Lower Prevalence Of Depression Research Articles

Mental health of parents with infants in NICU receiving cooling therapy for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy

ABSTRACT Background Parents cuddling their babies during intensive care to promote parent-infant bonding is usual practice in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, babies undergoing cooling therapy and intensive care are not routinely offered parent-infant cuddles due to concerns of impacting the cooling process or intensive care. We developed the CoolCuddle intervention to enable parents to cuddle babies safely during cooling therapy. We investigated whether CoolCuddle impacted parent-infant bonding and parent’s mental health. Methods We conducted parental interviews and compared mental health and bonding measures in two cohorts of parents; one with access to CoolCuddle and the other where CoolCuddle was not available. Results Ten tertiary NICUs in England and Wales from 2019 to 2023 were involved and 107 families. There were high levels of post-delivery depression amongst all parents. However, at discharge mothers in the CoolCuddle group had significantly less depression, lower EPDS scores, and higher MIBS scores (consistent with better mother-infant bonding) than those where CoolCuddle was not available. All measures appeared similar when re-measured at 8 weeks. Parents reported they were not ready to access psychological support or information whilst on NICU and stressed the need of mental health support following discharge, which was not offered or available. Conclusion The CoolCuddle intervention was associated with a lower prevalence of depression and enhanced bonding scores for mothers at discharge compared to those who did not cuddle their babies. Parents highlighted increased levels of postnatal depression following the sudden and traumatic admission of their infant to NICU after birth asphyxia.

Understanding depression, anxiety and stress in young people living with HIV in Ghana

Ghanaians with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection now live into adulthood. It is known that adolescents and young adults living with HIV have a high risk of mental health comorbidity. Despite increasing global attention on HIV–mental health interactions, the field remains understudied in Ghana, with an attendant lack of national integrated care solutions. This study aimed to measure the burden and explore the context of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among young people living with HIV receiving care at a tertiary care hospital in Ghana. This was an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study. Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and their associations with quality of life (QoL), socioeconomic status, internalised stigma, disease stage and HIV-related risk-taking behaviours were explored. After preliminary quantitative data analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted for those who screened positive for depression and/or anxiety to explore their experience with this comorbidity. This study found a low prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms, which were associated with higher stigma scores and lower QoL. We believe this low prevalence to be attributable to the effect of several psychosocial interventional programmes, which were previously piloted with the study cohort that have gradually normalised mental health discussions. Participants also showed marked resilience and knowledge about their condition. The results of this study present an opportunity to advocate and scale up effective locally adapted and strength-based solutions to address the mental illness–HIV syndemic in Ghanaian young people living with HIV.

Association of the newly proposed dietary index for gut microbiota and depression: the mediation effect of phenotypic age and body mass index.

Gut microbiota and depression have garnered attention. The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed index that reflects the diversity of gut microbiota, yet its association with depression remains unstudied. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Dietary recall data were used to calculate the DI-GM (including components beneficial and unfavorable to gut microbiota). Multivariable weighted logistic and linear regression were employed to investigate the association of DI-GM with depression and total PHQ-9 score. The potential mediating role of phenotypic age and body mass index (BMI) was explored. Secondary analyses included subgroup analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and multiple imputation. A higher DI-GM and beneficial gut microbiota score were associated with a lower prevalence of depression (DI-GM: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89, 0.99; beneficial gut microbiota score: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.94) and lower total PHQ-9 score (DI-GM: β=-0.09, 95% CI=-0.14, -0.04; beneficial gut microbiota: β=-0.15, 95% CI=-0.21, -0.08). RCS indicated a non-linear relationship between DI-GM and depression. A significant mediating effect of phenotypic age (proportion of mediation: 19.81%, 95% CI: 12.86-63.00%) and BMI (proportion of mediation: 16.49%, 95% CI: 12.87-62.00%) was observed. The newly proposed DI-GM was negatively associated with the prevalence of depression and total PHQ-9 score. Mediation analyses demonstrated a significant mediating effect of phenotypic age and BMI.

Comparison of depression and suicide between dialysis and kidney transplant recipients in Korea: a nationwide population study.

