Low-level Performance Research Articles

Advancements of PAPI for the exascale generation

The Performance Application Programming Interface (PAPI) serves as a coherent, operating-system-independent interface for accessing performance counter data across a wide range of hardware and software components. PAPI can operate autonomously as a performance monitoring library and tool for application analysis. However, its true value emerges when it functions as a middleware for numerous third-party profiling, tracing, and sampling toolkits, establishing itself as a universal interface for hardware counter analysis. In this role, PAPI manages the intricacies of each hardware component, presenting a streamlined API to higher-level toolkits. Within the Exascale Computing Project (ECP), PAPI has expanded its capabilities in performance counter monitoring and incorporated support for power management across cutting-edge hardware and software technologies. This includes performance and power monitoring for AMD GPUs through integration with AMD ROCm and ROCm-SMI, Intel Ponte Vecchio GPUs via Intel’s oneAPI Level Zero, and NVIDIA GPUs through the CUPTI Profiling API. Additionally, PAPI is compatible with interconnects, the latest CPUs, and ARM chips. These enhancements have been implemented while preserving the standard PAPI interface and methodology for utilizing low-level performance counters in CPUs, GPUs, on/off-chip memory, interconnects, and the I/O system, encompassing energy and power management. To strengthen PAPI’s sustainability, ECP has facilitated its integration into Spack and E4S, ensuring software robustness through continuous integration and continuous deployment. In addition to hardware counter-based data, PAPI now supports the registration and monitoring of Software-Defined Events. This feature exposes the internal behavior of runtime systems and libraries like PaRSEC, SLATE, Magma, to applications utilizing those libraries, broadening the scope of performance events to include software-based information. Additionally, PAPI has been expanded with the Counter Analysis Toolkit, aiding in native performance counter disambiguation through micro-benchmarks. These micro-benchmarks probe various essential aspects of modern chips, contributing to the classification of raw performance events. In summary, ECP has enabled PAPI to include comprehensive counter analysis capabilities, advanced performance and power monitoring support for exascale hardware components, and broadened the scope of performance events to encompass not only hardware-related metrics but also software-based information.

Young athletes’ mental well-being is associated with smartphone social networking application usage and moderated by performance level and app type

Smartphones and social media have become an integral part of human daily life and they influence mental well-being. These accounts have been researched in the general population, but not in athletes. This is critical given enhanced physical and emotional stressors in athletes versus non-athletes. Therefore, we here studied intra- and interindividual relationships of four social media sites (WhatsApp, TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat) with mood, stress, recovery, and sleep using log-based media usage tracking as an objective measure in 53 competitive athletes aged 12–27 years. Multilevel modeling revealed that intraindividual TikTok usage negatively predicted sleep (β = −0.10, p = 0.040) and recovery (β = −0.15, p < 0.002), and positively predicted stress (β = 0.12, p = 0.018). Interindividual Instagram usage predicted feelings of calmness (β = 0.27, p = 0.029) and valence (β = 0.20, p = 0.043). Intriguingly, competition level moderated the usage outcomes of all four apps: Athletes on low performance levels showed lower mental well-being when using social media longer, yet in national and international athletes the strength of these relationships was weaker or even reversed. Our study unravels social media usage associations with mental well-being to vary as a function of performance level and provides findings on intra- and interindividual effects of critical importance to inform future population-tailored and expedient interventions.

Moderating Role of Self-Regulation Difficulties in the Momentary Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Participation Poststroke.

