Low Power Factor Research Articles

Dispersion-Stable Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite for Water-Processed Organic Thermoelectrics

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have drawn great attention as promising candidates for realizing next-generation printed thermoelectrics (TEs). However, the dispersion instability and resulting poor printability of CNTs have been major issues for their practical processing and device applications. In this work, we investigated the TE characteristics of water-processable carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and single-walled CNT (SWCNT) composite. The microscopic analyses indicated that the CMC-incorporated SWCNT dispersions produced uniform and smooth TE films, capable of ensuring reliable TE performance. The resulting composite films provided a low temperature power factor of 73 μW m−1 K−2 with a high electrical conductivity of ≈1600 S cm−1 and a Seebeck coefficient of ≈21 µV K−1. Moreover, the composite films possessed low thermal conductivity of ≈25 W m−1 K−1, significantly lower than that of pure SWCNTs, with a maximum figure of merit of 1.54 × 10−3 at 353.15 K. Finally, we successfully demonstrated water-processed organic TEGs using CMC/SWCNT films as a p-type component. This work could offer valuable insights to support the development of printable organic-based TE materials and devices.

Study and Simulation of Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Circuit for EV Application

In recent years, an increase in emissions and a decrease in fossil fuels cause environmental pollution and its main air pollution, so we must restore the emissions of vehicles, and this can be achieved with the help of electric propulsion. An electric vehicle is a vehicle powered by an electric motor and powered by a rechargeable battery that can be charged with electricity. It also promotes the use of renewable energy. A rare earth magnet is a primary requirement for most engines. China is the supplier of more than 90% of rare earth magnets in the world and its price is high due to the scarcity of this magnet. So, we need to reduce the use of magnets and this can be achieved by using SRM motors in electric cars due to their reliable structure, high speed, fault tolerance and magnet less design. The main disadvantages of SRM are torque ripple, low power density, low power factor and small extended speed range. To solve this problem, we use an asymmetric bridge converter topology for a 0.5 kW, 2000 rpm, 8/6 SRM drive. Thus, the analysis and problem of Switched Reluctance Motor and the use of power transformers to minimize torque ripple were identified using Ansys Maxwell software (RMxprt tool).

Unknown input observer-Model predictive control scheme for state and disturbance estimation of shunt active filter

The distribution system's nonlinear loads cause low total harmonic distortion (THD), low distortion power factor, and localized communication interference, among other poor power quality metrics. Shunt active power filter (SAPF) capacity to function depends on the controller's ability to follow the reference signal. To manage larger systems with several inputs and outputs, it would be challenging task to design PID controllers, because excessive controller gains would need to be tuned. Also, every control loop would operate independently of one another, as if there were no interactions between the two loops. This paper proffers Model prediction control for Shunt active power filter (SAPF), which can manage systems with several inputs and outputs that may interact with one another. Luenberger observer (LO) and Proportional Integral observer (PIO) fail to estimates the actual states of SAPF to SAPF, as shown even in the presence of three unknown disturbances, i.e step, triangular and noise type. The proposed unknown input observer (UIO) in the presence of three unknown disturbances perfectly tracks the reference signal. Apart from state estimation, the proposed observer also estimates all the unknown disturbances, when compared to PIO. The results have been simulated in MATLAB environment.

High-performance thermoelectric PEDOT:PSS fiber bundles via rational ionic liquid treatment

Rapid growth of wearable technology generates increasing demand for lightweight and elastic energy harvesting systems. Among them, conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) shows great potential for lightweight and flexible thermoelectric generators. However, the practical applications of PEDOT:PSS have been restricted by the low Seebeck coefficient and power factor. Here, PEDOT:PSS/1,3-dimethylimidazolium dicyanamide (MMIM:DCA) fiber bundles with enhanced thermoelectric performance have been fabricated by optimizing the content of ionic liquids (ILs), and the duration of dual post-treatment with H2SO4 and NaBH4. The as-prepared fiber bundles exhibit a high power factor of 91.8 μW/m K−2 at 298 K. Detailed characterizations confirm that the phase separation and structural rearrangement of the polymer chains triggered by ILs ensure high charge carrier mobility, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the strong binding of DCA− to the PEDOT structure, combined with the hydrophilicity and potent reducing effect of MMIM+, synergistically alters the oxidation state of PEDOT, leading to an enhanced Seebeck coefficient. Moreover, the assembled flexible fiber bundle thermoelectric devices exhibit superior performance and usability, which show an output power density of 36.76 μW cm−2 with a temperature gradient of 25 K. This work offers valuable insights into the development of high-performance organic thermoelectric materials via the modulation of polymer chains.

