Low Physical Activity Research Articles

Poor Eating Habits and Low Physical Activity Contribute to Weight Excess and Increase Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents Practicing Soccer as a Recreational Sport.

Monitoring anthropometry, dietary intake, and physical activity (PA) is essential to prevent/counteract childhood obesity. This study examined dietary intake, PA, and anthropometric characteristics in young boys practicing soccer as a recreational sport. A cross-sectional study included 226 boys aged 8 to 13 years participating in soccer as a recreational activity in football academies located in Tunis, Tunisia. Anthropometric measures allowed the calculation of body mass index, fat mass, and peak height velocity as markers of biological maturity. A three-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire estimated nutrient intake and eating habits. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to estimate the PA level of the participants. It was found that a high percentage of the children had excess weight (54%) and excess fat mass (47%). The total energy, carbohydrate, and saturated fat intake of the children exceeded the recommended levels by approximately 10%, 15%, and 30%, respectively. However, the intake of unsaturated fat was below the estimated requirements, particularly in obese children. In addition to the unbalanced macronutrient intake, the children also showed an insufficient intake of many essential micronutrients. Around 60% to 70% of the children in all three groups had a low intake of magnesium, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and vitamins B9, B12, and D. Moreover, 20% to 35% of the children in the three groups had an insufficient intake of vitamins A and C. Insufficient vitamin E intake was found in 63% of obese children and 35% of non-obese children. It was observed that the PA level was lower in the overweight/obese group compared to the normal-weight group (p < 0.005). More than three-quarters of overweight/obese children had low PA levels, about 20% were moderately active, and only 1 to 2% were highly active. Conversely, normal-weight children showed moderate to high PA levels. Poor eating behavior, an unbalanced diet, and a low PA level are prevalent in Tunisian boys practicing recreational sports. Such a combination is responsible for a disparity between energy intake and expenditure, contributing to weight excess and increased cardiometabolic risk. The study findings provide meaningful information for practitioners and authorities on applying a balanced diet and adequate PA to prevent and fight against obesity and improve cardiometabolic health in youth.

The Impact of Misaligned Perceived and Objective Fall Risk in Cognitively Impaired Older People.

Cognitive impairment (CI) may impair the ability to accurately perceive physical capacity and fall risk. We investigated perceived (measured as concern about falls) and physiological fall risk in community-dwelling older people with CI, the characteristics of the aligned and misaligned groups and the impact of misaligned perceptions on falls. Participants (n= 293) with mild-moderate CI were classified into four groups based on validated physiological and perceived fall risk assessments: 1) vigorous: low perceived and physiological fall risk; 2) anxious: high perceived and low physiological fall risk; 3) unaware: low perceived and high physiological fall risk; and 4) aware: high perceived and physiological fall risk. Groups were compared with respect to neuropsychological and physical function, activity and quality of life measures, and prospective falls (12-months). The anxious (IRR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.02-2.84), unaware (IRR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.22-3.26), and aware (IRR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.67-3.84) groups had significantly higher fall rates than the vigorous group but fall rates did not significantly differ among these groups. Compared with the vigorous group: the anxious group had higher depression scores and reduced mobility and quality of life; the unaware group had poorer global cognition, executive function and mobility and lower physical activity levels; and the aware group had an increased prevalence of multiple physical and cognitive fall risk factors. Fall rates were increased in participants who had increased perceived and/or physiological fall risk. Contrasting fall risk patterns were evident in those who under- and over-estimated their fall risk. Understanding these characteristics will help guide fall risk assessment and prevention strategies in community-dwelling older people with CI.