Because depressive symptoms are momentarily associated with lower levels of participation poststroke, it is crucial to investigate what moderates such associations to identify a potential intervention target to reduce the momentary links between depressive symptoms and participation poststroke. Self-regulation seems to be a potential moderator of such associations. To investigate the extent to which difficulties in self-regulation moderate the momentary associations between depressive symptoms and participation poststroke. This study uses a real-time, repeated-measures design using smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment surveys five times a day for 10 days. We performed multilevel modeling to uncover the momentary associations among the study variables. Community. 39 people with stroke. We obtained real-time data for difficulties in self-regulation (total, cognitive, behavioral, and emotion regulation), depressive symptoms, and participation in daily activities (performance in daily activities and satisfaction with performing daily activities). We included 1,612 survey responses in the analysis. Higher depressive symptoms were momentarily associated with lower levels of performance (β = -0.05 to -0.07, p < .001) and satisfaction (β = -0.04 to -0.06, p < .05), regardless of adjusting for self-regulation variables and other covariates. Difficulties in total self-regulation (β = -0.01, p < .001) and emotion regulation (β = -0.02, p < .001) magnified the negative associations between depressive symptoms and satisfaction with performing daily activities. Using self-regulation and emotion regulation strategies may be a target for just-in-time intervention for reducing the momentary associations between depressive symptoms and satisfaction with performing daily activities poststroke. Plain-Language Summary: Depressive symptoms have immediate and real-time associations with lower levels of participation in daily activities in people with stroke. Self-regulation, including cognitive regulation (e.g., goal setting, planning strategies), behavioral regulation (e.g., controlling impulsive behaviors), and emotion regulation (e.g., managing negative feelings), may be an intervention target for reducing the immediate associations between depressive symptoms and lower levels of participation poststroke. Thus, we investigated whether difficulties in self-regulation variables magnify the negative real-time associations between depressive symptoms and participation poststroke. To obtain real-time data on difficulties in self-regulation variables, depressive symptoms, and participation (i.e., performance and satisfaction), we asked 39 community-dwelling people with stroke to answer smartphone surveys. The results showed that difficulties in total self-regulation and emotion regulation magnified the negative associations between depressive symptoms and satisfaction with performing daily activities. Our findings suggest that self-regulation and emotion regulation strategies may be a target for real-time intervention for reducing the momentary associations between depressive symptoms and satisfaction with performing daily activities poststroke.

To be or not to be, when synthetic data meet clinical pharmacology: A focused study on pharmacogenetics.

The use of synthetic data in pharmacology research has gained significant attention due to its potential to address privacy concerns and promote open science. In this study, we implemented and compared three synthetic data generation methods, CT-GAN, TVAE, and a simplified implementation of Avatar, for a previously published pharmacogenetic dataset of 253 patients with one measurement per patient (non-longitudinal). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of these methods in terms of data utility and privacy trade off. Our results showed that CT-GAN and Avatar used with k = 10 (number of patients used to create the local model of generation) had the best overall performance in terms of data utility and privacy preservation. However, the TVAE method showed a relatively lower level of performance in these aspects. In terms of Hazard ratio estimation, Avatar with k = 10 produced HR estimates closest to the original data, whereas CT-GAN slightly underestimated the HR and TVAE showed the most significant deviation from the original HR. We also investigated the effect of applying the algorithms multiple times to improve results stability in terms of HR estimation. Our findings suggested that this approach could be beneficial, especially in the case of small datasets, to achieve more reliable and robust results. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the performance of CT-GAN, TVAE, and Avatar methods for synthetic data generation in pharmacogenetic research. The application to other type of data and analyses (data driven) used in pharmacology should be further investigated.

“All Hands on Deck”: The Critical Role of Non-State Actors in Basic Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

ABSTRACT The education landscape in low-income countries (LICs) and middle-income countries (MICs) is characterised by improving levels of school enrolments, but low levels of learning and systems performance, and critical shortfalls in education financing. In asking the question “what is the role of non-state actors in basic education in LICs and MICs?,” this article describes six features of the non-state sector landscape: (i) the non-state sector provides a large and growing share of basic education provision in LICs and MICs, (ii) this sector caters to the poor, but not to the extreme poor (nor probably should it without public subsidy), (iii) evidence on the performance of the non-state sector is mixed, (iv) Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in education are the norm rather than the exception, though regulation and PPPs are generally not done well by Governments, (v) the non-state sector has been uniquely hurt by COVID-19, but also proved to be resilient, and (vi) there are successful advocacy campaigns against the non-state sector and PPPs. Against this backdrop, we propose 10 policy measures for Governments, national actors and the international community, with a view to maximising the contribution of non-state actors to driving system-wide goals of equity, learning, and social cohesion.

