantly lower in OSAHS patients as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The serum level of BAP was significantly decreased in the OSAHS group (15.62 ± 5.20 μg/L) as compared to the control group (18.83 ± 5.50 μg/L, t = −2.235, P < 0.05), while the levels of TRAP-5b did not differ between the two groups (t = −1.447, P > 0.05). The serum level of OPG and the OPG/RANKL ratio were lower in the OSAHS group compared to the control group (both P < 0.05). TAOC level was also decreased significantly in the OSAHS group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the TAOC level was positively correlated with BAP in the OSAHS group (r = 0.248, P = 0.04), but there were no correlations between TAOC and the BMD or the T-scores. The correlations between the level of OPG (or the OPG/RANKL ratio) and BMD or TAOC did not reach significance.Conclusion:In OSAHS patients, lower levels of TAOC were associated with decreased bone formation, suggesting a role of oxidative stress in bone loss, while the role of OPG/RANKL imbalance in bone metabolism in OSAHS needs further evaluation.

Total Antioxidant Capacity; A Potential Biomarker for Non-Invasive Sex Prediction in Culture Medium of Preimplantation Human Embryos.

Objective The presence of a sex related metabolic difference in glucose utilization and, on the other hand, different developmental kinetic rates in human preimplantation embryos, has been previously observed, hawever, the correlation between these two events is unknown. Oxidative stress (OS) induced by higher glucose consumption appears to be a possible cause for the delayed development rate in female embryos. We examined the correlation between glucose consumption and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration in individual embryo culture media for both male and female embryos. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated high quality embryos from 51 patients that underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) at the Royan Institute between December 2014 and September 2017. The embryos were individually cultured in G-2TMmedium droplets at days 3-5 or 48 hours post PGD. We analysed the spent culture media following embryo transfer for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and any remaining glucose concentrations through fluorometric measurement by chemiluminecence system which indirectly was used for measurement of glucose consumed by embryos. Results The results showed that female embryos consumed more glucose which was associated with decreased TAC concentration in their culture medium compared to male embryos. The mean of glucose concentration consumed by the female embryos (30.7 ± 4.7 pmol/embryo/hour) was significantly higher than that of the male embryos (25.3 ± 3.3 pmol/embryo/hour) (P<0.001). There were significantly lower levels of TAC in the surrounding culture medium of female embryos (22.60 ± 0.19 nmol/µl) compared with male embryos (24.74 ± 0.27 nmol/µl, P<0.01). ConclusionThis finding highlighted the utilization of sex dependent metabolic diversity between preimplantation embryos for non-invasive sex diagnosis and suggests the TAC concentration as a potential noninvasive biomarker for prediction of sex.

The investigation of the relationships of demodex density with inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rosacea

The relationships of demodex density with systemic oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and clinical severity in rosacea are not clear. This study aimed to (a) analyze the levels of systemic oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory parameters, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in systemic circulation in patients with rosacea, (b) identify the relationship between mite density and both oxidative stress and inflammation, and (c) investigate the role of photoaging and sebum secretion in etiopathogenesis. Forty patients with rosacea and 40 age-, sex-, and skin phenotype-matched healthy volunteers were included in the study. Clinical disease severity of the patients was determined. Sebum levels were measured in both the groups, and photoaging was evaluated. Reflectance confocal microscopy was used to calculate demodex density. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), myeloperoxidase (MPO), MMP-1, MMP-9, arylesterase (ARES), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were also analyzed. The patients with rosacea had significantly higher serum TOC and lower TAC levels (p < 0.001). The serum ARES and PON-1 levels were significantly lower (p = 0.045 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, the serum levels of MMP-1, MMP-9, IL-1β and MPO were higher in the patient group. Demodex parameters were higher in the patient group compared to the control group. There was no significant correlation between the number of mites and disease severity. In addition, the number of mites was not correlated with the serum levels of TAC, TOC, OSI, MPO, MMP-1, MMP-9, ARES, PON-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β. However, sebum levels were directly proportional to the number of mites. Photoaging severity was similar between the patients and control subjects. The changing sebaceous microenvironment in rosacea leads to an increase in the number of demodex mites. However, increased demodex density does not alter disease severity, level of oxidative stress, or inflammation. Although none of the patients with rosacea had any underlying systemic disease, patients' systemic oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were found high in systemic circulation. It is assumed that the patients with rosacea are more prone to systemic diseases.

