Low Serum Ferritin Research Articles

Habitual Snoring in Pediatric Thalassemia Disease; Prevalence, Quality of Life and Risk Factors

Objective: To compare the prevalence of HS and quality of life in non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) and Transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients and to identify risk factors associated with HS in pediatric thalassemia. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric thalassemic patients aged from 6 months - 18 years between January 2020 and October 2020, at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand. Results: There were 141 thalassemia patients (35 TDT and 106 NTDT), aged 7 months-18 years, 73 (51.8%) were male. Sixty-eight patients (48.2%) reported snoring; 28 patients (19.9%) had HS; the remaining 40 patients (28.4%) had simple snoring. The prevalence of HS was not significantly different between TDT and NTDT group (6 (17.1%) VS 22 (20.8%); P= 0.527). Quality of life assessed by OSA-18 score was not significant difference between TDT and NTDT groups (51.3 ± 18.8 VS 45.7 ± 11.4; P=0.141). The associating risk factors for the development of HS after multivariate logistic analysis were nasal congestion, and male gender, with an adjusted OR of 5.3 and 3.0, respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of HS was increased in children with thalassemia. Factors such as nasal congestion and male gender were strongly associated with HS in this population. The quality of life assessment using the OSA-18 questionnaire indicated that thalassemia children generally exhibited a good quality of life. Additionally, our study observed relatively low serum ferritin levels in comparison to previous studies. The standard care provided for TDT patients, includes regular blood transfusion and effective iron chelation, may contribute to slowing down the degree of nasopharyngeal narrowing in thalassemia patients.

Nintedanib could potentially lead to improvements in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated 5 dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease.

To determine the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5+ DM-ILD). The study was a retrospective cohort design that evaluated patients with anti-MDA5+ DM who either received or did not receive nintedanib. Clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and survival were compared in the two groups using a propensity score-matched analysis. The primary endpoint was mortality, while adverse events were recorded descriptively. After propensity score matching, 14 patients who received nintedanib (nintedanib+ group) and matched 56 patients who did not receive nintedanib (nintedanib- group) were enrolled. Compared with the nintedanib- group, the nintedanib+ group had a lower incidence of heliotrope and arthritis, higher lymphocyte counts, lower serum ferritin levels, and greater 12-month survival (all p<0.005). Although lung function, HRCT score, and lung VAS were not statistically different between the two groups, the longitudinal study showed significant improvement in HRCT scores (p=0.028) and pulmonary VAS (p=0.019) in the nintedanib+ group. Adverse events occurred in 28.6% of patients, with the most common adverse event with nintedanib being diarrhoea. Nintedanib may be effective for improving clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, lung lesions, and survival in anti-MDA5+ DM. Diarrhoea was the most common adverse event associated with nintedanib, although the drug was well tolerated by most patients.

The frequency of vitamin B12 derangements in females presenting for workup of iron deficiency anemia

Objective: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent hematological disorder in women of child-bearing age. IDA poses a threat to feto-maternal wellbeing. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. IDA in young females can coexist with other nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin B12 (Vit B12). An undetected Vit B12 deficiency carries a greater likelihood of development of maternal neuropsychiatric disorders and neural tube defects in the fetus. Materials and methods: Venous blood samples of non-pregnant female population (N=133) from Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi were collected and analyzed for complete blood count (CBC), Vit B12 and serum Ferritin. Population was further subdivided into two groups. Group A, included females with low serum Ferritin and low MCV, group B restricted to normal serum Ferritin and low MCV, whereas control group had females with normal serum Ferritin and MCV levels. Results: Demographic data suggested that only height was slightly lower in IDA patients other than reduced serum Ferritin levels. Group A also showed reduced levels of Vit B12 as compared to group B and control group. CBC analysis indicated marked reduction in all hematological parameters except platelet count in group A. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that IDA and Vit B12 deficiency may coexist in young females. Monitoring Vit B12 along with iron deficiency parameters is essential to treat anemia and prevent gynecological complications. Paucity of information on their coexistence in females of childbearing age require further investigation. Keywords: Vitamin B12, Iron deficiency anemia, Microcytosis, Serum Ferritin.