Voltage enhancement and loss minimization in a radial network through optimal capacitor sizing and placement based on Crow Search Algorithm

In power systems, the distribution network is crucial as it serves as the final stage in delivering energy from generation plants to end users. However, reactive power demand from consumers can create challenges such as low power factor, voltage drops, and increased power losses depending on the distribution system used. This study aims to enhance the performance of radial distribution networks (RDNs) by optimizing capacitor placement and sizing based on the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA). Additionally, the study addresses the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) within the network by employing the Backward/Forward Sweep (BFS) method. The study accesses CSA’s effectiveness compared to other metaheuristic optimization techniques through simulation. The simulation results showed that the Voltage Stability Index improved from 0.61 for base case to 0.68 pu with CSA, compared to 0.66 for Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Teacher Learner Based Optimization (TLBO and 0.67 for Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO). CSA also achieved a 30.41 % reduction in active power losses, outperforming PSO, ABC, GA, and TLBO having 26.61 %, and IWO at 24.92 %. Additionally, application of CSA led to a 29.33 % reduction in reactive power losses, compared to 21.91 % for PSO, ABC, GA, and TLBO, 18.2 % for IWO. In the simulated IEEE 33 bus Radial Distribution Network (RDN) topology, the lowest bus voltage at bus 18 increased from 0.8820 in the base case to 0.9080 with CSA, indicating a 32.9 % improvement in voltage deviation. Furthermore, the optimization resulted in a significant reduction of 3.841 pu in capacitor cost, demonstrating CSA’s efficiency in both technical and economic aspects. CSA not only showed favorable results in minimizing power losses and improving voltage profiles but also provided substantial cost savings in capacitor implementation, making it a robust and cost-effective solution for enhancing RDN performance.

The reflections on energy costs and efficacy problems of modern LED lamps

Currently the technology of electroluminescent light sources has undoubtedly dominated the lighting market and LED lamps are replacing the traditional light sources which are being withdrawn from the market. Powering light-emitting diodes requires the use of the appropriately selected power supply systems. All power supply solutions use electronics, mainly voltage converters, which can generate much capacitive reactive power that may cause a contractual penalty in settling electricity costs. Therefore, using LED lamps may lead to an unnecessary increase in electricity bills. This paper presents the basic information about modern types of LED lamps with the Edison E27 base. The definition and basic requirements for the power factor for LED lamps and problems related to it are also discussed. The basic electrical and photometric parameters were measured for the selected 77 samples of LED lamps available on the market in 2023. The conducted research has shown that the average luminous efficacy of LED lamps with the power ranging from 4 W to 20 W is 105 lm/W. However, the power factor most often ranges from 0.5 to 0.6 (68 % of cases). The novelty of this paper is related to presenting the complete operation costs of LED lamps considering reactive energy. In the case of the conducted research, on average, a five-fold increase in the costs of using the LED lamp in an annual cycle was proved. It is mainly related to the low power factor issue and the requirements of this parameter needing to be more restrictive. Therefore, the need to introduce alternative, more stringent requirements related to the power factor of LED lamps was proven and proposed. The new approach to the definition of the luminous efficacy of an LED lamp by referring to its power factor or apparent power as well as tips helpful to users choosing an LED lamp, can also be found in this paper.

First‐Principles Study of the Effects of High‐Order Anharmonicity on the Thermal Transport Properties and Thermoelectric Effects in the Lattice Dynamics of 12 New Full–Heusler Compounds X2YTe (X = Na, K, Rb, Cs; Y = Zn, Cd, Hg)