Dysregulated expression of antioxidant enzymes in polyethylene particle-induced periprosthetic inflammation and osteolysis.

Small wear particles (0.1–10 μm) in total joint replacement are generally considered as the major causative agent leading to periprosthetic inflammation and osteolysis. However, little is known about the roles of larger wear particles (10–100 μm) in periprosthetic inflammation and osteolysis. Additionally, although ample studies demonstrated that increased oxidative stress is critically involved in particle-induced inflammation and osteolysis, detailed changes in antioxidant enzymes expression in the disease development remain largely unclear. Herein, we used a rat knee prosthesis model to assess effects of polyethylene (PE) particles (20–60 μm) on the levels of oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in blood plasma, and on the expression profiles of antioxidant enzymes in knee joint tissues. In combination with a forced-exercise intervention for all surgical rats, we found that the rat groups treated with both artificial joint and PE particles exhibited higher MDA levels and lower TAC levels, together with lower levels of physical activity and higher levels of inflammatory markers, than the sham group and the groups receiving artificial joint or PE particles alone at weeks 20–24 post-operatively. Dose-response relationships between the exposure to PE particles and the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation were also observed in the artificial joint/PE groups. Under such conditions, we unexpectedly found that most of antioxidant enzymes displayed pronounced up-regulation, with concomitant induction of inflammatory and osteoclast-inducing factors (including IL-1β, NF-κB and RANKL), in the artificial joint/PE groups as compared to the sham, artificial joint only, or PE only group. Only a few antioxidant enzymes including SOD2 and GPx2 showed down-regulation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that implantation of artificial joint along with large PE particles synergistically trigger the induction of oxidative stress; however, down-regulation of many antioxidant enzymes may not necessarily occur during the disease development.

Assessment of the Effects of Oxidative Stress on Some Reproductive Hormones in Male Hypertensive Subjects at NAUTH, Nnewi

Background: This is a prospective case control study, aimed at assessing the effect of oxidative stress using Malondialdehyde (MDA) Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) on some reproductive hormones Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Testosterone (TT) in male hypertensive subjects at NAUTH Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.Methods: 90 newly diagnosed adult male hypertensive and sixty normotensive control subjects aged between 30-65 (49.98 ± 9.90) years were randomly recruited for the study. Blood sample were collected from all the participants, separated and stored frozen at ˗20°C until assayed for male sex hormones using standard ELISA methods and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD and TAC) using Spectrophotometric method. Blood pressures were measured using accosson sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, and high blood pressure was considered when systolic blood pressure (SBP) is greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 90 mmHg persistently for three days. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to ascertain the bio-data and anthropometric index of all the participants.Results: SBP and DBP were significantly higher in hypertensive male subjects 157.10 ± 15.40, 99.40 ± 8.94) compared to controls (114.50 ± 8.3, 76.60 ± 5.90) (p=0.000 respectively). FSH and LH (11.94 ± 4.14, 8.46 ± 2.54) were significantly higher while TT (3.19 ± 1.63) was significantly lower in hypertensive subjects compared to controls (7.16 ± 3.40, 3.31 ± 1.74) (7.32 ± 2.54) (p=0.000 respectively). More so, the mean levels of MDA and SOD in hypertensive subjects (1.43 ± 0.45, 15.36 ± 6.15) were significantly higher compared to control (0.63 ± 0.29, 5.28 ± 2.70) (p=0.000) while TAC in hypertensive subjects (18.19 ± 5.46) was significantly lower compared to control subjects (36.93 ± 7.55) (p=0.000). Significant positive correlation was observed between SBP, DBP and FSH, LH, SOD, MDA while significant negative correlation existed between SBP, DBP and TT, TAC. TT and LH were significantly positively correlated with TAC and MDA.Conclusion: Hypertensive male subjects showed significantly higher levels of FSH and LH with lower testosterone levels which suggest hypogonadism and significantly higher MDA and SOD with lower levels of TAC indicating some degree of oxidative stress with suppressed body’s antioxidant defense. The positive and negative correlation observed in blood pressure, male sex hormones and oxidative stress markers also showed that oxidative stress may contribute significantly to the hypogonadism observed which may affect the reproductive potentials in these subjects.