Relationship between physical activity, stress levels, and sleep quality in adolescents

Background: Quality sleep is important for recovery, but adolescents often experience sleep disturbances during puberty. Low physical activity, such as playing online games, and stress from many tasks can reduce their sleep quality. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between physical activity level and stress on sleep quality in adolescents. Methods: This research used observational analytics method with a cross-sectional design. The study used apurposive sampling of 232 people in junior high schools in Denpasar. The inclusion criteria were teenagers aged 16-17, while the exclusion criteria were respondents who smoked, drank alcoholic beverages, and took sleeping pills. Data were collected by measuring physical activity levels using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), stress using the depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Results: Based on the results of the non-parametric analysis of Spearman Rho, it showed that there was a relationship between physical activity and sleep quality with a significance value of p = 0.001 (p &lt;0.05) correlation coefficient (r = 0.464). There was a relationship between stress and sleep quality with a value of p = 0.001 (p &lt;0.05) correlation coefficient (r = 0.671). Conclusion: Based on the results, it could be concluded that there was a relationship between physical activity level and sleep quality in adolescents. There was also a relationship between stress and sleep quality in adolescents.

Physical activity and recreational screen time among Chinese children and adolescents: a national cross-sectional study.

The increasing prevalence of physical inactivity and prolonged Recreational Screen Time (RST) among children and adolescents is emerging as a significant public health concern. This study investigates the current status of Physical Activity (PA) and RST among Chinese children and adolescents from 2017 to 2019. It also examines variations in PA and RST across different school levels, genders, urban-rural areas, regions, and seasons. A national cross-sectional survey, conducted in China from 2017 to 2019, included 53,101 children and adolescents from grades 4 to 12 (aged 10 to 18 years old). Data on PA and RST were collected via self-administered questionnaires. The study employed descriptive statistics, calculated weighted prevalence rates, and conducted differential analysis across diverse demographic groups. Between 2017 and 2019 in China, merely 28.73% of children and adolescents adhered to World Health Organization's PA guidelines, while 76.09% met China's RST guidelines. Notably, females, higher-grade students, rural residents, and children and adolescents from southern regions exhibited significantly lower levels of PA compared to their male, lower-grade, urban, and northern counterparts. Concurrently, RST was significantly higher among males, lower-grade students, rural residents, and those from northern regions. Seasonal variations were also observed, with lower PA and higher RST in autumn and winter as compared to spring. The study reveals a concerning low level of PA among Chinese children and adolescents, with marked disparities in PA and RST across different groups. This underscores the need for targeted health promotion strategies to enhance PA and mitigate RST among various child and adolescent populations.

Estimates of functional muscle strength from a novel progressive lateral step-up test are feasible, reliable, and related to physical activity in children with cerebral palsy.

To determine if estimates of functional muscle strength from a novel progressive lateral-step-up test (LSUT) are feasible, reliable, and related to physical activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Cross-sectional; test-retest reliability Subjects/Patients: Children with CP and typically developing control children (n = 45/group). An LSUT with 10, 15, and 20 cm step heights was completed. It was repeated 4 weeks later in 20 children with CP. A composite score of LSUT was calculated based on the step height and number of repetitions completed. Physical activity was assessed using monitors worn on the ankle and hip. Only 4 (13%) of the children with CP were unable to complete a lateral step-up repetition without assistance. All children were able to complete at least 1 repetition with assistance, though more than twice as many children with CP required assistance at 15 and 20 cm step heights than at the 10 cm step height (p < 0.01). Children with CP had 59 to 63% lower LSUT performance, 37% lower physical activity assessed at the ankle, and 22% lower physical activity assessed at the hip than controls (all p < 0.01). The intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.91 to 0.96 for LSUT performance at the different step heights and was 0.97 for the composite score. All LSUT performance measures were positively related to ankle physical activity in children with CP (r range = 0.43 to 0.47, all p < 0.01). Only performance at 20 cm and the composite score were positively related to hip physical activity (r = 0.33 and 0.31, respectively, both p < 0.05). The relationship between the LSUT performance and physical activity at both the ankle and hip increased when age and sex were statistically controlled (model r range = 0.55 to 0.60, all p < 0.001). Estimates of functional muscle strength from a novel progressive LSUT are feasible, reliable, and positively related to physical activity in children with CP.

