Low Resource Cost Research Articles

Facile synthesis of WS2/Ni3S2 encapsulated in N-doped carbon hybrid electrode with high rate performance as anode for sodium-ion batteries

• We synthesize layer structured WS 2 /Ni 3 S 2 @NC via a facile solvothermal route. • The as-obtained WS 2 /Ni 3 S 2 @NC composites are composed of hierarchical architecture. • WS 2 /Ni 3 S 2 @NC exhibited a specific capacity of 329.6 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 for SIBs. The sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage owing to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources. However, the absence of suitable anode materials with desired rate capability and cycle stability is one of the bottlenecks for their commercialization. In this work, WS 2 /Ni 3 S 2 @ N -doped carbon composite (WS 2 /Ni 3 S 2 @NC) was prepared by using a simple solvothermal approach with subsequent annealing approach. The material was used as anode material for SIBs. The batteries showed excellent performance due to the special bimetallic sulfide heterostructure, which could provide reaction active sites, promote fast Na ions diffusion, and increase electrode/electrolyte contact. In addition, the in-situ synthesized N -doped carbon layer could effectively improve the electronic conductivity as well as maintain structural stability. As anode of SIBs, the WS 2 /Ni 3 S 2 @NC exhibits both excellent rate performance (329.6 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 , and 129.6 mAh g −1 at 5.0 A g −1 ) and outstanding cycling stability (219.7 mAh g −1 after 80 cycles at 0.1 A g −1 ) due to the pseudocapacitive behavior.

New phases of MBenes M2B (M = Sc, Ti, and V) as high-capacity electrode materials for rechargeable magnesium ion batteries

Rechargeable magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) have attracted great interests as a prospective candidate for next generation large-scale energy storage systems owing to the low cost and high abundance of Mg resources. However, MIBs have been restricted by the lack of suitable electrode materials for a long term. Therefore, three new phases of two-dimensional transition metal borides (MBenes) including Sc2B, Ti2B and V2B are explored as electrode candidates for MIBs. All the three M2B (M = Sc, Ti, and V) with ground states of ferromagnetic configurations are proved dynamically and thermally stable by using phonon dispersions and molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that all M2B phases have ultra-high specific capacity of 3192.813 mA h/g, 3018.414 mA h/g and 2853.953 mA h/g for Mg on Sc2B, Ti2B and V2B, respectively. In addition, the M2B monolayer only undergoes a small change in lattice constant with adsorption of single layer or multilayer ions. This work not only reports three new phases of M2B with layered structure but also further provides useful information of MBenes as promising electrode candidates for high-performance metal ion batteries.

Copper fluoride as a low-cost sodium-ion battery cathode with high capacity

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage considering the abundance and low cost of Na-containing resources. However, the energy density of SIBs has been limited by the typically low specific capacities of traditional intercalation-based cathodes. Metal fluorides, in contrast, can deliver much higher capacities based on multi-electron conversion reactions. Among metal fluorides, CuF2 presents a theoretical specific capacity as high as 528 mAh/g while its Na-ion storage mechanism has been rarely reported. Here, we report CuF2 as a SIB cathode, which delivers a high capacity of 502 mAh/g but suffers from poor electrochemical reversibility. As a solution, we adjust the cell configuration by inserting a carbon-coated separator, which hinders the transportation of dissolved Cu ions and improves the reversibility of the CuF2 cathode. By using in-situ XRD measurements and theoretical calculation, we propose that a one-step conversion reaction occurs during the discharge process, and a reconversion reaction competes with the oxidization of Cu to dissolved Cu ion during the charge process.