AbstractIn this study, advanced first‐principles calculations combined with self‐consistent phonon theory and the Boltzmann transport equation are used to assess the thermoelectric properties of novel Full–Heusler materials X2YTe (X = Na, K, Rb, Cs; Y = Zn, Cd, Hg). These materials exhibit low formation energies, facilitating synthesis under standard conditions. This analysis showed that lattice anharmonicity increases with the atomic mass of X and decreases with the atomic mass of Y due to the rattling effect of Y atoms. Significant rattling effects are identified, prompting the inclusion of higher‐order anharmonic effects. By renormalizing the phonon spectrum and accounting for three‐phonon and four‐phonon scattering, the mechanisms behind the low lattice thermal conductivity in these compounds is uncovered. The combination of low lattice thermal conductivity and high power factors resulted in remarkable thermoelectric figure of merit values at optimal doping concentrations and temperatures. Notably, except for Na2ZnTe and Na2HgTe, all other materials surpassed the long‐standing figure of merit record of less than 3, with Rb2ZnTe achieving a figure of merit of 8.11 at 700 K with an n‐type doping concentration of 2 × 1019. The inclusion of spin‐orbit coupling led to less than a 10% reduction in the thermoelectric figure of merit, underscoring the superior thermoelectric performance of these materials.

Power Factor Optimization with Cos Phi Mode Trainee

The power factor cos phi measures the efficiency of using electrical power in a system. A low power factor indicates the presence of high reactive power consumption, which can lead to increased energy losses and operational costs. To overcome this problem, an effective power factor regulation system is required. This research designed and developed the Cos Phi Trainer, which operates in two modes, manual and automatic, to improve the power factor at an electrical load. The system is designed to give users a practical understanding of measuring and improving power factors by setting up compensation capacitors. In manual mode, the user directly sets the value of the capacitor used to fix the power factor. While in automatic mode, the system uses current and voltage sensors to measure the power factor value in real-time and automatically adjusts the capacitor to achieve the optimal power factor. The trainer has an easy-to-use interface and a measurement panel that displays important parameters such as current, voltage, active power, reactive power, and power factor. The test results show that the system can significantly increase the power factor in manual and automatic modes. Thus, this Cos Phi Trainer is an effective tool for training in the laboratory of Indorama Engineering Polytechnic and teaching about electrical power management and energy loss reduction in the electrical system. Keywords: Power factor, manual, active power, reactive power, trainer

Low lattice thermal conductivity induced by rattling-like vibration in Zintl phase Na2CaCdSb2 compound with high ZT from two-channel model

Zintl phase compounds, characterized by the traits of a phonon-glass and electron-crystal, stand out as promising candidates for thermoelectric applications. This study delves into the thermoelectric properties of Zintl phase Na2CaCdSb2 compound through a synergy of first-principles calculations, machine learning interatomic potential approach based on the two-channel model, and high-throughput screening calculations. With an indirect bandgap of 1.02 eV, Na2CaCdSb2 compoundpossesses an high carrier mobility. The high valence band degeneracy and anisotropic band (light-heavy band) lead to a high power factor for the p-type Na2CaCdSb2 compound. The strong fourth-order anharmonicity of the rattling-like Na atom manifests the low lattice thermal conductivity on the basis of two-channel model. The loosely bonding Na atom displays random rotations and dynamically disordered orientations, leading to the weakly disordered nature of Na2CaCdSb2 compound. The unique crystal structure of Na2CaCdSb2 compound coupled with the abundance of diffusion-like phonons play a pivotal role in the phonon transport. Considering the low lattice thermal conductivity and high power factor with the framework of two-channel model, the n-type and p-type Na2CaCdSb2 compounds exhibit optimal figure-of-merits (ZT) of 1.0 and 2.0 at 600 K, showcasing excellent thermoelectric performance. Meanwhile, an optimal ZT of 2.3 is achieved for p-type Na2CaCdSb2 compound at the same temperature along the x-direction. Our present study not only provides fundamental insights into the thermal and electronic transport properties of Na2CaCdSb2 compound under the two-channel model in combination with the four-phonon scattering and multiple carrier scattering rates, but also rationalizes the high-order phonon interactions and thermal transport properties under two-channel model.

Thermoelectric properties of superionic Li0.11Cu1.89S compound

Copper sulfide is a multifunctional material. Copper sulfides are known to be used in photo-electric converters, in plasmonics, in active electrodes of batteries and supercapacitors, etc. The excellent thermoelectric properties of copper sulfide are well-known too. The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermoelectric performance of nanocomposite copper sulfide contained monoclinic Cu2S and tetragonal Cu1.96S phase. According to scanning electron microscopy, the average particle size of the synthesized powder was about 373 nm. The Li0.11Cu1.89S sample showed an electronic conductivity of 50–180 S/cm, a Seebeck coefficient of 0.04–0.31 mV/K in the range of 300–700 K, and high power factor 5.8 μW K−2cm−1 at 672 K. Total thermal conductivity decreases with increasing temperature from 0.61 to 0.22 W∙K−1m−1 in the range of 300–700 K. Such low thermal conductivity and high power factor made it possible to achieve an extremely high dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 1.76 at 672 K, which allows to consider the Li0.11Cu1.89S alloy as a promising thermoelectric material.