Assessing fall risk in osteoporosis patients: a comparative study of age-matched fallers and nonfallers.

This study aimed to investigate sway parameters and physical activity level of the age/gender-matched older adults with osteoporosis faller and nonfaller patients. By examining these factors, our objective was to understand how these faller and nonfaller groups with osteoporosis differed particularly in terms of balance capabilities and their impact on physical activity levels. We recruited 24 patients with osteoporosis: 12 who reported a fall within a year before recruitment (fallers) and 12 without falls (nonfallers). Given the close association between biochemical markers of musculoskeletal health such as serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Vitamin D, and renal function, we compared these markers in both groups. As a result, elderly individuals with osteoporosis and with a history of falls within the preceding year indicated significantly higher sway velocity (P = 0.012*), sway area (P < 0.001*), and sway path length (P = 0.012*). Furthermore, fallers had significantly lower calcium (P = 0.02*) and Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P = 0.02*), as well as higher Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.02*) as compared to nonfallers despite similar vitamin D and creatinine levels. In conclusion, diminished biochemical factors in the osteoporosis faller group could possibly cause postural instability resulting in lower physical activity levels in the osteoporosis fall group and increasing the risk of falls.

Exploring the complex associations among risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in community-dwelling older adults

BackgroundMalnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty are age-related conditions that are associated with multiple health-related negative outcomes. However, the complex associations between them remain to be elucidated. The aims of the study were to explore: (1) whether the risk of sarcopenia has a mediator effect on the association between risks of malnutrition and frailty; and (2) whether physical activity (PA) level modulates this mediator effect in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 593 older adults (62.73% female; mean age = 71.35 ± 5.86 years). The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), the SARC-F Questionnaire, and the FRAIL Questionnaire were used to assess the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty, respectively. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was employed to assess PA level. Using the Hayes PROCESS macro (Models 4 and 7), mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed.ResultsThe mediation analysis demonstrated that the MNA-SF had a significant effect on the SARC-F (B=-0.325; p < 0.001) and the SARC-F, in turn, had a significant effect on the FRAIL (B = 0.341; p < 0.001). The total (B=-0.171; p < 0.001), direct (B=-0.061; p = 0.001), and indirect (B=-0.111; bootstrap CI did not include zero, which indicates a significant effect) effects of MNA-SF on FRAIL were significant, showing that 65% of the association between the MNA-SF and FRAIL was explained by the SARC-F acting as a mediator. The moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that the association between MNA and SARC-F was moderated by the PA level (B = 0.253; p = 0.016). The SARC-F mediated and relatively enhanced the association between MNA-SF and FRAIL only in older adults with a moderate PA level (B=-0.120; CI: -0.154 to -0.085).ConclusionsThe SARC-F partially mediates the association between the MNA-SF and the FRAIL, indicating that malnutrition affects frailty through an indirect path via sarcopenia. Furthermore, the PA level moderates this mediator effect, with sarcopenia serving as a mediator in older adults with moderate a PA level but not in those with a low PA level. These findings reveal that it may be beneficial to consider PA level in combination with malnutrition and sarcopenia in the management and prevention of frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

The combined association of physical activity and alcohol use with long-term mortality: an age-stratified analysis