The impact of biodiversity information on willingness to pay

AbstractBiodiversity loss is one of the planetary boundaries that is most urgently in need of action. However, very little is known about the consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for products with higher (or lower) levels of biodiversity performance. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate how consumers’ WTP is influenced by a product's impact on biodiversity. To address this question, we collected representative data from 524 German consumers in a survey‐based experiment. Drawing on prospect theory, we identified the shape of the WTP reaction function for a given product in relation to its biodiversity performance. We demonstrate that consumers with sufficiently high levels of education and concern about biodiversity loss are willing to pay more for products with above‐average biodiversity performance and less for products with below‐average biodiversity performance. However, the extent to which a product outperforms the industry average does not influence consumers’ increased WTP. From a sustainable development perspective, these observed patterns highlight the problematic contrast between the pressing need for substantial improvements in product biodiversity performance and the limited incentives provided by consumers. Consequently, the findings suggest that the incentives that consumers currently provide for corporate biodiversity management are insufficient to assist in staying within the planetary boundaries.

Caregivers’ Performance towards Pressure Ulcer Preventive Measures for Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate caregivers’ performance concerning pressure ulcer preventive measures for spinal cord injury patients. Methodology: This is a pre-experimental design study carried out on 25 caregivers. A Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit the participants, this study starts from 21st, May 2021 to 31st January 2024. A questionnaire was used after obtaining an official approval. The first part of the questionnaire measured the participants’ demographic variables, and the second part measured their performance towards pressure ulcer preventive measures. The data were analyzed in SPSS 26.0. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of the study respondents were at age (28–37 year) and male caregivers, most of them married and living together with the patient. The present findings showed that caregivers had a low level of performance in the pretest. Yet, they showed promote their performance to the good level in the post-test at p-value=0.001. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the educational program was highly effective in caregivers’ performance. This study recommended that caregivers develop and expand their knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention through media and brochures to improve their performance.

Predictive potential of distance-related spectral graphical descriptors for structure-property modeling of thermodynamic properties of polycyclic hydrocarbons with applications

A distance-related spectral descriptor is a graphical index with defining structure built on eigenvalues of chemical matrices relying on distances in graphs. This paper explores the predictive ability of both existing and new distance-related spectral descriptors for estimating thermodynamic characteristics of polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs). As a standard choice, the entropy and heat capacity are selected to represent thermodynamic properties. Furthermore, 30 initial members of PHs are considered as test molecules for this study. Three new molecular matrices have been proposed and our research demonstrates that distance-spectral graphical indices built by these novel matrices surpass in efficiency relative to famous distance-spectral indices. First, a novel computational method is put forwarded to evaluate distance-spectral indices of molecular graphs. The proposed methodology is utilized to compute both pre-existing and novel distance-related spectral descriptors, with an aim to assess their predictive efficacy using experimental data pertaining to two selected thermodynamic properties. Subsequently, we identify the five most promising distance-related spectral descriptors, comprising the degree-distance and Harary energies, the recently introduced second geometric-arithmetic energy along with its associated Estrada invariant, and 2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ ext {nd}$$\\end{document} atom-bond connectivity (ABC) Estrada index. Notably, the 2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ ext {nd}$$\\end{document} ABC Estrada index and Harary energy demonstrate correlation coefficients exceeding 0.95, while certain conventional spectral indices including the distance energy as well as its associated Estrada index, display comparatively lower performance levels. Moreover, we illustrate the practical implications of our findings on specific classes of one-hexagonal nanocones and carbon polyhex nanotubes. These outcomes hold potential for enhancing the theoretical determination of certain thermodynamic attributes of these nanostructures, offering improved accuracy and minimal margin of error.

Nature, predictors, and outcomes of the psychological capital trajectories observed among upcoming police officers' undergoing vocational training

This study seeks to achieve a dynamic person-centered understanding of the nature of the psychological capital trajectories observed among upcoming police officers undergoing vocational training. Moreover, it seeks to document the predictive role of leader-member exchange and perceived organizational support in relation to these psychological capital trajectories, as well as the implications of these trajectories for a variety of outcomes related to trainees' attitudes (i.e., organizational cynicism, identification with the organization, engagement in the training program, and satisfaction toward the training program), psychological health (i.e., perceived stress), and behaviors (i.e., performance in the training program). A sample of 1200 participants undergoing a 33-week full-time vocational training program to become police officers were surveyed four times over a period of five months and a half. Results revealed that psychological capital trajectories corresponded to five primary profiles: Learning to Hate, High Fit, Moderate Fit, Honeymoon-Hangover, and Low Fit. Perceived leader-member exchange and organizational support were associated with these trajectories in a way that mainly supported our expectations. Trajectories characterized by lower levels of psychological capital were associated with higher levels of cynicism and stress, and with lower levels of engagement, identification, performance, and satisfaction. Conversely, trajectories characterized by higher levels of psychological capital were associated with the most positive outcomes.