Mo2C quantum dots inlaid in nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers as free-standing anodes with long-term stability K-ion storage

Potassium ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted worldwide attention on account of low cost and abundance of resources, and potentially high energy density. However, the development of KIBs is blocked by the sluggish reaction kinetics and the instability electrode materials caused by repetitive intercalation/deintercalation of large ions size of K+. Herein, the novel flexible and free-standing Mo2C/NCNFs anode for KIBs, in which the Mo2C quantum dots are inlaid in N-doped carbon nanofibers, is synthesized via a simple electrospinning route. The rationally designed structure with Mo2C quantum dots uniformly embedded in NCNFs can not only facilitate to accelerate the K+ reaction kinetics but also potentially alleviated the expansion and pulverization of Mo2C during the long-term cycling process. Furthermore, the N doping carbon nanofibers can provide a highway for K+ ions and electrons transport, while the whole electrode also offers a free-standing electrode without the addition of conductive agents and adhesives, facilitating to promote energy density of batteries. As a result, the Mo2C/NCNFs as anode for KIBs demonstrate impressive long-term stability with the capacity fading ratio of only 0.026% per cycle until 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. More importantly, Mo2C/NCNFs as anode for hybrid potassium-ion capacitors (KICs) deliver a high energy/power density of 88.2 W h kg−1/629.9 W kg−1, as well as excellent capacity retention of about 80.4% after 1000 cycles. The versatile strategy, excellent cycling stability and ultra-robust flexibility make the Mo2C/NCNFs a great prospect for application in the field of alkali metal ion batteries, electrocatalyst and flexible wearable devices.

An acetamide additive stabilizing ultra-low concentration electrolyte for long-cycling and high-rate sodium metal battery

Due to the abundant reserves and low cost of sodium resources, sodium metal batteries (SMBs) can be used as a promising energy storage technology with high energy density. Recently, ultralow-concentration electrolytes (ULCEs) with 0.3 mol/L (M) NaPF6 are greatly attractive because of their low cost and high permeability. However, the cycle life and rate performance of SMBs in ULCEs are limited by the high reactivity of sodium metal anodes. Here, an acetamide additive, N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), is introduced into an ULCE (0.3 M NaPF6 in EC/PC, 1:1 vol %) for stabilizing the electrolyte and fabricating a highly conductive interface in SMBs. Theoretical and experimental results prove that BSTFA can scavenge HF and H2O in the NaPF6-based electrolyte spontaneously and inhibit the hydrolysis reaction of NaPF6. Owing to protective interface layers on sodium metal anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode, the Na||NVP battery in 2% BSTFA-containing ULCE shows a high-capacity retention rate of 92.63% after 1955 cycles at 2 C and a superior rate capability of exceeding 105 mAh g−1 at 40 C.

Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Few-Layer Iodine Nanosheets for High-Rate Lithium-Iodine Batteries.

Rechargeable lithium-iodine (Li-iodine) batteries attract significant attention owning to their high energy density, wide abundance and low cost of iodine resources. However, iodine suffers from low electrical conductivity and high solubility in aprotic electrolyte, leading to fast capacity degradation, low columbic efficiency, as well as poor rate capability. Herein, we propose a simple method for the large-scale production of two-dimensional (2D) few-layer iodine nanosheets (FLINs) via liquid-phase exfoliation of iodine in deionized water. 2D FLINs could effectively improve rate capability by providing sufficient active sites and shortening the Li ion diffusion path. Meanwhile, graphene oxide (GO)@carbon nanotubes (CNT) hosts are designed to suppress the dissolution of iodine and enhance the electrical conductivity. GO@CNT@FLINs film exhibits excellent rate capability (220 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and 96 mAh g-1 at 8 A g-1 ) and outstanding cycle stability (93.2 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 after 1000 cycles) for lithium storage due to the synergistic effects of GO@CNT hosts and 2D structure of FLINs. The controllable synthesis of FLINs provides a bright prospect for achieving high rate capability of Li-iodine batteries and is of utmost importance to potential large-scale applications.