BackgroundThe combined association of physical activity (PA) and alcohol use (AU) with long-term mortality is yet to be investigated.MethodsFor the current study, 12,621 participants aged ≥ 20 years were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004). The study endpoint was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the combined effect of PA and AU on long-term mortality.ResultsThe study population was divided into young (< 60 years, N = 8,258) and old (≥ 60 years, N = 4,363) groups. The median follow-up time was 203 months. In both young and old group, sedentary lifestyle combined with even minimal AU were associated with elevated risk of death (all P < 0.05). In young group, the integration of high volume AU with any degree of PA, including sedentary PA (HR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.24–4.44, P = 0.009), low PA (HR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.01–2.68, P = 0.047), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (HR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.03–3.84, P = 0.041), was associated with an increased risk of mortality. This relationship persisted as significant after adjusting for potential confounders (all P < 0.05). In old group, combining moderate-to-vigorous PA and low volume AU (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.94, P = 0.027) was associated with a reduction in mortality. After adjustment, the combination of moderate-to-vigorous PA and low volume AU was independently associated with favorable prognostic outcomes (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn both age groups, combining sedentary lifestyle with even minimal AU was a risk factor for death. In young group, combining any level of PA with high volume AU was associated with increased mortality. In old group, combining moderate-to-vigorous PA with low volume AU was related to reduced mortality.

Determinants of outcomes for patients with chronic low back pain and fear-avoidance beliefs following treatment with specific stabilisation exercises.

Specific stabilisation exercises (SSE) can combat the debilitating effects of chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP), improve disability, pain and fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB). To elicit the determinants of outcome in patients with CLBP with associated FABs after treatment with SSE. Twenty-nine patients (20 females) with CLBP were classified using FAB questionnaire into high or low Work and Physical Activity (PA) subscales. After 4-week treatment, evaluations were done for pain, disability and lumbar spine active range of motion (AROM). Data was analysed exploratory-descriptively with a significance level set at p< 0.05. Participants were aged 55.24 ± 11.91 years. They scored 19 (65.5%) and 5 (17.2%) respectively on Work and PA subscales. The post-intervention evaluation showed significant differences in all outcomes, but no significant difference between patients with high or low FAB scores for both subscales. PA scores correlated significantly with pain while work scores correlated significantly with disability. Participants' gender predicted disability, pain and AROM with moderate to large effect sizes. SSE can potentially improve disability, pain and range of motion for patients with chronic low back pain regardless of FABQ status. Gender and baseline patient status are potential determinants of outcome of treatment using SSE.

Validity of predictive equations for total energy expenditure against doubly labeled water

Variations in physical activity energy expenditure can make accurate prediction of total energy expenditure (TEE) challenging. The purpose of the present study was to determine the accuracy of available equations to predict TEE in individuals varying in physical activity (PA) levels. TEE was measured by DLW in 56 adults varying in PA levels which were monitored by accelerometry. Ten different models were used to predict TEE and their accuracy and precision were evaluated, considering the effect of sex and PA. The models generally underestimated the TEE in this population. An equation published by Plucker was the most accurate in predicting the TEE in our entire sample. The Pontzer and Vinken models were the most accurate for those with lower PA levels. Despite the levels of accuracy of some equations, there were sizable errors (low precision) at an individual level. Future studies are needed to develop and validate these equations.

Level of Awareness of Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Among Final -Year Medical Students. A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Awareness of breast cancer among adults can help to reduce the hazards and uncertainty associated with its delayed diagnosis. This study was planned to determine the awareness of risk factors of breast cancer among male and female students of Final year MBBS of HITEC-IMS, Taxila cantt. Methodology: All the final -year MBBS students (n=102) at HITEC IMS, Taxila Cantt were inducted in the study through non-probability convenience sampling. A total of 99 students completed the self-administered survey via online Google Forms. Data was analyzed using the chi-square test in SPSS version 28. Results: Out of a total of 99 students, the female response was more (56.56%) as compared to males (43.43%) with an average age of 22.9±1.607 years. Awareness regarding the role of the use of oral contraceptive pills, hormone therapy, exposure to radiation and family history in increasing the chances of developing breast cancer was generally high for both genders, with no significant differences. A notable gender difference was found in the awareness of early menstruation (P-value = 0.010). Students’ awareness regarding the risk factors like high consumption of red meals, low consumption of vegetables and fruits, low physical activity, and starting menstruating before age 12 was relatively low in both genders. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the importance of targeted educational interventions to enhance breast cancer risk factor knowledge among medical students.