How differentiated can a new tablet-based reading screening measure the reading proficiency of students with intellectual disabilities? Comparing the impact of disability, disability type and grade level on reading skills.

All people have the right to learn reading. Understanding the factors influencing reading proficiency among students with intellectual disabilities is important for developing effective instructions. To accurately assess reading, suitable assessments that can effectively differentiate between low performance levels are necessary. We analyse results of 400 students (43 students with intellectual disabilities) in a digital reading screening and investigate the influence of disability severity, grade level and special educational needs status on the reading abilities of students with intellectual disabilities. The results indicate that the screening is suitable for assessing students with intellectual disabilities. A newly developed digital screening test for flash reading measures reliably. All presumed factors significantly impact the reading proficiency. However, substantial overlap exists between students with intellectual disabilities and those with other special needs. The necessity for structured reading interventions, irrespective of the disability label, and the importance of appropriate assessments for all students are discussed.

Perfil de ingreso para educación primaria

The objective of this research is to diagnose and propose the admission profile for university students. The research was quantitative, basic with a propositional design. The population was 30 students, 14 males and 16 females of the second cycle of primary education, academic semester 2023-II. The entire population was the sample. From the competency-based approach, we understand the entry profile as the set of three dimensions: cognitive (knowing how to know), procedural (knowing how to do) and attitudes and values (knowing how to be). In the diagnosis, research instruments were applied for each dimension, the results of which express that most students are at a medium and low level of academic performance, which requires providing them with greater support, such as facilitating their insertion, enhancing their capacities and completing their studies successfully, throughout the training process, with emphasis on the first and second year of university. We believe that all of the above allowed us to propose a more orderly and viable admission profile.

Changes in the importance and performance of low-sodium management among childcare center cooks in Yongin, South Korea, after salinometer support programs: a descriptive study

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the importance and performance of sodium reduction practices among childcare center cooks in the Yongin area before and after a 3-month salinometer support program. Methods: In total, 313 cooks employed in childcare centers in Yongin were surveyed before and after participating in a salinometer support program. The survey included questions on general information, sodium-related dietary habits, and perceived importance and performance levels of sodium reduction approaches in the purchasing, cooking, and serving areas. The centers were divided into childcare centers registered as group-feeding facilities (FS group, n = 68) and those not registered as such (non-FS group, n = 245). The differences between the two groups were analyzed. Results: The overall importance levels increased significantly after the program in both the FS-group (P &lt; 0.001) and non-FS group (P = 0.005). The overall performance levels also increased significantly in both groups (P &lt; 0.001 for all). Consequently, the significant difference between the importance and performance levels disappeared in both groups after the program. However, unlike the FS group, which showed no significant differences between the importance and performance levels after the program in all three areas, the non-FS group still demonstrated lower performance levels than importance levels in the purchasing (P = 0.011) and serving (P = 0.034) areas after the program. Conclusions: The use of salinometers significantly enhanced the performance and importance of low-sodium management practices among cooks in childcare centers, especially in the FS group. The continuous monitoring of salinity measurements and tailored education specialized for the FS and non-FS groups are recommended.