Nonflammable Ionic Liquid-Based Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for Highly Safe Sodium-Ion Batteries

Because of the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing demand for sustainable energy, lthium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been considered one of the promising power sources for electric vehicles and other energy storage systems. However, increasing market demand for LIBs and limited lithium resources have caused a significant rise in cost of lithium sources. Thus, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered a promising alternative to LIBs due to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources. However, like LIBs, conventional liquid electrolytes containing organic solvents are highly volatile and flammable, which causes safety problems such as fires and explosions. In this respect, ionic liquids (ILs) can be promising solvents for SIB electrolytes because of their attractive properties such as non-flammability, low volatility and exceptional electrochemical stability. Quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSEs) have also received considerable attention to overcome the safety issues by avoiding leakage of organic solvents. Furthermore, they possess high ionic conductivity and superior flexibility. In this study, we report an IL-based QSEs with high ionic conductivity (1.5 mS cm-1) and non-flammability. The QSEs were prepared by in-situ thermal curing of boron-centered cross-linkers (BCs) in the IL-based electrolyte. Because the BC has anion-trapping boron moieties, it can promote the ionic mobility of Na+ in the QSE. As a result, the sodium cell employing the QSE exhibited stable cycling performance and enhanced safety.

Optimization of E-Commerce Supply Chain Management Process Based on Internet of Things Technology

The widespread use of Internet technology has changed people’s traditional life mode and created a new market transaction mode, namely, e-commerce platform. The Internet of Things can carry out real-time monitoring and management of any product in e-commerce and not only can realize information sharing in commercial activities but also can play a greater role in the protection of personal and enterprise information security. In this context, the efficiency and low cost of information flow, cash flow, logistics, and human resources among enterprises are particularly important. The Internet of Things technology is a means to effectively improve and optimize the operation mode of the supply chain. This paper analyzes the status of traditional supply chain management, which discusses the development of a supply chain management based on the Internet of Things technology. Finally, this paper analyzes how to realize the optimization strategy of e-commerce supply chain management based on the Internet of Things technology, which provides strong support for the informatization of e-commerce supply chain management. Through the application of the Internet of Things technology, small- and medium-sized enterprises can optimize the workflow and circulation links of the e-commerce supply chain management, enhance the matching level of product value and information transmission, improve the supply chain operation mechanism, and increase economic benefits.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Risk management system for sudden public water pollution accidents based on data information mining

The traditional method ignores the division of risk level, leading to the increase of treatment cost and the decrease of water resource utilization rate. Therefore, this paper designs a risk management method for sudden public water pollution accident based on data information mining. The risk management system architecture was designed, which was composed of operation module, map operation module, data maintenance module, risk assessment module of sudden public water pollution accident, and emergency response module. According to the system, the evaluation results of main pollution factors and water quality grade of each river reach were determined. Bayesian theory and data mining technology were combined to establish a water pollution accident risk assessment model based on fuzzy Bayesian network. Specific control measures are obtained via the risk assessment results of sudden public water pollution accidents. The results show that the system designed in this paper has low treatment cost and high utilization rate of water resources.

Теоретичне обґрунтування контролю у навчанні студентів закладів вищої освіти плавання в межах фізичного виховання