Aerobik dan Jus Tomat Dapat Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Penderita Hipertensi di Klinik Kartika 0730 Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta

Introduction: Hypertension is recognized globally as a major public health problem. Antihypertensive drugs are effective in lowering blood pressure, but the achievement rate is still low worldwide. Although antihypertensive drugs can control blood pressure, low physical activity is a risk factor for hypertension mortality. Therefore, increasing physical activity through aerobic exercise is a recommendation for complementary therapy for the treatment of hypertension. Simultaneous implementation of moderate to high intensity exercise and weight loss through diet has been identified to be able to lower blood pressure more. And the content in tomatoes can lower blood pressure. Research Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of aerobics and the administration of tomato juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients at the Kartika Clinic 0730 Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. Research Method: This research is a quantitative experimental study with a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample is 30 people with purposive sampling technique. The intervention was carried out 4 times for 2 weeks. Aerobic exercise is carried out for 30 minutes and 150 cc of tomato juice without sugar. Data analysis used paired t-test. Research Results: The results of the analysis show that there is an effect of aerobics and tomato juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients at the Kartika Clinic 0730 Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and giving tomato juice can reduce blood pressure in hypertension sufferers.

Associations of ambient air pollution exposure and lifestyle factors with incident dementia in the elderly: A prospective study in the UK Biobank

ObjectiveDementia is an important disease burden among the elderly, and its occurrence may be profoundly affected by environmental factors. Evidence of the relationship between air pollution and dementia is emerging, but the extent to which this can be offset by lifestyle factors remains ambiguous. MethodsThis study comprised 155,828 elder adults aged 60 years and above in the UK Biobank who were dementia-free at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to examine the associations of annual average levels of air pollutants in 2010, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse) and lifestyle factors recorded at baseline [physical activity (PA), sleep patterns, or smoking status] with incident risk of dementia, and their interactions on both multiplicative and additive scales. ResultsDuring a 12-year period of follow-up, 4,389 incidents of all-cause dementia were identified. For each standarddeviationincrease in ambient NO2, NOX or PM2.5, all-cause dementia risk increases by 1.07-fold [hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.07 (1.04, 1.10)], 1.05-fold (95 % CI: 1.02, 1.08) and 1.07-fold (95 % CI: 1.04, 1.10), whereas low levels of PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking are associated with an elevated risk of dementia [HR (95 % CI) = 1.17 (1.09, 1.26), 1.13 (1.00, 1.27), and 1.14 (1.07, 1.21), respectively]. Furthermore, these air pollutants show joint effects with low PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking on the onset of dementia. The moderate to high levels of PA could significantly or marginally significantly modify the associations between NO2, NOX or PM2.5 (P-int = 0.067, 0.036, and 0.067, respectively) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but no significant modification effects are found for sleep patterns or smoking status. ConclusionThe increased exposures of NO2, NOX, or PM2.5 are associated with elevated risk of dementia among elderly UK Biobank population. These air pollutants take joint effects with low PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking on the development of dementia. In addition, moderate to high levels of PA could attenuate the incident risk of AD caused by air pollution. Further prospective researches among other cohort populations are warranted to validate these findings.

Association of frailty with workplace social activity, physical activity, and well-being among older employees: a moderated mediation in two income-variant samples