Serum prolidase enzyme activity in obese subjects and its relationship with oxidative stress markers

BackgroundThe relationship between increased serum enzyme activity of prolidase and increased rate of collagen turnover in the arterial wall has been asserted in previous studies. Collagen reflects much of the strength to the connective tissue involved in the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis is very common vessel disease and oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis. Our objective was to examine the serum enzyme activity of prolidase and its possible relationships with oxidative stress parameters in obese subjects. MethodsOur present study was conducted 27 obese subjects and 26 age-matched healthy control subjects. The serum enzyme activity of prolidase in all study population was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Oxidative stress levels in obese subjects were analyzed with total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) as well as oxidative stress index (OSI). ResultsObese subjects have higher serum TOS and OSI indicators as well as prolidase activity than those in control subjects (for all; p<0.001). Moreover, obese subjects have lower levels of TAC than in those in healthy subjects (p<0.001). In the Pearson's correlation analysis, enzyme activity of prolidase was positively related with TOS (p<0.001, r=0.529) and OSI (p<0.001, r=0.519) as well as BMI (p<0.001, r=0.692) and inversely related with TAC (p<0.05, r=−0.405) in obese subjects. ConclusionsIncreased serum prolidase activity and decreased antioxidant levels are likely to be a results of increased of oxidative stress levels in obese subjects. The significantly correlation between increased oxidative stress and increased prolidase activity may play a pivotal role in etiopathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in obese subjects.

Sleep mediates the association between homocysteine and oxidative status in mild cognitive impairment

Tremendous progress has been made over the last few years in understanding how sleep and amyloid-β (Aβ) cooperate to speed up the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether sleep deficits also interact with other risk factors that exacerbate the pathological cascade of AD. Based on evidence showing that higher levels of homocysteine (HCY) and sleep loss increase oxidative damage, we here investigate whether the relationship between HCY and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is mediated by changes in objective sleep in healthy older (HO, N = 21) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 21) subjects. Results revealed that reduced TAC levels in MCI was significantly correlated with increased HCY, shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and reduced volume of temporal regions. However, only the HCY-TAC association showed diagnostic value, and this relationship was mediated by poorer sleep quality in MCI patients. We further showed that HCY-related cerebral volume loss in MCI depended on the serial relationship between poorer sleep quality and lower TAC levels. These findings provide novel insights into how impaired sleep may contribute to maintain the relationship between HCY and oxidative stress in prodromal AD, and offer empirical foundations to design therapeutic interventions aimed to weaken this link.

Oxidative Stress Statues in Serum and Follicular Fluid of Women with Endometriosis.

This study aimed to evaluate the levels of two oxidative stress (OS) markers including lipid peroxide (LPO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in both serum and follicular fluid (FF) of women with endometriosis after puncture. In this cross-sectional study, a total number of sixty-three women younger than 40 years old with laparoscopy (gold standard for endometriosis diagnosis) indication underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) program in the Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran from September 2013 to October 2014. About forty-three patients were diagnosed with endometriosis after laparoscopy. Blood and FF from the leading follicle in each stimulated ovary were obtained at the time of egg retrieval; samples were centrifuged and frozen until assessment. At the time of sample assessment, serum and FF samples were evaluated for the levels of LPO and TAC on spectrophotometery. We observed that women with endometriosis had significantly higher LPO and lower TAC levels in the serum and FF as compared with the control group (P<0.05). It has observed that FF of women with endometriosis, regardless of disease stage, increases the proliferation power of endometrial cells in vitro, we presume that inflammatory reactions-induced OS in ovary may be responsible for proliferation induction ability in FF obtained from women with endometriosis.