The concept and content of control are important components of the theory and methodic of physical culture and sports. The consistency in processes and objective corrections of certain actions (processes) are provided by using of control. Actualization of scientific issues of control in the context of reforming the structure and content of higher education is gaining new importance. This is due to the higher dynamism and student-centered character of modern education. An urgent scientific and applied problem of modern physical education in higher education institutions is the substantiation of a systematic approach to training students swimming that will take into account existing experience and modern requirements. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the control subsystem in the training students swimming in higher education institutions during physical education. Material and methods: theoretical analysis and generalization, study of documentary materials, sociological methods of survey (questionnaire), system analysis, historical and logical research methods. Results and discussion. The control subsystem for the most aspects is management by a higher order system due to the close relationship with the control source, placement trends and the objectivity benefits. This subsystem is the basis for the differentiation of parts and at the same time for integration with the establishment of the organic unity of the whole system components. The key requirement for conducting control in the physical education condition in higher education institution is compliance with the specifics of the sport means as a variable component of the education content. Specific features of swimming have an important value for choosing complex of indicators. In the theoretical substantiation of control, there was observed requirements that are specified in the scientific and methodical literature. Among them are: availability of interval scale, reliability, validity, discriminativeness, availability of normative data, adaptability of the test, ease of execution and simplicity, limitation of test tasks, operationalization and verification of these tests / control exercises). It also takes into account a number of additional requirements for simplicity and low resource costs, regardless of the level of tests complexity, clarity and accessibility for teacher and student, conciseness and accuracy of execution instructions, the absence of external stimuli. Conclusion. Control is a fundamental element of conscious systemic human activity. The result of solving the generalized purpose of the system should be understood, accepted and acceptable to all participants of this process. Substantiation of the control subsystem of the training swimming system involves the formulation of a new category of individually-oriented content of control of students of higher education institutions and its variants. These variants must be built taking into account objective factors (the presence of different groups of students on the level of swimming preparedness, individual-motivational orientation of activity and trajectory of goal setting in the system of training swimming during physical education)

NP-LFA: Non-profiled Leakage Fingerprint Attacks against Improved Rotating S-box Masking Scheme

Abstract DPA Contest is a world-famous side-channel competition aiming at analyzing and evaluating the implementing security of some latest countermeasures. Improved Rotating S-box Masking Scheme (RSM2.0) is one of the most popular countermeasures designed during DPA Contest V4.2, which arms with both Low Entropy Masking Schemes and shuffling strategy to ensure the software security of AES-128, particularly the non-profiled security. Up to now, conducting high efficient non-profiled attacking scheme with low resource costs is still a challenge. In this paper, we first propose general and non-profiled leakage fingerprint attacks (named NP-LFA) for secret cracking and make use of it to crack RSM2.0 random masks with almost 100% accuracy. Further, we analyze the hidden vulnerabilities embedded in RSM2.0 implementation, and utilize them to bypass the shuffling defense and perform the master key recovery. Official evaluation results show that NP-LFA is capable of compromising RSM2.0 within 14 traces, each of which only costs 60 ms processing time. Such result validates the high efficiency and light-weighted characteristics of our attacking scheme, which has ranked the first in the official website till now. In addition, we discuss and put forward some possible strategies to mitigate our NP-LFA threats.

Photonic split-second induced mesoporous TiO2-Graphene architectures for efficient sodium-ion batteries

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received significant attention as a promising alternative to traditional lithium-ion counterparts for large-scale energy storage applications owing to the low cost and abundance of sodium resources. Herein, we demonstrate the photonic irradiated mesoporous reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-TiO2 nanocomposite architectures using environmentally benign, ultrafast split-second (millisecond) intense pulsed light (IPL) process at room temperature. The photonic IPL irradiation spontaneously triggers the deoxygenation of graphene oxide (GO) and the simultaneous structural engineering of TiO2 nanocomposites. The precisely controlled IPL irradiation (energy density of 10 J cm−2) exhibits excellent conductivity, high surface area, and outstanding electrochemical performance as a green anode material for SIBs. The photonic IPL irradiated rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite delivers a high reversible capacity of 244 mAh g−1 at 0.1 Ag-1, a high rate performance of 112 mAh g−1 at 1 Ag-1, and high cycling stability compared to pristine GO-TiO2 and conventional furnace annealed rGO-TiO2 (FH-rGO-TiO2) nanocomposites. The detailed electrochemical analysis suggests that the improved capacitance contribution results from the fast kinetics of the IPL irradiated rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite anode. This work provides new insight into the fabrication of versatile, cost-effective techniques for developing advanced electrode materials for energy applications.