Enhancing students' writing paragraphs through Canva Magic AI

This research aimed to investigate the influence of Canva Magic AI on improving students' writing quality and to gauge their perceptions of using the tool. The study utilized a quantitative, pre-experimental One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. Eight English literature students were selected using convenience sampling from an Intermediate English Grammar and Paragraph Writing class at STBA Persada Bunda during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected via a writing test and a questionnaire. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students' writing quality after using Canva Magic AI, with a p-value of 0.012 from the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Notable enhancements were observed across various writing components, including better organization, with more students receiving "Excellent to Good" ratings and the complete elimination of the "Not College Level Work" category. Logical development of ideas component showed significant improvement, with more students achieving higher ratings and lower ratings decreasing to zero. Grammar quality also improved markedly, with increases in higher ratings and decreases in lower ones. Progress was observed in punctuation, spelling, mechanics, and the style and quality of expression, with significant boosts in higher ratings and reductions in lower performance levels. Furthermore, students' perceptions of Canva Magic AI were highly positive, with mean ratings consistently above 4.0 on a 5-point scale. They acknowledged the tool's effectiveness in improving their writing skills and content creation, although some reported variability in experiences with errors, indicating a need for further refinement. The research underscores the effectiveness of Canva Magic AI as a supplementary educational tool, demonstrating its potential to enhance writing skills and overall quality. The implications for educational practices suggest integrating AI tools like Canva Magic AI into curricula to support and improve students' writing proficiency, fostering a more engaging and efficient learning environment.

Enhancing operational performance: The impact of smart algorithms in Saudi Arabian sports facilities

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of utilizing smart algorithms on enhancing the operational performance of sports facilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These algorithms, based on principles and concepts of artificial intelligence, aim to achieve functions such as learning, decision-making, data analysis, pattern recognition, planning, and problem-solving. The study aimed to identify the extent to which smart algorithms are utilized in sports facilities, assess the level of operational performance, explore the correlation between the use of smart algorithms and operational performance, and predict the level of operational performance based on the use of smart algorithms. The study employed a descriptive approach, specifically utilizing a survey study method. Participants included chairmen and members of boards of directors, executive directors, sports directors, administrators, specialists, and members of various committees. The study sample was intentionally selected from different categories within the study population. Two questionnaires were used to collect data from 325 participants. The findings revealed a lack of utilization of smart algorithms in sports facilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, indicating a low level of operational performance. Additionally, a correlation was observed between the use of smart algorithms and operational performance, suggesting that the level of operational performance can be predicted based on the utilization of smart algorithms. The study concludes that the implementation of intelligent algorithms can enhance the operational performance of sports facilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides valuable insights into the effects of utilizing smart algorithms on improving operational performance.

Metacognition in General Science to Improve the Academic Performance of Students

This study explored the impact of metacognition on academic performance in general science among 90 students at General Mariano Alvarez Technical High School in Barangay Poblacion 1, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite. Utilizing an experimental design, a pre-test and post-test were administered to both control (traditional) and experimental (metacognition) groups. The sample predominantly comprised 14-year-old males. Initial results showed low performance levels in both groups. However, post-test results indicated a significant improvement, with the traditional group showing high performance and the metacognition group exhibiting very high performance. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores within both groups, highlighting the effectiveness of the metacognitive intervention. The findings suggest that students in the metacognition group outperformed their peers in the traditional group, demonstrating the substantial benefit of metacognitive strategies in enhancing academic performance.

Links Among Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Psycholinguistic Abilities Are Different for Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder.

Both developmental language disorder (DLD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represent relatively common and chronic neurodevelopmental conditions associated with increased risk for poor academic and interpersonal outcomes. Reports of common co-occurrence suggest these neurodevelopmental disruptions might also be linked. Most of the data available on the issue have been based on case-control studies vulnerable to ascertainment and other biases. Seventy-eight children, representing four neurodevelopmental profiles (DLD, ADHD, co-occurring ADHD + DLD, and neurotypical development), were administered a battery of psycholinguistic tests. Parents provided standardized ratings of the severity of their children's inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and executive function symptoms. Examiners were blinded to children's clinical status. Group differences, correlations, and best subset regression analyses were used to examine potential impacts of children's ADHD symptoms on their psycholinguistic abilities. For children with DLD, significant links between their ADHD symptoms and psycholinguistic abilities were limited to the contributions of elevated hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms to lower pragmatic abilities. For children without DLD, inattention symptoms contributed to lower levels of performance in pragmatic, sentence recall, receptive vocabulary, and narrative abilities. Links among children's ADHD symptoms and their psycholinguistic abilities were different for children with and without DLD. Implications for the provision of clinical services are discussed.