Infectious Risk and Variability of Hemoglobin Level in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

In the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease, hemoglobin levels often fall below or exceed target ranges. Past retrospective cohort studies of patients undergoing hemodialysis with conventional erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) found that hemoglobin level fluctuations predicted mortality and cardiovascular adverse events; long-acting agents were thereafter widely available. An updated validation by a prospective cohort study was needed. Using Cox regression models, we evaluated associations between hemoglobin variability and all-cause death, hospitalization, and cardiovascular, thrombotic, or infectious adverse event outcomes in 3063 hemodialysis patients' data from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (J-DOPPS) from 2012 to2018. During a median follow-up time of 2.5 years, all-cause mortality was lowest in the first quartile and tended to be higher in groups with greater hemoglobin variability (hazard ratio [HR]: 95% confidence interval for the fourth quartile of an absolute value of hemoglobin variability: 1.44 [0.99-2.08], P for trend= 0.056). Infectious event incidence in these patients was also lower in the first quartile than for the other quartiles (P for trend< 0.01). The association was more pronounced in patients with lower serum ferritin levels or iron supplementation. Cardiovascular and thrombotic event incidence was not associated with hemoglobin variability. Maintenance hemodialysis patients on ESA treatment with higher hemoglobin variability are at higher risk for all-cause mortality and particularly infectious events.

Neonatal Iron Stores Depend on Gestational Age: A Prospective Comparative Cross-sectional Study at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria

Aims: To establish mean values for serum ferritin at different gestational ages. To determine the relationship between serum ferritin and gestational age.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a prospective, comparative, cross sectional study carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State, Nigeria between June and December 2014. The study included 140 newborns with gestational ages of 25 weeks to 39 weeks, delivered at the UNTH. Babies with C-reactive protein levels &gt; 10mg/dl, who were intra-uterine growth restricted, and whose mothers had conditions associated with low iron stores were excluded from the study. Anthropometric measurements were recorded for all subjects. Serum ferritin was measured at birth and this was correlated with gestational age.&#x0D; Results: Serum ferritin levels ranged from 20.6 to 296.4µg/l. The mean serum ferritin level was 93.14µg/l ± 57.69. There was a significant difference among the mean serum ferritin levels amongst different categories of gestational age (F = 11.159, P &lt;.001). Low serum ferritin was found in 85.7%, 48.1% and 16.7% of extreme preterms, very preterms and moderate to late preterms respectively 2 = 49.777, P &lt; .05). Extreme preterms were sixty-four times more likely than term babies to have low serum ferritin (P &lt;.01, OR = 64.00, 95% C.I for OR = 6.570 – 623.455), while very preterms were ten times more likely than term babies to have low serum ferritin levels (P &lt; .001, OR = 9.905 95% C.I = 3.209 -30.570). In addition, moderate to late preterms were two times more likely than term babies to have low serum ferritin levels (P = 0.220, OR = 2.133, 95% C.I for OR = 0.635 – 7.167). There was a significant strong positive correlation between serum ferritin levels and gestational age in the study population (r = 0.656, P &lt; .001).&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a wide range of serum ferritin amongst newborn babies. There is also a significant strong positive correlation between serum ferritin levels and gestational age.

ANEMIA IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE, WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS?