Kidney transplantation (KT) improves physical and psychological prognoses for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, few comparative studies have examined depression and suicide rates among patients with ESKD treated with dialysis versus KT. Data on 21,809 patients with ESKD were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, extending from January 2002 to December 2018. These patients exhibited no history of depression or insomnia before starting renal replacement therapy. Outcomes were compared between dialysis and KT recipients using 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM). Of the patients, 17,649 received dialysis (hemodialysis, 15,537; peritoneal dialysis, 2,112), while 4,160 underwent KT. Of those on dialysis, 45.04% (7,949) experienced insomnia, compared to 25.72% (1,070) of KT recipients (P<0.001). Depression was more frequent among dialysis recipients (22.77%, 4,019) than KT recipients (8.61%, 358; P<0.001). Additionally, those on dialysis had a higher incidence of suicide (0.19%, 33) than recipients of KT (0.12%, 5; P=0.047). After PSM, the hazard ratio (HR) for depression in patients on dialysis compared to KT recipients was 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56-1.99). In subgroup analysis, the relative likelihood of depression among dialysis recipients was particularly high for residents of urban areas (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.80-2.44) and patients under 65 years old (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.62-2.09). KT recipients exhibit a lower suicide rate than patients on dialysis. Furthermore, KT is associated with a lower prevalence of depression among Korean patients with ESKD, particularly urban residents and individuals under 65 years old.

Examining the connection between weekend catch-up sleep and depression: Insights from 2017 to 2020 NHANES information

BackgroundDepression, a prevalent mental disorder, has shown an increasing trend in recent years, imposing a significant burden on health and society. Adequate sleep has been proven to reduce the incidence of depression. This study seeks to explore how Weekend Catch-up Sleep (WCS) is connected with the prevalence of depression in the American population. MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provides representative data for the U.S. population. We utilized data from the 2017–2018 and 2019–2020 cycles. Depression was operationally defined as a PHQ-9 score exceeding 10. WCS duration was categorized into five groups: no change in sleep duration (=0 h), decreased sleep duration (<0), short catch-up sleep duration (>0 h, ≤1 h), moderate catch-up sleep duration (>1 h, <2 h), and long catch-up sleep duration (≥2 h). ResultsAmong the 8039 individuals, the distribution of WCS duration was as follows: no change (WCS = 0 h) in 2999 individuals (37.3 %), decreased sleep (WCS < 0 h) in 1199 individuals (14.9 %), short catch-up sleep (0 h < WCS ≤ 1 h) in 1602 individuals (19.9 %), moderate catch-up sleep (1 h < WCS < 2 h) in 479 individuals (6.0 %), and long catch-up sleep (WCS ≥ 2 h) in 1760 individuals (21.9 %). Acting by adjustment for all covariates in a multiple regression analysis, we discovered that persons with 1 to 2 h of weekend catch-up sleep had a substantially low prevalence of depression concerning those with WCS = 0 (OR 0.22, 95 % CI 0.08–0.59, P = 0.007). ConclusionThe prevalence of depression in individuals engaging in weekend catch-up sleep for 1 to 2 h is lower than those who do not catch up on weekends. This discovery on the treatment and prevention of depression provides a new perspective. However, further prospective research and clinical trials are needed for a comprehensive investigation.

Higher serum ascorbic acid levels are associated with lower depression prevalence in US adults: a case-control study.

Recent studies have shown that a higher intake of ascorbic acid was associated with a lower prevalence of depression. Nevertheless, the recall bias was common in dietary surveys in these studies, and it was ignored that there were differences in the absorption and utilization of ascorbic acid in the body. Hence, we aim to investigate the association between serum ascorbic acid levels and the prevalence of depression in US adults. A total of 3,404 participants from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that underwent measurement of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores and serum levels of ascorbic acid. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) successfully established a case-control study, comprising 299 participants diagnosed with depression and 1,107 as controls. We used binary logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to explore associated risk factors for depression. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to show the nonlinear relationship between serum ascorbic acid levels and the prevalence of depression. The prevalence of depression was approximately 8.8%, with a median serum ascorbic acid level of 49.9 (36.0, 67.0) μmol/L. Results revealed that the serum ascorbic acid levels of depressed patients were significantly lower than those of non-depressed individuals (42.97 VS 52.97 μmol/L). The baseline data indicated that as serum ascorbic acid levels increased from Quartile 1 (Q1) to Quartile 4 (Q4), the depression prevalence decreased from 12.0 to 5.4% (p < 0.05). The results of the chi-square test after PSM showed that serum ascorbic acid was still statistically significant (p < 0.001) with the prevalence of depression. Forest plot showed that compared with the Q1 of serum ascorbic acid level, the OR and 95%CI of depression prevalence in Q4 was 0.42 (0.30 ~ 0.61), and the adjusted OR and 95%CI of depressive prevalence was 0.49 (0.33 ~ 0.73). RCS models showed an L-shaped nonlinear relationship (P for nonlinearity <0.05) between serum ascorbic acid and depression. Our results suggested that higher serum ascorbic acid levels are associated with a reduced prevalence of depression.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND THE USE OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN A STUDY POPULATION