BackgroundResearch suggests that frailty is associated with lower physical activity and well-being in old age, but social activities at work may facilitate physical activity and its positive effect on well-being among older employees with frailty. This study, therefore, ascertained whether there is a moderated mediation of the association of frailty, Workplace Social Activity (WSA), and well-being by Physical Activity (PA).MethodsThe study adopted a cross-sectional design with relevant sensitivity analyses for confounding. The participants were within two Ghanaian samples with different income levels (low-income, n = 897, and higher income, n = 530). The minimum samples were calculated, and the statistical models were tested with Haye’s Process Model through structural equation modelling.ResultsFrailty was negatively associated with PA, and this relationship was moderated by WSA in both samples. Higher frailty was directly and indirectly associated with lower well-being in the higher-income sample but only indirectly associated with lower well-being in the low-income sample. The mediation of PA in the frailty-well-being relationship is partial in the higher-income sample but complete in the low-income sample. There was evidence of moderated mediation in both samples.ConclusionWSA may reduce the strength of the negative association of frailty with PA and well-being among older employees in both samples. Workplace interventions aimed at enhancing WSA may encourage PA and enhance well-being among older employees with frailty.

Hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Bangladesh: Evaluating role of physical activity from cross-sectional STEPS 2018 survey.

The objective of this study was to assess current condition of three noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)-diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia and vulnerable cohorts among adults in Bangladesh. The STEPwise Approach to the NCD Risk Factor Surveillance survey of 2018 was analyzed to evaluate the association between NCDs and sociodemographic factors, levels of physical activity, and behavioral measurements. Complex survey weight-adjusted logistic models were fitted. From 6875 samples, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were 27.3%, 9.8%, and 30.2%, respectively. The prevalence of the three NCDs were higher among older respondents. Low occupational activity with obese-BMI status people was more prone to NCDs. Lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed in Rangpur, Rajshahi, and Mymensingh, whereas lesser diabetes in Khulna region. Likelihood of NCDs were higher among highly educated, urban residents with low physical activity. Lesser physical activity, and lack of weight maintenance were found to be key factors in higher rates of NCDs in Bangladesh. Greater education and less strenuous profession led to a higher chance of NCDs. Overall, physical activity and maintenance of weight seem to be factors driving higher rates of NCDs in Bangladesh. As a preventive measure against NCDs, an active lifestyle is to be encouraged, particularly to the most vulnerable cohort.

The prevalence of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among Iranian adults: Findings of a cross-sectional study.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Lack of accurate estimation of the risk factors associated with these diseases can impair the designing of effective interventions in this field; the present study aimed to investigate the risk factors attributable to cardiovascular diseases in males and females visiting comprehensive health service centers in 2018. This cross-sectional study is part of the national health transformation plan shaped in response to the emerging epidemic of noncommunicable diseases. In the present study, 6,331 participants aged 30 years and older were randomly and census selected from comprehensive urban and rural health service centers in Naein County, in Isfahan, Iran, respectively. The data were collected using the electronic health record from the IraPEN program in two sections: demographic information and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. They were then analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24 software using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression. The participants' mean age was 55.09 ± 16.11 years. The main risk factor was insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables while smoking was a negligible risk factor. Low physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and high body mass index were more prevalent in females than in males, whereas smoking was more frequently reported in males (P < 0.001). Risk factors such as age, gender, education level, place of residence, and marital status, played a significant role in determining CVD risk factors. More than half of Iranian adults had one or older cardiovascular disease-related risk factors, and the prevalence of such factors was higher in females than in males. Given the importance of gender differences in cardiovascular disease-related health habits, it is necessary to reduce the majority of these diseases in society, especially in women, by controlling modifiable risk factors.

The actual issues of detection of risk factors and prevention of myocardium infarction in sailors

In Russia, increases morbidity of myocardial infarction. The statistics of recent years demonstrate failure in meeting target indicators of national programs on reducing number of deaths from this disease. At that, able-bodied population is in high risk zone and their professional activity is under influence of large combination of risk factors of myocardial infarction. This risk area covers profession of seafarer that is characterized by irregular work schedule, high levels of stress and mental tension, low physical activity or, contrariwise, increased working loads, unbalanced diet, isotherm stress and interaction with harmful substances. Besides that, situation is aggravated by limited set of first medical aid measures at exacerbation of disease in view of remoteness from hospitalization centers. Thus, considering high mortality rate from myocardial infarction, it is extremely important for ship crews to have full and timely information about diagnostic, symptomatic and prevention of this disease. The article examines statistics data of morbidity and mortality of myocardial infarction in population of the Russian Federation on the basis of Rosstat data and target indicators of the National project "Health Care". The risk factors of myocardial infarction established by INTERHEART studies are analyzed. The specifics of work conditions of crew members of marine vessels are established. The collection of professional modifying risk factors was selected. The recommendations for their correction were developed to enhance efficiency of primary preventive measures and to decrease morbidity and mortality among seafarers.