Objective: During chronic renal failure, the progressive impairment of kidney functions results in a set of manifestations, initially biological, then clinical. Anemia and high blood pressure are common complications during chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study is to determinate the main characteristics of anemia in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease Design and method: This descriptive work is a retrospective cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the iron status of 70 hypertensive chronic renal failure patients. The average age in this study was 65 years with a male predominance (51%). In our study, 70 patients with chronic renal failure of all stages participated, hypertensive and anemic. The count of the blood elements and the hemoglobin assay were done by optical measurement using the ADVIA® 2120i automaton. The assay of vit B12, folate and ferritin in the blood by enzymatic chemiluminescence. Results: In our study, the mean hemoglobin was 10.18 g/dl, In our series of hemodialysis patients, mean serum ferritin was 276±207.14 ng/ml. In our population, blood pressure averages are of the order of: 130.29 ± 22.33 mm Hg for PAS, and 69.86 ±10.16 mm Hg for DBP. Regarding patients with chronic renal failure not on dialysis 43.5% of patients had serum ferritin low. 50% had normal ferritinemia, and 6.45% of patients had elevated serum ferritin. Ford's study found 2.92% of patients with low serum ferritin, 25.05% had a normal level, and 72.02% had hyperferritinemia. At 26% of patients in our population, the blood pressure figures were &gt; 140/90 mmHg, while 74% of patients reached the target . Conclusions: Chronic renal failure exposes to numerous hematological and cardiovascular type complications, which can themselves induce health problems, in addition Correction of anemia is not always beneficial for patients suffering from CKD in due to increased blood pressure. Perform periodic biological and hormonal analyzes. Recommend lifestyle and dietary measures in all hypertensive patients, chronic renal failure. Carry out awareness campaigns with the general public for a better understanding of chronic kidney disease

Analysis of Serum Ferritin Levels in a Group of Elite Ballet Dancers.

Iron plays a significant role in energy production. However, it is not uncommon for athletes to be diagnosed with iron deficiency (ID), suggesting a correlation between performance and iron regulation. As a result, the International Olympic Committee has recommended iron screenings during health evaluations for elite athletes. Furthermore, athletes participating in esthetic sports are at increased risk for suboptimal iron intake due to disordered eating. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of serum ferritin (SF) in a cohort of elite ballet dancers and determine associations between vitamin D, anthropometric measures, stress injury, and dietary preferences. Electronic health records of 40 elite ballet dancers (22 female, 18 male), age 19 to 38 years old, from the 2020 to 2021 pre-participation physical screening were examined. Chi squared comparisons were calculated to evaluate the association between SF and additional variables (ie, gender, age, height, weight, body mass index, vitamin D, stress injury history, and dietary preferences). SF values were compared to published normal and athletic population data. 58.97% of participants displayed normal or above SF values (>50 ng/ml), while 41.02% displayed minimal (<50 ng/ml) to depleted (<0.12/ng/ml) SF values. Approximately, 68% of the female dancers were ID and did not meet the minimal value needed for athletes. Females were more likely to have lower SF distributions (x2 [4] = 15.6377, P = .004) compared to male dancers. Additionally, dancers who reported dietary preferences (ie, vegetarian) were more likely to display lower SF distributions (x2[4] = 13.3366, P = .010). Over half of the female elite ballet dancers were ID which is consistent with current research. Females were at a significant higher risk compared to male dancers who reported dietary preferences. These findings suggest iron screenings should be considered in elite dancer populations.

Serum Ferritin – The Role of Birthweight: A Comparative Study

Aims: To determine the serum ferritin levels amongst low birth weight neonates and to correlate it with different categories of low birth weight. To determine the role of birth weight in predicting changes in serum ferritin levels.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a prospective comparative cross sectional study which was carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria between June and December 2014. The study included 140 newborns of all birth weights delivered at the UNTH. These were categorized into extremely low birth weight (ELBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), low birth weight (LBW) normal birth weight and macrosomic. Babies with C-reactive protein levels &gt; 10mg/dl, who were intra-uterine growth restricted, and whose mothers had conditions associated with low iron stores were excluded from the study. Anthropometric measurements were done for all subjects. Serum ferritin was measured at birth and this was correlated with birth weight and gestational age.&#x0D; Results: Serum ferritin levels ranged from 20.6 to 296.4µg/l. Ferritin levels showed a steady increase in relation to birth weight. (F = 42.453, P &lt; .001). There was a significant association between ferritin levels and categories of birth weight. ELBW babies were 98 times more likely to have low ferritin levels than babies with normal weight (P &lt; .001, OR = 97.600, 95% C.I = 10.083 – 944.711). VLBW and LBW babies were more likely to have low ferritin levels than babies with normal weight (P &lt; .001, OR = 0.070, 95% C.I = 0.017 – 0.291)(P = .006, OR = 0.201, 95% C.I = 0.064 – 0.635). Only birthweight was a significant positive predictor of low ferritin levels (P = .024).&#x0D; Conclusion: Serum ferritin in new-borns showed a significant association with birth weight. Birth weight is a positive predictor of low serum ferritin levels.