High-Frequency Modified Bridgeless AC-DC PFC Rectifier for Ceiling-Fan

High current percentage total harmonics distortion (%THD), low supply power factor (SPF), and high input-power are main concern in an existing brushless direct current motor ceiling-fan (BLDCMCF). This paper presents AC-DC coupled-inductor-based bridgeless switched-inductor Cuk-converter (CIB-BLSICC) for BLDCMCF to address these concerns. CIB-BLSICC improves supply power quality (SPQ) and reduces input-power. Switched-inductor branch using coupled-inductor provides high-step-down-gain (HSDG), which offers an appropriate operating duty for BLSICC. Front-end CIB-BLSICC is developed in discontinuous mode (DCM) with changeable output voltage and a low component count, which reduces converter's overall size. DCM design offers auto power-factor correction (PFC) at a supply-mains. Variable output-voltage makes voltage source inverter (VSI) control easy (offers inverter switching at fundamental-frequency) with low switching-losses and helps speed-control. In addition to improving CF's (ceiling-fan's) overall efficiency, bridgeless design of PFC-converter lowers losses caused by conduction. Using reference speed of fan, CIB-BLSICC calculates its operational duty in order to create fixed-frequency PWM-pulses (200 kHz) while supply-voltage remains constant. This simple-control brings CF's price down by removing need for a sophisticated sensing-circuit, a DC-link sensor, and a voltage-controller. Test results confirm concept and design, which demonstrate a %THD of 1.483%, a crest-factor of 1.48, SPF of 0.9991, and a power-input of 27.93 W.

DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL-SWITCHES BRIDGELESS PFC TOTEM-POLE SEPIC CONVERTER FOR LED DRIVER APPLICATION

This paper presents a Dual-Switch Bridgeless Power Factor Correction (DSBPFC) Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) with Totem-Pole circuit structure for LED Driver Application. The conventional Full-Bridge Rectifier (FBR) SEPIC converter has five diodes, four in the rectifier bridge and one in the SEPIC. In addition, the FBR SEPIC converter has several drawbacks, including low power factor (PF), high current harmonics (THDi), and high output voltage ripple, due to the combination of two operation circuits in a single converter structure. The proposed DSBPFC SEPIC converter with Totem-Pole method improves PF and reduces THDi and output voltage ripple compared to the conventional FBR SEPIC. Additionally, it only requires three diodes instead of five. The optimization parameter design minimizes the THDi and output voltage ripple. In addition, to improve the quality of the AC source, the inductors are designed to operate in DCM and CCM based on the ripple-balancing concept between input and output inductors. As to reduce output voltage ripple, a high capacitance of output capacitor is used. The simulation result of the THDi is 3.8% whereas the experimental result shows that the THDi is 23.5%; which can be attributed to the parasitic elements at the passive components. Furthermore, the experimental results of the output voltage ripple are 2 V with output capacitance of 3300 μF, compared to the output voltage ripple of 4.40 V for 470 μF. Therefore, the proposed converter's design is confirmed with an output power of approximately 14.4 W.

Economic Impact of Low Power Factor on Institutions: a Case Study of Assosa University Building

Power factor is a measure of how efficiently electric power is consumed. It is the result of phase difference between voltage and current at different stages of power system. It’s the ratio of active power or useful power to apparent power. The apparent power consists of both the active power and reactive power. If the reactive power increase in a power system, the power factor becomes low. Low power factor can affect the power system quality and the consumer to suffer in paying additional penalty charge for utility if it drops below the predetermined threshold amount. In this study, the bill data record indicates there was low power factor in each month from different energy meter. The minimum or poor power factor relative to other energy meters record was 0.124035 and its power factor charge was 12,011.58 ETB which is approximately equivalent to 214.11USD. The total power factor charge for only recorded data for four months was 71,537.33ETB (1,275.17USD). The institution is paying unwanted charge that can be improved by using power factor correction capacitor. The reactive power (kVAR) required to correct the power factor to 0.9 have been computed in this paper. The money expended for low power factor will be saved and the system’s power quality increase as well.