Fast and Reversible Na Intercalation in Nsutite‐Type VO2 Hierarchitectures

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), owing to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources, are the promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the field of large‐scale energy storage. Nevertheless, the development of appropriate anodes for SIBs is still a challenge. Vanadium oxides with diverse crystallographic structures and high theoretical capacities hold large opportunities to construct high‐performance SIBs. Among them, new‐state nsutite‐type VO2 (VO2(N)) produced by the random intergrowth of rutile VO2(R) (superior structural stability but sluggish kinetics) and paramontroseite VO2(P) (high electronic/ionic conductivity but weak structural stability) have ample opportunity to obtain desirable sodium storage performance with high capacity, long lifespan, and rapid reaction dynamics. Herein, the spindle‐like VO2(N) is developed through a simple hydrothermal approach. It demonstrates a Na+ (de)intercalation mechanism and exhibits a high capacity of 411 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 as well as outstanding high‐rate cyclic stability (103 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 over 6000 cycles). Furthermore, a high‐performance VO2(N)||Na3V2(PO4)2O2F full cell is developed, which shows that the VO2(N) anode has the potential for practical use.

Economic efficiency of onion growing in the central part of Russia

Currently, Russia is one of the top five countries in terms of onion cultivation areas. It should be noted that Russia is also the largest importer of onions. Onion production in agricultural organizations and farms is increasing. High consumer demand and relatively low resource costs allow classifying this area of management as the most profitable and easy types of agribusiness. The paper shows the need to increase the economic efficiency of onion production in the central part of the Russian Federation. The necessary volume for import substitution is calculated. It is economically justified to use the technology of sowing onion seeds 90+50 cm in comparison with the traditional technology. The highest yield was obtained when seeding with an experimental machine at a seeding rate of 20 million units/ha.

Technologies, challenges and perspectives of biogas production within an agricultural context. The case of China and Africa

The use of fossil fuels in modern economies has been a success because of the low cost of fossil resources. However, the depletion of fossil reserves, the increase in waste production and global warming concerns have led to increased research on the production of biofuels from renewable resources. Waste production is steadily increasing in quantity and constantly changing in quality, creating enormous risks for the environment and, consequently, for the health of the population. This situation is much more worrying in developing countries, in particular because of the considerable delay in the field of the conversion and recovery of biomaterials, due to their difficulty in approaching the problem in a way that fits their context. The composition of such wastes and residues, rich in organic matter, allows their conversion via biochemical mechanisms, thus constituting an effective solution to address the environmental problems of their disposal. Anaerobic digestion remains a valuable and effective technology for transforming these biomaterials into biogas. The present review focuses on technologies, challenges and areas of application of biogas, especially in China and some African countries, in order to promote the large-scale use of biogas for electricity generation and biofuels. Results point out that China is more used to this technology, while African countries still rely on traditional and less advanced technologies, thus hampering the potential derived from the large availability of biomaterials. Both realities, however, share similar backgrounds about the dimension of the biogas plants and their non-commercial purposes, even if China is recently shifting toward the adoption of a different model. These considerations are used in the article to open an interesting new scenario of political alternatives which may provide a way out from poverty and economic dependence, within the framework of a wider circularity.

Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate potassium‐ion batteries

AbstractThe limited lithium resource in earth's crust has stimulated the pursuit of alternative energy storage technologies to lithium‐ion battery. Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are regarded as a kind of promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage owing to the high abundance and low cost of potassium resources. Nevertheless, further development and wide application of KIBs are still challenged by several obstacles, one of which is their fast capacity deterioration at high rates. A considerable amount of effort has recently been devoted to address this problem by developing advanced carbonaceous anode materials with diverse structures and morphologies. This review presents and highlights how the architecture engineering of carbonaceous anode materials gives rise to high‐rate performances for KIBs, and also the beneficial conceptions are consciously extracted from the recent progress. Particularly, basic insights into the recent engineering strategies, structural innovation, and the related advances of carbonaceous anodes for high‐rate KIBs are under specific concerns. Based on the achievements attained so far, a perspective on the foregoing, and proposed possible directions, and avenues for designing high‐rate anodes, are presented finally.