Ferritin Metabolism Reflects Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment and Predicts Patient Outcome.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy with a multistep evolutionary pattern, in which the pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment and genomic instability drive tumor evolution. MM microenvironment is rich in iron, released by pro-inflammatory cells from ferritin macromolecules, which contributes to ROS production and cellular damage. In this study, we showed that ferritin increases from indolent to active gammopathies and that patients with low serum ferritin had longer first line PFS (42.6 vs. 20.7 months and, p = 0.047, respectively) and OS (NR vs. 75.1 months and p = 0.029, respectively). Moreover, ferritin levels correlated with systemic inflammation markers and with the presence of a specific bone marrow cell microenvironment (including increased MM cell infiltration). Finally, we verified by bioinformatic approaches in large transcriptomic and single cell datasets that a gene expression signature associated with ferritin biosynthesis correlated with worse outcome, MM cell proliferation, and specific immune cell profiles. Overall, we provide evidence of the role of ferritin as a predictive/prognostic factor in MM, setting the stage for future translational studies investigating ferritin and iron chelation as new targets for improving MM patient outcome.

Serum Ferritin as an Indicator of Neonatal Anaemia

Introduction: Haemoglobin levels are usually used to diagnose neonatal anaemia. By the time haemoglobin levels drop, body iron is depleted. Serum ferritin is the standard measure for assessment of iron levels in neonates and detects iron deficiency earlier than haemoglobin levels.&#x0D; Aims: To determine the prevalence of low haemoglobin and ferritin levels amongst term and preterm newborn babies. To determine the value of serum ferritin in the diagnosis of low iron stores amongst term and preterm newborns.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria between June and December 2014. The study included 140 newborns of all birth weights delivered at the UNTH. These were categorized into preterm (gestational age &lt;37 completed weeks) and term (gestational age ≥37 completed weeks. Babies with C-reactive protein levels &gt; 10mg/dl, who were intra-uterine growth restricted, and whose mothers had conditions associated with low iron stores were excluded from the study. Anthropometric measurements were done for all subjects. Haemoglobin estimation and ferritin assay were carried out and the prevalence of neonatal anaemia was determined using each of these.&#x0D; Results: The range of haemoglobin concentration in the study population was 12.22g/gl – 22.80g/dl. The mean serum haemoglobin concentrations were 15.69mg/dl ± 1.58 and 16.45 ± 1.92 in the preterm and term babies respectively (t = 2.557, P = .0116). The prevalence of low haemoglobin concentrations amongst both preterm and term babies was zero= .024). The range of serum ferritin level in the study population was 20.6µg/l - 296µg/l. The mean serum ferritin levels were 63.13µg/l ± 23.93 and 133.67µg/l ± 50.14 in the preterm and term babies respectively (t = 10.623, P &lt; .001). The prevalence of low serum ferritin in the study population was 22.14%, but was higher in preterm than term babies 35.7% vs 8.6%: (OR – 5.926, 95% C.I OR = 2.248 – 15.619)(P&lt;.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Serum ferritin assay is more useful than haemoglobin as an indicator of anaemia during the neonatal period.

A study of association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures

Background: Seizure disorder is a common neurologic condition that affects 10% of kids. Febrile seizures are common in children between the ages of three months and five, with risk factors including genetics, age, gender, fever, type and duration of seizures, family and developmental history, multiple seizures, perinatal exposure to anti-retroviral medications, and pre-existing neurologic abnormalities. Risk factors include fever-induced substances, endogenous pyrogens, the cytokine network, iron deficiency, mutations associated with the Dravet syndrome, family history, high temperature, neonatal discharge, creche attendance, maternal alcohol consumption, smoking during pregnancy, and short time interval between onset of fever and first seizure. Methods: The hospital's ethical committee granted permission to proceed, and children hospitalised for other reasons were included in the control group. Blood indices and serum ferritin were compared between case and control groups, and statistical tools were used to evaluate differences. Serum ferritin levels should be between 30 and 300 ng/ml in men and 15 to 0 ng/ml in women, and a low serum ferritin level denotes an iron insufficiency. Results: The majority of febrile seizures were simple, with 6 (20%) having a family history. The case and control groups showed a correlation in temperature, haemoglobin levels, corpuscular volume, hemoglobin, and serum ferritin levels. Six (20%) had low serum ferritin levels of less than 30 micrograms per liter, compared to 0.03% of controls. Conclusions: Iron deficiency is a significant risk factor for febrile seizures, with serum ferritin and red blood cell indices showing lower levels than controls.