A new strategy to simultaneously optimize Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS polymer via L-ascorbic acid

PEDOT:PSS flexible thermoelectric materials are promising for future wearable continuous power support, but it remains challenging due to low power factor. Herein, we propose a “one-stone-two-birds” strategy using L-ascorbic acid as the reductant in synthesis of tellurium nanorods and separating agent in in-situ removing PSS chains. L-ascorbic acid reduces Te4+ to Te, supplying inorganic thermoelectric materials with high Seebeck coefficient as fillers to significantly increase the Seebeck coefficient value of PEDOT:PSS. Meanwhile, L-ascorbic acid separates PSS chains from PEDOT chains, resulting in the increase of electrical conductivity at room temperature by ∼360 % due to structure transformation from benzoid structure to the quinoid structure in PEDOT. As a result, the power factor of optimal PEDOT:PSS with Te fillers and L-ascorbic acid treatment is improved significantly by ∼100 times as compared to that of pristine PEDOT:PSS. Finally, a prototype wearable thermoelectric generator was assembled by 18 legs of Te/PEDOT:PSS composites, which demonstrates a high power density of 2.3 μW·cm−2 with good mechanical stability, flexibility and durability. The present study offers a new strategy for rational design of high-performance flexible thermoelectric materials from PEDOT:PSS.

Power converters design and experimental verification for electromagnetic contactors to reduce the impact of the voltage sag in the power system

This research aims to offer a power supply system based on power converters to supply electromagnetic contactors from the power distribution grid. Its primary purpose is to minimise the voltage sag impact on the contactor, eliminating the possibility of contacts tripping or excessive vibration. In addition to this, the contactor's inherent low power factor must be compensated, reducing the contactor's impact on the power grid. To complete these requirements, the power supply system comprises a Totem-pole PFC converter, a Buck converter stabilising the supplied voltage, and an H-Bridge, decreasing the switch-off commutation time. The research focuses on the converters' design methodology, supported by a case study and experimental verification. Considering the electromagnetic contactor characteristics, the system design requirements are systemised. The analytically and experimentally obtained data shows that based on the chosen converters' topologies, the suggested power supply system provides contactor stable operation in a wide input voltage range, acceptable power losses and high efficiency.

Optimization of Wet-Spun PEDOT:PSS Fibers for Thermoelectric Applications Through Innovative Triple Post-treatments

Owing to the high flexibility, low thermal conductivity, and tunable electrical transport property, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) exhibits promising potential for designing flexible thermoelectric devices in the form of films or fibers. However, the low Seebeck coefficient and power factor of PEDOT:PSS have restricted its practical applications. Here, we sequentially employ triple post-treatments with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dichloroacetate (EMIM:DCA) to enhance the thermoelectric performance of flexible PEDOT:PSS fibers with a high power factor of (55.4 ± 1.8) μW m−1 K−2 at 25 °C. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that excess insulating PSS can be selectively removed after H2SO4 and EMIM:DCA treatments, which induces conformational changes to increase charge carrier mobility, leading to enhanced electrical conductivity. Simultaneously, NaBH4 treatment is employed to adjust the oxidation level, further optimizing the Seebeck coefficient. Additionally, the assembled flexible fiber thermoelectric devices show an output power density of (60.18 ± 2.79) nW cm−2 at a temperature difference of 10 K, proving the superior performance and usability of the optimized fibers. This work provides insights into developing high-performance organic thermoelectric materials by modulating polymer chains.Graphical

Realization of valence band convergence for high thermoelectric performance p-type PbS

PbS is an attractive thermoelectric material with low cost, high thermostability, and large abundance in the Earth’s crust. However, its largest energy difference between the light and heavy valence bands (ΔEv) leads to a huge challenge in achieving valence band convergence (VBC), resulting in the lowest power factor (PF) compared to PbSe and PbTe. This low PF impedes the output power density of thermoelectric devices. In this work, the Ag dopant can reduce ΔEv from 0.34 eV to 0.20 eV, achieving VBC in p-type PbS for the first time, significantly improving the Seebeck coefficient. Additionally, Pb0.98Ag0.02S exhibits semiconductor-like electrical conductivity caused by the grain boundaries scattering below 473 K. With coarse-graining, the mobility improves substantially from 4.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 241 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. Consequently, the PF of Pb0.98Ag0.02S increases from 0.3 μW cm−1 K−2 to 12.2 μW cm−1 K−2 with the figure of merit ZT value rising from 0.0027 to 0.10 at 300 K. More importantly, Pb0.98Ag0.02S crystal maintains a high PF from 300 K to 823 K, giving a record-high average PF of 13.0 μW cm−1 K−2 and an increased ZT. This work certifies Ag as an effective p-type dopant for weakening electron transport coupling for PbS-based thermoelectric materials.

