Introduction: Recurrent strokes make up 25% of the annual stroke incidence with 10% of the Veteran population suffering a recurrent stroke within 1 year. The role of adherence to a post-stroke medication regimen and its effect on stroke recurrence is unknown. Methods: Veterans evaluated in a vascular neurology specialty clinic from July 2010 to June 2016 underwent a detailed medical chart review and assessment of medication adherence to stroke prevention medications including anti-thrombotic use, anti-coagulants, anti-hypertensives, lipid-lowering therapy, and anti-hyperglycemic therapy. Medication adherence was measured by 90d refill history with >75% medication possession ratio (MPR) indicating adherence. A Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) Score was calculated for each patient. Relative risk calculations were generated using a bivariate analysis and means compared via t-test. Results: 162 of 245 patients who were newly referred to the clinic underwent a detailed chart review and medication adherence profile. In this cohort, 93.8% were male and ranged in age between 35-94 years old (mean 69.2±10.2). The mean age of first stroke was 62.9±10.5 and the frequency of recurrent stroke was 26.5% (43 patients). The median time to recurrent stroke was 2.59 years. The average FSRP score for all subjects was 0.087±0.09 and did not differ between those with or without a recurrent stroke (0.103 vs. 0.082, p= 0.18). The rate of medication adherence in all subjects was 69.8% and differed greatly between those without and with a recurrent stroke, 79.0% vs. 44.2%, respectively. Median time to recurrent stroke was 2.59 years in those with MPR >75% and 1.91 years in those with MPR <75%. Strict adherence with a stroke prevention medication regimen was associated with a lower risk of recurrent stroke (relative risk = 0.34, 95% CI 0.21-0.57, p -value <0.0001) while poor adherence, was associated with a 2.91-fold increased risk ( p -value <0.0001) of recurrent stroke in the Veteran population. Conclusion: In this high-risk Veteran population, strict adherence with a stroke prevention medication regimen is associated with a lower risk of recurrent stroke. Efforts to measure and encourage medication adherence in patients with prior stroke may reduce the risk of recurrence.