Pharmacological Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder that causes insomnia and daytime functional disability due to an urge to move the legs usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Non-pharmacologic treatment includes regular sleep habits and exercise. Iron supplementation is indicated for patients with low serum ferritin levels. Antidepressants, antihistaminergics, and dopamine antagonists should be reduced or discontinued because they induce RLS symptoms. Dopamine agonists and alpha 2-delta ligands are the first-line pharmacological treatments for RLS.

Serum ferritin status and mitochondrial function in children

objective: Iron is the most abundant metal within the mitochondrial matrix . Ferritin reflects bodyironstores. This study aimed to assess the association between serum ferritin levels and mitochondrial function in children. Methods: Two hundred and forty-three children from four governmental primary schools in Mosul city in Iraq were randomly selected by a multistage random sampling method. Their age range was 6-12 years. Mitochondrial function tests involved measurement of serum lactate, serum pyruvate, and L-Carnitine were analyzed in all selected children along with serum ferritin. Results: Lower levels of serum ferritin weresignificantly associated with higher levels of serum lactate, serum lactate/serum pyruvate ratio. There was a significant negative correlation (p = 0.000, - 0.296,- 0.286) between mean serum ferritin level and mean serum lactate, serum lactate / serum pyruvate ratio respectively.There were significant differences (p= 0.000) in mean serum level of mitochondrial function tests (Lactate, L- Carnation, and L/P ratio) in comparing children possessing a normal level of serum ferritin versus those with a low serum ferritin level of &lt; 12 ng/ml. ROC analysis showed that when the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.761 ± SE 0.37, a cut off value 4.79 ng/ml of serum ferritin was significantly (p=0 .000) associated with sensitivity of 100 % and 1- specificity of 0.861 value with presence of L: P molar ratio of ≤ equal 20. Conclusion:Serum ferritin &lt; 12 ng/ ml represntsmitochondrial deficient level. Serum ferritin &lt; 4.79 ng/ml was the critical value at which only 8.6% of children will have a healthy mitochondrial function. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 02 April’23 Page : 374-378

Effect of inter-pregnancy interval on serum ferritin, haematocrit and pregnancy outcome in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Available information remains limited on inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) and its effect on maternal health and pregnancy outcome. To determine the effect of IPI on maternal serum ferritin, haematocrit and pregnancy outcome. A prospective cohort study of 316 women categorized into WHO recommended IPI of ≥24 months (group I) and IPI <24 months i.e. short IPI (SIPI) as group II after matching for gestational age and social status. Serum ferritin and haematocrit levels were assayed in first and second trimesters; primary outcome measures were maternal serum ferritin, haematocrit and pregnancy outcome gestational age at delivery, birth and placental weights, APGAR scores and neonatal intensive admission). Participants were followed up until six-week post-delivery. Data analysis was with SPSS version 21.0; p<0.05 was significant. Women in group I had higher mean serum ferritin (37.40±3.15 vs. 32.61±2.68; P<0.001), booking haematocrit (33.24±3.59 vs. 27.92±2.67; P<0.001) and mean birth weight (3100±310 vs. 2700±350; P<0.001). Antenatal hospital admission (P0.002), preterm delivery (P<0.001) and neonatal intensive care admission (P<0.001) were higher for group II. There was no maternal mortality; perinatal mortality was zero (group I) and 95/1000 livebirth (group II). Low serum ferritin, haematocrit and adverse neonatal outcomes were associated with SIPI.