3-level inverter based compensator for power quality enhancement using proposed Trianguzoidal PWM technique

In today’s scenario, the integration of a grid-connected load system with a hybrid energy system (HES) is encouraged to improve the reliability of the system. With the stunning rise in nonlinear loads in HES over the last two decades, the power quality (PQ) of the system has emerged as a paramount concern in contemporary times. The power quality problems include the injection of harmonics in the source current, low input power factor, poor voltage regulation, the burden of reactive power, etc. So, to mitigate these power quality problems in a single-phase distribution system, a 3-level Cascade H-bridge (CHB) inverter-based shunt active power filter (SAPF) is employed alongside a proposed Trianguzoidal pulse width modulation (TRZ PWM) strategy. The single-phase distribution system with SAPF is simulated in fixed and dynamic load conditions to check the system’s efficacy. The proposed PWM techniques for SAPF are compared with conventional PWM techniques, i.e., level shift, phase shift, and hybrid PWM techniques. Results indicate satisfactory performance of the proposed PWM techniques, exhibiting low harmonic distortion in source current, well within IEEE 519 limits, and high active filtering efficiency (AFE) compared to conventional PWM methods. Furthermore, this paper provides detailed comparisons of conventional and proposed PWM techniques in the context of active & reactive power supplied or delivered by load, source, and compensator, input power factor, harmonics in source or grid current, AFE, and individual harmonic components concerning fundamental component of source current.

A non-isolated PFC bridgeless SEPIC-Cuk converter with adaptive PI controller for induction motor

In general, the induction motor (IM) is extremely nonlinear in nature and frequency dependent. In most cases, the power generated by the IM has a low power factor (PF), which exhibits detrimental effect on the extent to which the whole transmission and distribution system functions. Since there exists more current harmonics as an outcome of minimized PF, the efficiency of the power system suffers due to transmission line heating and voltage distortion characteristics. Therefore, this paper proposes a power factor correction (PFC) method to overcome the aforementioned issues. Here, by the utilization of AC-DC bridgeless SEPIC-Cuk converter, the power quality is improved by reducing reactive power consumption and enabling better control of voltage and current outputs. To maintain the stable DC link voltage with reduced ripples, the adaptive proportional-integral (PI) controller is used in this work. The three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) transitioning function is controlled by cascaded fuzzy logic (CFL) controller, which is also utilized for regulating the speed of the three-phase IM. Implementing the proposed control strategy improves power quality significantly by reducing total harmonic distortion (THD). The proposed system is simulated in the MATLAB platform and the attained outcomes, it is clear that the proposed system is highly effective.

Sistem Perbaikan Faktor Daya Otomatis Berbasis Microcontroller Pada Beban Listrik Kapal

Inductive loads on ships are loads that cause the power factor value to move away from 1.00, especially if the addition of this type of load exceeds the standard and the load is installed unbalanced, it can worsen the power factor value. A low power factor value results in soaring current values and reactive power, which often results in cable insulation burning and reduced efficiency. The aim of this research is to create a tool that can automatically correct low power factor values using a Capacitor Bank, PZEM-004T sensor and ESP32 controller at certain inductive loads and can monitor and record electrical load parameter data from various areas on the ship online and offline. This research uses a trial and error method. Based on the test results, this tool can automatically improve the power factor value of inductive loads in the form of TL lamps and electro motors to above 0.90 and the working current value of TL lamps can be reduced from 0.30-0.31 A to 0.17-0.18 A. Electro motors experience a decrease in current from 0.74-0.76 A to 0.66-0.68 A. This tool is also equipped with a system for monitoring and recording load parameter data using Google Spreadsheet when an internet connection is available. If an internet connection is not available, the recording will be transferred using Micro-SD.