Sulfur and nitrogen dual-doped carbon nanofiber with enlarged interlayer distance as a superior anode material for sodium-ion capacitors

Sodium-ion capacitors (SICs) have attracted widespread attention due to their combination of high-energy batteries and high-power supercapacitors as well as low cost of sodium resources. However, the anodes exhibit low specific capacities and sluggish kinetics, thus limiting fast development of high-performance SICs. In the present work, the sulfur and nitrogen dual-doped carbon nanofiber (S-NCNF) membrane was synthesized as a novel anode material of SICs. Introduction of S atoms can result in an enlarged interlayer distance of 0.38 nm in S-NCNF, which is beneficial to Na+ ion insertion and the electron transport. As a result, the obtained S-NCNF electrode shows high sodium-storage capacity (298 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and superior rate capability (188 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). The fabricated SIC delivers high energy density (97 Wh kg−1) and power density (17 kW kg−1) as well as long cycle life (3000 cycles).

High-capacity and cycling-stable polypyrrole-coated MWCNT@polyimide core-shell nanowire anode for aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion battery

Aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (ARSBs) have potential applications in large-scale electric energy storage systems because of the non-flammable and fast charge-discharge performance of the aqueous neutral electrolyte as well as low cost and abundance of sodium resources. Herein, we demonstrate polypyrrole-coated MWCNT@polyimide core-shell nanowire based on pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) as a high-capacity and cycling-stable anode material for ARSBs. The as-synthesized MWCNT@polyimide core-shell nanowire exhibits excellent initial discharge capacity as high as 234.9 mA h g −1 , which is 83.6% of the theoretical value, owing to the bicontinuous electron/ion transport pathway. During 100 cycles of charge-discharge, however, the considerable swelling of PMDA-ODA polyimide and structural degradation of core-shell structure result in significant deterioration in the performance from 234.9 to 74.6 mAh g −1 . In order to improve the cycling stability, conducting polypyrrole is coated on its surface. After 100 charge-discharge cycles, the polypyrrole-coated MWCNT@polyimide core-shell nanowire retains a specific capacity of 209.3 mA h g −1 , corresponding to 77.8% of the initial capacity, without any swelling and structural degradation. In impedance study, the changes in the surface and charge transfer resistances during charge-discharge cycles are significantly reduced. As a result, the polypyrrole layer successfully inhibits the structural degradation of the MWCNT@polyimide core-shell nanowire, and consequently improves the cycling performance. • MWCNT@polyimide nanowire is used as an anode for aqueous sodium-ion battery. • Commercially available PMDA-ODA polyimide is used as active material. • The specific capacity is 209.3 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 280 mA g −1 (1C). • Polypyrrole layer on polyimide inhibits the degradation of PMDA-ODA polyimide.

Hybrid nanostructures for electrochemical potassium storage.

The wide availability and low cost of potassium resources have made electrochemical potassium storage a promising energy storage solution for sustainable decarbonisation. Research activities have been rapidly increasing in the last few years to investigate various potassium batteries such as K-ion batteries (KIBs), K–S batteries and K–Se batteries. The electrode materials of these battery technologies are being extensively studied to examine their suitability and performance, and the utilisation of hybrid nanostructures has undoubtedly contributed to the advancement of the performance. This review presents a timely summary of utilising hybrid nanostructures as battery electrodes to address the issues currently existing in potassium batteries via taking advantage of the compositional and structural diversity of hybrid nanostructures. The complex challenges in KIBs and K–S and K–Se batteries are outlined and the role of hybrid nanostructures is discussed in detail regarding the characteristics of intercalation, conversion and alloying reactions that take place to electrochemically store K in hybrid nanostructures, highlighting their multifunctionality in addressing the challenges. Finally, outlooks are given to stimulate new ideas and insights into the future development of hybrid nanostructures for electrochemical potassium storage.

Copper phosphide as a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted great attention due to the abundance and low cost of potassium resources.