Lower Temporal Quadrant Research Articles

Number, shape, and topography of leakage points in acute type I central serous retinopathy.

The evaluation of 430 consecutive eyes (87.5% from male, 12.5% from female patients) showed a leakage point with uniform dye spread in 93%. In 7%, a smoke-stack phenomenon was observed. The number of leakage points reached from 1 (71.6%) to 7 (0.2%). Most leakage points were found in a 1-mm-wide ring-shaped zone starting 0.5 mm from the center of the fovea. Beyond this zone the incidence dropped rapidly with the exception of the upper nasal quadrant. Of the leakage points, 33.2% were located in the upper nasal, 21.2% in the lower nasal, 19.0% in the upper temporal, and 14.8% in the lower temporal quadrant. Leakage points occurred more than 3 mm away from the center of the fovea in 11.8%. The papillomacular bundle contained 25.4% of the leakage points. Leakage points in recurrences were located within 1 mm of the primary leakage point in 80% of the cases.

Quantification and progression of the visual field defect in glaucoma without hypertension, glaucoma simplex and pigmentary glaucoma. A clinical study with the Delta Program of the 201 Octopus perimeter

Visual field defects of stages I-IV, in 451 eyes of 451 glaucoma patients, were examined with the Octopus 201 perimeter: 83 patients with low-tension glaucoma (LTG), 316 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 52 patients with pigmentary glaucoma (PG). Program 31 or 33 was used, with an eccentricity range of up to 30 degrees, 73 test points, and a 6 degrees grid. The mean total field loss (TL) as well as the mean loss per test point (TL/TP) in the 30 degrees field, in the field quadrants, and in the eccentricity ranges from 0-10 degrees, 10-20 degrees, and 20-30 degrees were calculated for each patient with Program Delta. In addition, for each visual field the quotient of total loss and of the number of disturbed test points was calculated, providing a measurement of the mean depth of the field defects. For definition and comparison of visual fields in the different glaucomas at identical stages of the disease according to the amount of TL, the 3 patient groups were subdivided into 4 stages of sensitivity loss: Stage 1: TL less than or equal to 100 dB; Stage 2: TL 101-400 dB; Stage 3: TL 401-800 dB; Stage 4: 801-1600 dB. The results of a comparison of eyes with LTG, POAG, and PG at the same stage of disease were as follows: I. Location of scotomas: 1. Defects more frequent in the lower field in LTG as compared to POAG in stage 2. 2. Defects more frequent in the upper than in the lower field in POAG. 3. Almost equal number of defects in the upper and lower halves in PG. 4. In all 3 glaucoma types the defects are more frequently found in the nasal than in the temporal half of the visual field. 5. In LTG and POAG of all stages the defects are most frequently found in the upper nasal and most seldom in the lower temporal quadrant. 6. In all glaucoma types the defects occur on average most frequently between 10 degrees and 20 degrees of eccentricity. 7. With increasing IOP in POAG the scotomas tend to be equally distributed in the upper and lower quadrants. II. Depth of scotomas: 1. Scotomas are deepest in LTG; they are less deep in POAG, and least deep in PG. 2. In PG the mean scotoma depth depends significantly on maximum IOP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)