Association of Seminal Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and Malondialdehyde Levels With Sperm Parameters in Infertile Men With Varicocele

Background: Varicocele is one of the most common reasons for male infertility and could impair spermatogenesis through mechanisms that are not well known. Recently, oxidative stress has been introduced as a major reason for male infertility caused by varicocele. Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to assess the TAC (total antioxidant capacity) and MDA (malondialdehyde) as stress oxidative markers in infertile men with varicocele and fertile men, and moreover, their correlation with sperm parameters. Patients and Methods: This case control study was performed on 43 infertilemen with varicocele and 46men with proven fertility. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction methods were used for seminal plasma TAC and MDA assay, respectively. Results: Lower TAC levels (1.70.2 vs. 1.30.4 mmol/L, P = 0.0004) and higherMDAlevels (2.51.1 vs. 5.81.9 mmol/L, P < 0.0001) were observed in infertile men with varicocele compared to fertile men. There was no correlation between TAC and MDA in fertile men(r = 0.02, P = 0.9), however, a negative correlation was found between TAC andMDAlevels in varicocele infertilemen(r = -0.44, P = 0.003). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between sperm count and sperm motility with TAC levels in varicocele infertile men (r = 0.4, P = 0.02 and r = 0.6, P < 0.0001, respectively). There was a correlation between sperm motility and TAC levels in fertile men (r = 0.5, P = 0.001), but other parameters did not correlate with TAC in this group. A negative correlation was shown between semen volume, sperm count, total sperm, sperm motility, and sperm morphology with MDA levels in varicocele infertile men (r = 0.3, P = 0.045; r = -0.4, P = 0.009; r = -0.5, P = 0.002; r = -0.5, P = 0.001 and r = -0.4, P = 0.008, respectively). There was no correlation between these parameters and MDA in fertile men. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that oxidative stress could play an essential role in male infertility caused by varicocele and may impair spermatogenesis leading to infertility.

The Effect of Tuberculosis on Serum Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-k B Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, and Total Antioxidant Capacity

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), oxidant, and antioxidant status in untreated active pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB). Serum was obtained from 42 patients with different forms of untreated active PTB and 41 healthy subjects, as the control group. The serum levels of OPG, RANKL, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the lipid profiles were determined using standard methods. Patients with PTB were detected to have significantly higher plasma MDA, TNFα, OPG, and RANKL levels, and lower TAC levels, when compared to the healthy controls(p < 0.05 in all of the cases). Low TAC and high MDA levels in PTB patients are indicators of oxidative stress in these patients. Severe oxidative stress and increased RANKL and OPG may induce vascular calcification in PTB patients.

Oxidative stress parameters as biomarkers of risk factor for diabetic foot among the patients with type 2 diabetes

The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma levels of carbonylated proteins, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced protein thiols could be suitable biomarkers of risk factors for diabetic foot. Individuals with type 2 diabetes with normal protective sensation (normal foot group) vs. loss of protective sensation and/or signs of peripheral arterial disease and/or foot deformities and/or history of ulcers and/or neuropathic fractures and/or amputation (diabetic foot group) were compared. The diabetic foot group showed higher carbonylated protein levels (P = 0.0457) and lower levels of TAC (P = 0.0148) and reduced protein thiols (P = 0.0088), compared with the normal foot group. In general, several other parameters of risk of diabetes complication (blood levels of glycated hemoglobin, glucose and cholesterol, duration of diabetes, body mass index and waist circumference) showed a tendency of higher values in the diabetic foot group. The results suggest that the plasma levels of carbonylated proteins, TAC and reduced protein thiols could furnish information about the risk of diabetic foot, considering that the changes in these biomarkers were associated with the loss of sensitivity and foot ulcerations.