Association of Coffee or Green Tea with Ferritin or Hemoglobin in Premenopausal Women.

This study aimed to examine the association between coffee or green tea consumption and ferritin or hemoglobin levels in premenopausal women. We used the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012), and a total of 4,322 individuals were surveyed. In women of reproductive age, average ferritin and hemoglobin levels were calculated according to coffee or green tea consumption. Covariates included in the analysis were demographic variables, such as age, body mass index, education, drinking, smoking, history of hypertension, history of diabetes diagnosis, physical activity, total energy intake, and daily iron intake. In 4,322 participants, the average hemoglobin level was 12.90±0.02 g/dL, and the average level of ferritin was 31.95±0.67 ng/mL. As a result of testing, correlation between ferritin and coffee intake and difference in ferritin levels according to coffee consumption was significant (P<0.05). In this study, a post hoc test indicated that ferritin level significantly differed between one and two cups, two and three cups, and three and one cup groups (overall P<0.001). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between ferritin level and coffee intake; ferritin level decreased by 2.09 ng/mL with a one-cup increase in daily coffee consumption. In premenopausal women, coffee intake is associated with low serum ferritin levels. Our results indicate that drinking >2 cups of coffee significantly affect ferritin levels in Korean premenopausal women.

Analyzing the Relationship Between Anemia and Diabetic (Foot Ulcer) at Department of Medicine KTH Peshawar a Cross-Sectional Study

Diabetes complications like diabetic (foot ulcer) (DFU) are frequent and may be incapacitating. Patients with diabetes who have anemia have a higher chance of developing DFU. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between anemia and DFU in the patients. Methods: This study was carried out at the department of Medical Unit Khyber Teaching Hospital from 1st March 2022 to 31st March 2023 in Pakistan. Sample size 50 All patients with diabetes and DFU were included. The following demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with and without anemia ( age, sex, body mass index) (BMI), type of diabetes, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum ferritin levels. Results: The study comprised 90 participants with both diabetes and DFU. 39 (43.3%) of these individuals had anemia. There was no significant difference in the [mean age] (p=0.664), [sex] (p=0.392),[ BMI] (p=0.532), type of diabetes (p=0.505), duration of diabetes (p=0.084), and HbA1c (p=0.194) between the [anemic and non-anemic] patients. However, the (mean serum ferritin levels) were significantly lower in anemic patients compared with non-anemic patients [p&lt;0.001]. Conclusion: Lower serum ferritin levels are linked to anemia, a prevalent complication in DFU patients. To assess the involvement of anemia in the onset and course of DFU, further research is required. Keywords: Anemia, Diabetic, Foot Ulcer, Department of Medicine, KTH Peshawar, Cross-Sectional Study.

Anemia and Poor Iron Indices Are Associated With Susceptibility to Febrile Seizures in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure in children under the age of 5, and a number of risk factors for this condition have been identified. Several studies have examined the connection between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures in children, with inconsistent results. As a result, the authors sought to determine the precise link between iron deficiency anemia and its indices (mean corpuscular volume, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and ferritin) in conjunction to febrile seizures. Methods: A systematic literature search from several databases (PubMed, Europe PMC, ScienceDirect) was conducted from database inception until November 30, 2022. Studies were eligible if they investigated the relationship of the iron deficiency anemia and the aforementioned indices with the likelihood of febrile seizures. Results: This meta-analysis comprised 20 case-control studies with a total of 3856 participants. Our study revealed that iron deficiency anemia, low mean corpuscular volume, low serum iron, high total iron-binding capacity, and low ferritin were associated with the incremental risk of developing febrile seizures, with the odds ratios ranging from 1.24 to 1.59. Moreover, diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis indicated that low serum ferritin level had the highest overall area under the curve value amid other iron deficiency anemia indices regarding our outcomes of interest. Conclusion: This study suggest that iron deficiency anemia and poor iron indices are associated with increased risk of febrile seizures in children.