The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that there is an increasing burden of depression and other mental health conditions globally. WHO global health estimate for depression reports a prevalence of 5.4% in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pharmacological therapy still remains the most popular treatment for diagnosed depression. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of clinically diagnosed depression and outcomes of antidepressants among final year undergraduate students in a Federal University. A descriptive cross- sectional study was carried out at University of Benin, Benin City. A validated questionnaire was distributed to the 319 final year clinical students of the College of Medicine, School of Dentistry and Faculty of Pharmacy. Data obtained were organized and analysed with Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics was done; frequencies and percentages were used to summarize variables of interest. Ethical considerations were observed. All the questionnaires used were valid for analysis. About 90.0% of the respondents were knowledgeable about depression. Symptoms of depression were reported in 20.0% of the respondents with 16.6% having moderate symptoms of depression and 3.4% having moderately severe symptoms of depression. The same 20.0% used antidepressants and 14.7% did not adhere to their regimen. Side effects were experienced by majority of respondents (16.3%) on antidepressants. There was a low prevalence of depression in the study population. Adherence to drug therapy was poor. Side effects to treatment were reported by majority of students receiving antidepressants. Majority of patients claim to be better now that they are using antidepressant treatment as the symptoms of the disease are resolving.

Impact of transsexualizing process centers on self-medication of transgender individuals.

The transgender population in Brazil faces marginalization and difficulties in accessing education and health, leading many individuals to self-medicate. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of Specialized Centers in the Transsexualizing Process (SCTP) on the use of cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) without medical prescription, as well as the level of education and mental health profile of these individuals. This is a cross-sectional study with data from physical and electronic medical records between September 2017 and February 2023 regarding the use of CSHT before and after the implementation of two SCTP in the state of Bahia, Brazil, in addition to data on education level, previous diagnosis of anxiety and depression of patients. A total of 219 participants, 127 transgender men (TM) and 92 transgender women and travestis (TrTW), were assessed. A significant reduction in the prevalence of self-medication was observed in both TrTW (92.98% before and 51.43% after, p<0.001), and TM (47.17% before and 25.67% after, p = 0.010) with the implementation of SCTP. Transgender individuals who used CSHT before accessing the service were found to have a lower prevalence of depression. Self-medication was not significantly associated with education or anxiety in our sample. The results indicate the need for the expansion of SCTP, as they were associated with lower rates of self-medication in the transgender population.

Anxiety and depression in family caregivers of hemodialysis patients: Incidence, risk factors, and correlation

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) imposes a significant global burden, with diabetes and hypertension being major contributors. In the severe stage, CKD patients require long-term hemodialysis (HD) treatment and rely on family caregivers for support. Caregivers often experience mental health challenges, including anxiety and depression, which can impact their quality of life and patient outcomes.Objective: This study aimed to identify the anxiety and depression incidence in HD family caregivers at Soehadi Prijonegoro Regional Public Hospital (SPRPH), identify the risk factors associated with these conditions, and investigate the relationship between anxiety and depressionMethods: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out at the Hemodialysis Department from November 2022 to February 2023. Caregivers accompanying CKD patients undergoing HD participated voluntarily. Anxiety and depression levels were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Results: Out of 106 participants, 66% were female. Most caregivers (99%) experienced anxiety, with 91% classified as mild and 8% as mild to moderate. Depression was reported by 42%, with 2% experiencing mild to moderate symptoms. Spearman’s analysis revealed a significant correlation between anxiety and depression (p=0.000). No specific caregiver characteristics were found to be associated with anxiety or depression.Conclusion: Family caregivers of HD patients demonstrated a high incidence of anxiety and a lower prevalence of depression. Anxiety levels were correlated with depression levels. We did not identify specific risk factors for these mental health conditions among caregivers. These findings emphasize the need for mental health screening and appropriate management to improve the quality of life for HD family caregivers.

Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Its Association with Depression Score in A Sample of Iranian Adolescent Girls

Background: Depression in adolescents is one of the major public health concerns that can affect educational attainment and social relationships and impose a high economic burden on society. Previous studies have provided limited information on the relationship between a healthy diet and depression in adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) with depression scores among adolescent girls.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 734 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years. Data on dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and diet quality was assessed based on HEI-2015. The Iranian validated version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate depression. To explore the association between HEI-2015 and depression, logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of a high depression score in the study population was 33.8%. After controlling for potential confounders, girls with the highest adherence to HEI-2015 compared to those with the lowest adherence had a 37% lower prevalence of depression (OR: 0.63; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00, Ptrend=0.03). This finding remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables (age, energy intakes, physical activity, and BMI percentile).&#x0D; Conclusions: Greater adherence to HEI-2015 was associated with lower odds of depression in female adolescents. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify whether a causal relationship exists.&#x0D;

COVID-19 responses and coping in young Malaysians from low-income families.

This study aimed to shed light on how young people from low-income families were responding to COVID-19. This cross-sectional study recruited young people aged between 18 and 24 years from the low-income-group communities. A convenience sampling approach was used. Google Surveys were used to gather data from the survey. The questionnaire consisted of an assessment of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, parent-youth conflict (Parental Environment Questionnaire, PEQ), resilient coping (Brief Resilient Coping Scale, BRCS), and psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-short form, DASS-21). A total of 561 complete responses were received. The results showed a low level of parent-child conflict in the overall study population, with a median PEQ of 48.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 36-48]. Higher parent-child conflicts were found in females than in males (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.19-2.57) and in youth from households with an income below MYR 2000 than those earning MYR 3,001-5,000 (OR = 4.39, 95% CI 2.40-8.03). A low prevalence of depression (12.5%), anxiety (15.2%), and stress (6.4%) was found. Parent-child conflict remains the strongest significant predictor for higher levels of depression (OR = 10.90, 95% CI 4.31-27.57), anxiety (OR = 11.92, 95% CI 5.05-28.14), and stress (OR = 4.79, 95% CI 1.41-16.33) symptoms. Poor resilient coping was the second strongest predictor for depression and anxiety symptoms. Regarding lifestyle factors, a lower level of physical exercise was associated with higher symptoms of depression. By demographics, females reported more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than males. Young people from low-income households reported greater severity in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress than those from high-income households. Young people who are employed also reported greater severity of anxiety symptoms than those who are unemployed. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have an unpredictable impact on the lives of vulnerable youth in low-income families that warrants attention in future advocacy efforts.

Societal Adaptation to Aging and Prevalence of Depression Among Older Adults: Evidence From 20 Countries.

Countries have adopted various formal and informal approaches to support older adults, which are broadly reflected in different policies, programs, and social environments. These contextual environments, broadly referred to as "societal adaptation to aging," may affect population health. We used a new theory-based measure that captured societal adaptation to aging, the Aging Society Index (ASI), which we linked with harmonized individual-level data from 89,111 older adults from 20 countries. Using multi-levels models that accounted for differences in the population composition across countries, we estimated the association between country-level ASI scores and depression prevalence. We also tested if associations were stronger among the old-old and among sociodemographic groups that experience more disadvantage (i.e., women, those with lower educational attainment, unmarried adults). We found that countries with higher ASI scores, indicating more comprehensive approaches to supporting older adults, had lower depression prevalence. We found especially strong reductions in depression prevalence among the oldest adults in our sample. However, we did not find stronger reductions among sociodemographic groups who may experience more disadvantage. Country-level strategies to support older adults may affect depression prevalence. Such strategies may become increasingly important as adults grow older. These results offer promising evidence that improvements in societal adaptation to aging-such as through adoption of more comprehensive policies and programs targeting older adults-may be one avenue to improve population mental health. Future research could investigate observed associations using longitudinal and quasi-experimental study designs, offering additional information regarding a potential causal relationship.