Exploration of Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Cancer Survivors.

To evaluate associations among social determinants of health (SDOH), stress, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and quality of life among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic cancer survivors. Individuals who had completed cancer treatment and did not identify as White (N = 46) were recruited through community partnerships in western Massachusetts and a state cancer registry. This descriptive cross-sectional study used questionnaires and morning salivary samples to collect data between June 2022 and September 2023. Most participants were breast cancer survivors, were female, identified as African American or Black, and reported moderate levels of stress and low physical activity. Cortisol levels were higher among African American or Black participants, those with lower body mass index, and those with less consumption of fruit and vegetables. Higher symptom experience was associated with higher IL-6 levels. No associations were identified between IL-6 and cortisol or perceived stress and cortisol levels. Incorporating SDOH in self-reported outcomes, including health behaviors and associated biologic indicators, can facilitate early identification and interventions to improve symptom experience and health outcomes of cancer survivors.

The Relationship Between Health Literacy, Quality of Life, and Physical Activity Level of Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the health literacy of patients receiving hemodialysis and to determine the relationship between health literacy, quality of life, and physical activity level. Methods: The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design with 113 hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria and who were treated at a Private Dialysis Center between September and October 2023. Personal Information Form, European Health Literacy Scale Turkish Adaptation, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Scale were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using percentage distributions, means, standard deviation, median values, Pearson and Spearman Correlation Analysis, Chi-Square Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of Variance, and p&amp;lt;0.05 was accepted as the cut-off value for statistical significance. Results: The health literacy level of hemodialysis patients was found to be "problematic" with a mean total scale score of 25.9±82 points. 48.7% of the patients had low physical activity level. Statistical differences were found between personal characteristics such as age, marital status and educational status and health literacy dimensions (p&amp;lt;0.05). While a statistically significant relationship was found between health literacy and physical activity value (p&amp;lt;0.05), no statistically significant relationship was found with quality of life (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusions: Hemodialysis patients should be evaluated at regular intervals individualized interventions should be developed and patients should be guided to increase their health literacy and physical activity levels.

Exploring a mother's engagement in team sport: An application of an extended theory of planned behaviour

ObjectivesMothers of young children are at-risk for low physical activity. Organised team sport provides additional social and mental health benefits above that of physical activity. To better understand engagement in team sport, this study aimed to apply the theory of planned behaviour, with the addition of maternal identity and social support. DesignA prospective two-part online study was conducted two weeks apart to collect data from 122 mothers in Australia (M = 32.22, SD = 4.42). MethodsTwo hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to predict intention and engagement in team sports. A moderation was conducted to determine the effect of social support on the intention–behaviour relationship. ResultsResults indicated that 65.1 % of the variance in intention was explained, with years since previously played (β = −0.17), attitudes (β = 0.20), subjective norms (β = 0.41), and perceived behavioural control (β = 0.16) being significant, and level of team sport social support, and maternal identity being non-significant. Additionally, 65.7 % of the variance in behaviour was explained, with perceived behavioural control (β = 0.28) and intention (β = 0.50) being significant, and years since previously played and social supportbeing non-significant. Social support moderated the relationship between intention and engagement, such that social support facilitated engagement. ConclusionsThe findings show support for the predictive ability of the theory and mothers within a sporting context. Behaviour change techniques related to strengthening intention and personal agency could be used to inform interventions intending to increase team sports participation.