Unleashing creative potential: Evaluating the impact of a cognitive-based creativity training program in the classroom

While the evidence supporting cognitive-based creativity training as a means of enhancing creative thinking is increasing, its long-term effects and who can benefit from the training remain unclear. To address this gap, we developed a cognitive-based creativity training program for school-aged children and assessed its efficacy through pre-, post-, and follow-up tests, comparing the performance of two groups matched for working memory in the pre-test. One group (n = 33) underwent the training program, whereas the other group (n = 27) participated in the active control condition. The results showed that the training group exhibited significantly better creative thinking performance than the control group in the post-test. This difference was sustained over six months, and the improvement in creative thinking was independent of any changes in working memory, as determined using a subsample. In addition, individuals with lower levels of creative thinking performance before training gained more from training than those with higher levels.

직업계고 학생의 디지털 역량 구명 및 중요도-실행도 차이 분석(IPGA)

The purpose of this study was to find out the digital competencies of vocational high school students and to derive implications for increasing the digital competencies of vocational high school students by identifying what competencies currently need to be improved most urgently. The results are as follows. First, the digital competency of vocational high school students was defined as the competency, including knowledge, skills, attitudes, and thinking skills that vocational high school students must have in common to perform their duties using various digital technologies after entering the labor market after graduation. Second, 5 major areas of vocational high school students' digital competencies were derived: 'understanding and responding to changes according to digital transformation', 'digital data collection and management', 'digital-based communication and collaboration’, ‘digital content development and utilization’, and 'digital-based problem solving' and minor 11 areas were derived. Third, ‘communication through digital technology’ and ‘digital data search and collection’ were identified as areas with high level of performance and importance, but ‘digital content development’ was identified as areas with low level of performance and importance. Fourth, competencies with high demand for improvement include ‘digital data search and collection’, ‘communication through digital technology’, ‘sharing and collaboration through digital technology’, and ‘digital content utilization’. In the suggestion, it was suggested that long-term research should be conducted to find ways to increase digital competencies of vocational high school students, and specific policy should be established that focus on improving students' foundational common competency.

Engaging EFL learners in online decoding training: comparing the conventional approach and the flipped SEF-ARCS model

Aural decoding skill, the ability to recognize words from speech, is crucial for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) listening. Yet, mastering decoding is challenging due to word variations and blending in natural spoken English. Online decoding training is vital for EFL learners because it provides opportunities for consistent and intensive practices. However, students’ disengagement and perceived difficulty plague online decoding training. The flipped SEF (suitability, explore, feedback)-ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction) decoding model holds potential in addressing these challenges. This instructional model combines the flipped learning approach, SEF decoding principles and the ARCS motivational model. However, although this model has been shown to improve learning outcomes for EFL learners at post-intervention stages, its role in enhancing students’ actual engagement and performance during the learning process requires further investigation. This is crucial as low levels of actual engagement or performance during the everyday practices can dampen learners’ motivation for ongoing decoding practice. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of the flipped SEF-ARCS decoding model by comparing three groups: an online out-of-class decoding training using the flipped SEF-ARCS decoding model (EG2), an online out-of-class decoding training using the conventional decoding approach (EG1), and a control group without online out-of-class decoding training (CG). Results indicated that the flipped SEF-ARCS model significantly improved student behavioral and cognitive engagement, and their actual performance during daily practice compared to the conventional decoding approach. Understanding how the flipped SEF-ARCS decoding model influences both actual engagement and performance can offer valuable insights into designing effective online decoding training programs for EFL learners.

VALUE BASED MANAGEMENT AT KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUBE)

Joint Business Group/Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) is a business scheme launched in 2010 by the Ministry of Social Affairs for underprivileged families who received social assistance from the Family Hope Program (PKH), with the idea that they will no longer depend on social assistance. KUBE has not yet achieved its goals due to low business management capabilities, weak entrepreneurial culture which has resulted low economic empowerment and performance level. This reason as an urgent need for research and development to analyze phenomena and find solutions for better KUBE performance. The aim of the research is to describe and analyze the value based management at KUBE in Bandung City. This research resulted a new findings related to the stages of determining the assumptions and legal basis used, formulating concepts and proving them into the analytical implementation of KUBE. This implementation was supported by the West Java Provincial Social Service Board in the form of providing data, information on the implementation of KUBE and facilitating the presentation of research reports. The method used is a qualitative approach with TKT at level 3. The main research output is publication on Sinta 1 or Sinta 4 and the additional outputs is a book chapter.