RISK OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS

Background: The high prevalence of GDM in Indian women necessitates early detection. GDM problems can be avoided if screening and diagnosis are done early. Serum ferritin is utilized as an inammatory marker, and its levels are tested in early pregnancy to predict the likelihood of developing GDM, making it a tool for early detection of GDM. Aims And Objectives: To know the association between serum ferritin levels in rst trimester and risk of GDM. To measure Serum Ferritin levels in First trimester and to know the association between elevated serum ferritin levels and risk of GDM by measuring the Glucose levels. Methods: 100 women attending the antenatal clinic in 11-14 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. Data was collected from the study participants after explaining about the study to them and getting their informed consent. Venous blood samples were obtained from the patient between11 to 14 weeks' gestation to measure serum ferritin level . Serum Ferritin levels measured are grouped in quantiles. Results: In this study, of 100 pregnant women, 28 had serum ferritin values &lt;30ng/dl, 42 had 31-60 ng/ml., 15 had 61 -90 ng/ml and 15 women had serum ferritin above 90 ng/ml. This also implies that majority of the population studied randomly had low serum ferritin levels. 6 out of 15women with high BMI had increased serum ferritin levels. This shows a clear correlation between obesity and insulin resistance and serum ferritin levels on higher range,with risk of developing GDM. Conclusion: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance association with serum ferritin levels had been highlightened by this observation. Possible mechanisms involving elevated serum ferritin levels and risk of GDM was excess iron stores hypothesis and inammation hypothesis

Evaluation of Serum Iron Parameters among Men Performing Regular Physical Activity-A Preliminary Study.

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common issues in clinical practice. It can be caused by intense physical activity, among other things. The aim of the study was to assess serum iron parameters in a group of men who engage in regular physical activity. The study group was composed of 20 men who regularly perform strength or endurance sports, whereas the control group consisted of 20 men without any sports activity. The red blood cell (RBC) parameters, platelet count (PLT), and white blood cell (WBC) count in venous blood samples were assessed with an automated hematology analyzer. The serum concentration of ferritin was determined through an immunology assay. There were no statistically significant differences between groups comparing RBC parameters and WBC. However, statistical analysis showed dissimilarity in PLT count and serum ferritin concentration comparing control and study groups (p < 0.05). It was shown that lower serum ferritin concentration concerns men with regular physical activity, whereas other blood parameters were not affected in this group.

Longitudinal study of ICET-A on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretion in eleven β-thalassemia major patients with mild iron overload.

Iron chelation therapy (ICT) is the gold standard for treating patients with iron overload, though its long-term effects are still under evaluation. According to current recommendations regarding transfusion-dependent (TD) β-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients, their serum ferritin (SF) levels should be maintained below 1,000 ng/mL and ICT should be discontinued when the levels are <500 ng/mL in two successive tests. Alternatively, the dose of chelator could be considerably reduced to maintain a balance between iron input and output of frequent transfusions. Due to the paucity of information on long-term effects of ICT in β-TM with low SF levels on glucose homeostasis, the International Network of Clinicians for Endocrinopathies in Thalassemia and Adolescence Medicine (ICET-A) promoted a retrospective and an ongoing prospective observational study with the primary aim to address the long-term effects of ICT on glucose tolerance and metabolism (β-cell function and peripheral insulin sensitivity) in adult β-TM patients with persistent SF level below 800 ng/mL. 11 β-TM patients (mean age: 35.5 ± 5.5 years; SF range: 345-777 ng/mL) with normal glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) for a median of 5.3(1.1-8.3) years. Abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) was observed in 7 patients (63.6%) at first observation and ) persisted in 6 patients (54.5%) at last observation. None of them developed diabetes mellitus. AGT was reversed in two patients. One patient with NGT developed early glucose intolerance (1-h PG ≥155 and 2-h PG <140 mg/dL). Three out of 5 patients with isolated impaired glucose tolerance presented a variation of ATG. Stabilization of low indices for β-cell function and insulin sensitivity/resistance was observed. One patient developed hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Three out of 6 patients with SF below 500 ng/dL had hypercalciuria. Despite low SF level, the burden of endocrine complications remains a challenge in β-TM patients. The ability to keep iron at near "normal" level with acceptable risks of toxicity remains to be established.