The correlation analysis of WeChat usage and depression among the middle-aged and elderly in China: the mediating role of social participation

BackgroundWe aimed to explore the association between WeChat usage and depression in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly and the role of social participation.MethodsData were obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) of 2018. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, measured with the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). We used the propensity score matching (PSM) to match the WeChat users with the non-WeChat users. Correlations between WeChat usage and depressive symptoms were verified by using logistic regression and linear regression, and the mediating role of social participation was verified by using stepwise regression and KHB method.ResultsFour thousand five hundred forty-five samples were ultimately matched for analysis in this study. After including all control variables, results of logistic regression showed that WeChat usage was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of depression (aOR:0.701,95% CI: 0.605–0.812). And the results of linear regression showed that WeChat usage was associated with lower levels of depression which was significant (p < 0.001). The results of the stepwise regression and the KHB method showed a mediating role of social participation in WeChat usage and depressive symptoms. Among the four types of social participation, the mediating effect of recreational activities was significant, while the mediating effects of voluntary activities, cultural activities, and other activities were not significant. Meanwhile, the effect of WeChat usage on depression and the mediating effect of social participation were heterogeneous because of differences in age and gender.ConclusionSocial participation partly mediated the effect between WeChat usage and depression in middle-aged and older adults. Among the four types of social participation, only recreational activities had a mediating effect. Encouraging more active social participation and other types of social activities should be considered to improve the mental health of the middle-aged and older adults in China through social media usage.

First wave of psychological impact and associated factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients; cross sectional study in supra tertiary hospital in Thailand

IntroductionThe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic not only impacted on physical but also mental health of the patients. We investigated the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Rajavithi hospital is a supra-tertiary hospital which was the frontline in the first wave and gets referral SARS CoV-2 cases from other parts of Thailand.Objectives We investigated the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among 93 hospitalized COVID-19 patients between 1 July 2020 – 31March 2021. Depression and anxiety were measured with Thai Hospital Anxiety and Depression (Thai HADS).ResultsPrevalence of depression was 5.4 %, prevalence of anxiety was 2.2 % Depression was associated with age greater than or equal to 60 years old (p-value = 0.028) and requiring supplemental oxygen therapy (p-value = 0.021).ConclusionsThis study shows low prevalence of depression and anxiety in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Depression was significantly related with elderly and supplemental oxygen therapy. Elderly is vulnerable to depression during treatment and patients who require supplemental oxygen therapy. Severity of the disease might affect neuroinflammatory responses which can relate to depression. Furthermore, severity of disease puts patients in more isolation or guilt that might lead to depression.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Relationship between depression and lifestyle factors in Chinese adults using multi-level generalized estimation equation model.

Relationship between depression and lifestyle factors in Chinese adults using multi-level generalized estimation equation model.

Association between reading and depression in Chinese adults.

Qualitative evidences have shown that having the habit of reading might be beneficial for mental health. The present study aims to examine the relationship between reading and depression. National cross-sectional survey data of adults aged >40 years in mainland China were used. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale questionnaire was utilized to detect depression status. Multilevel binary logistic and linear regression models were employed to reveal the association, and restricted cubic spline with 4 knots was adopted to describe the non-linear association of reading quantity and depression. The prevalence of depression was 13.02% in the target population. It was found that the habit of reading was negatively associated with depression, the odds ratio was 0.809 (95% confidence interval: 0.657-0.997). Diverse association between reading and depression was observed in different age groups, and a significant association was identified among the elderly, but not in the middle-aged population. Restricted cubic spline showed several books read per year might lower the risk of depression and 20-items Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score. A lower prevalence of depression was observed in the target population. The habit of reading was negatively associated with depression. Age-specific association was observed. It is worth paying attention to the reading habit that could be beneficial in the elderly for mental health intervention, but it needs to be confirmed by experimental study.

Psychological Aspects, Physical Activity Levels and Overweight Concerns: A Cross-over Study of Brazilian Adolescents.

This study aims to identify levels of anxiety, depression, body weight, and levels of physical activity, as well as to verify possible associations among these variables in Brazilian adolescents. It is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 291 Brazilian adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old (13.75±0.80 years old). Researchers assessed students by filling out questionnaires of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the level of physical activity and checking anthropometric measures. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were used to compare groups divided by psychological, physical and overweight factors for boys and girls, adopting a significance level of 95%. Results showed higher waist circumference and physical activity levels for boys (p<0.01) and higher scores for anxiety and depressive symptoms questionnaires for girls (p<0.01). In addition, a low prevalence of depression was observed in boys (0.69%/CI0.03-4.36). For anxiety and depression variables in males and females with and without overweight and physically active and inactive, there were significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), but not within groups. The identification of a higher prevalence of girls with anxiety and depression was observed in this study and reinforced this information already demonstrated in the scientific literature. In general, the prevalence of depression was low in boys, while the prevalence of overweight, sedentary lifestyle, anxiety and depression were higher in girls.

The Relationship Between Access to Abortion and Mental Health in Women of Childbearing Age: Analyses of Data From the Global Burden of Disease Studies.

Background It has often been suggested that restricting access to legal abortion could have a negative impact on the mental health of women seeking this procedure. The recent judgment of the United States Supreme Court in the Dobbs case has brought the question of the psychological impactof changes in abortion policy into focus. The results of studies on the link between induced abortion and mental health are contradictory, and interpreting the results of these studies is complex due to a multitude of potential confounding factors. However, there is little data on the relationship between the availability of legal abortion and its effects onthe mental health of women of childbearing age in the general population. Objective The objective of the current study was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between access to legal abortion and the prevalence of common mental disorders in women of childbearing age at a cross-national level while correcting for potential confounding factors. Methods The current study employs both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of nation-level data for 197 countries and regions. As data on global abortion policy were compiled in 2009 and 2017 by the Guttmacher Institute, data on access to legal abortion for these yearswere examined in relation to the prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression in women of childbearing age for each country, obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Studies for the most recent subsequent year (2010 and 2019). The relationship between changes in abortion policy and changes in the prevalence of these disorders in each country was examined for the aforementioned period. All analyses were adjusted for the potential confounding effects of gender development, gender inequality, and intimate partner violence. Cross-sectional associations were examined using Pearson's bivariate and partial correlations, while longitudinal associations were examined using a general linear model and analyses of covariance. Results At the cross-sectional level, broad legal access to abortion was associated with a lower prevalence of depression in women aged 25-49 years, however, this association was not significant after correcting for measures of gender development, gender inequality, and intimate partner violence. At the longitudinal level, a slight but significant decrease in the prevalence of anxiety disorders in women aged 25-49 years was observed in countries where access to legal abortion was broadened in the period 2009-2017. This association remained marginally significant after adjustment for the above confounders. Conclusions The current study suggests that there is a modest relationship between access to legal abortion and its effects on themental health of women aged 25-49 years. However, this relationship appears to be largely indirect in nature and influenced by factors, such as gender development, gender inequality, and intimate partner violence. These results may lead to further exploration of the links between reproductive rights and mental health of women in the general populationand drawattention to the influence of gender inequality and intimate partner violence on mental health of women of childbearing age.

National Trends in Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized in Spain, 2016-2020.

(1) Background: To describe trends in the prevalence of depression in men and women with COPD hospitalized in Spain (2016-2020). (2) Methods: We used a nationwide discharge database to select all patients ≥35 years with COPD. (3) Results: The prevalence of depression was 3.54-times higher in women with COPD than in men (OR 3.54; 95%CI 3.48-3.6). It decreased significantly between 2016 and 2020, although the reduction was only significant in women (12.27% in 2016 vs. 10.56% in 2020). Older age, comorbidity and the most recent years of hospital admission were associated with lower prevalence of depression in both men and women, while obesity, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and use of oxygen prior to admission were risk factors. In-hospital mortality (IHM) increased significantly over time. Older age, comorbidity, the use of oxygen prior to admission and having been hospitalized in 2020 increased the risk of IHM. Female sex was associated with a lower IHM in patients with depression and COPD. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of depression has decreased over time in women with COPD while it has not changed significantly in men with this disease. IHM increased over time both in men and women with COPD and depression, with higher prevalence in the former.

Psychological Aspects, Physical Activity Levels and Overweight Concerns: A Cross-Over Study of Brazilian Adolescents

Introduction: This study aims to identify levels of anxiety, depression, body weight, levels of physical activity, as well as to verify possible associations among these variables in Brazilian adolescents. It is a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample consisting of 291 Brazilian adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old (13.75±0.80 years old). Methods: Students were assessed by researchers by filling out questionnaires of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the level of physical activity and checking anthropometric measures. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were used to compare groups divided by psychological, physical and overweight factors for boys and girls, adopting a significance level of 95%. Results: Results showed higher waist circumference and physical activity level for boys (p&lt;0.01) and higher scores for anxiety and depressive symptoms questionnaires for girls (p&lt;0.01). In addition, a low prevalence of depression was observed in boys (0.69%/CI0.03-4.36). For anxiety and depression variables in male and female with and without overweight and physically active and inactive, there just were significant differences between groups (p &lt; 0.05), but not within groups. Conclusion: The identification of a higher prevalence of girls with anxiety and depression was observed in this study and reinforces this information already demonstrated in the scientific literature. In general, the prevalence of depression was low in boys, while the prevalence of overweight, sedentary lifestyle, anxiety and depression were higher in girls.