Lower Panel Research Articles

Internet of Things (IoT) Based Temperature Monitoring System on The Low Voltage Sub-Distribution Panel (LVSDP) Busbar

In this study, a tool is designed to monitor the temperature on the busbar of the Low Voltage Sub Distribution Panel (LVSDP) based on the Internet of Things. This tool uses the internet network to receive data from a sensor in real-time. The tool in this study is designed to detect the heat generated by the busbars of each phase installed in the LVSDP. Real-time display on the smartphone provides notification if the temperature on the busbar has exceeded the preset set point. To monitor the temperature on the busbar, real-time monitoring is needed which will make it more convenient for technicians to carry out maintenance. Monitoring the temperature on this busbar will be carried out by utilizing technology from IoT which will be connected to the internet and integrated with smartphone devices. In this study, the authors will use the ESP32 module as a medium for receiving, storing, and displaying data on smartphone devices. ESP32 is a module often used for IoT projects. Equipped with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth features and has a Dual-Core Microprocessor which will make data processing faster. To be able to receive temperature data, an infrared MLX90614 sensor is needed. The MLX90614 infrared sensor is an electronic component that functions to detect heat without touching the object whose heat is to be measured because this sensor is facilitated with infrared light which can be directed at the object.

Compression performance of composite plates after multi-site impacts: A combined experimental and finite element study

This paper reports on a study of the damage tolerance of carbon fibre reinforced polymer plates, used in aircraft fuselage, subjected to multi-site impacts. A new fixture was designed to perform sequential low-velocity impacts at different locations on plates with two different thicknesses, representing upper and lower fuselage panels. The residual strength in compression was measured using a new compression-after-impact rig designed to prevent global buckling of thin plates. Experimental results indicated that compared to single impacts, multi-site impacts can reduce the residual strength of the thin plates, but not the thick plates. To explain this difference, a detailed finite element model was developed, which enabled modelling of multi-site impacts and compression after impact in one simulation. Simulations suggested that the second impact damage changes the buckled shape prior to failure for the thin plates. A parametric analysis on key material parameters showed that they have a small effect on the residual compressive strength. This work can help to improve the design of aircraft panels with respect to threats posed by multi-site impacts.

Color filter effects on the performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic solar panels

We evaluated effect of different color filters on the electric production performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar photovoltaic panels in real outdoor environment. In the experiment, we used four different color filters from blue to red on photovoltaic panels to observe energy and efficiency performance of the mono and polycrystalline solar photovoltaic panels as well as temperature of the panels measured with and without filters. We observed the wavelength dependence of monocrystalline photovoltaic panel is more effective than the polycrystalline photovoltaic panel one. For both panels we see that yellow color filtered produced the highest power value and have the lowest temperature value. This can be explained with that the spectrum of yellow color filter covers most of the radiation of solar but blocking infrared and ultraviolet side of the sun spectrum. This also causes the lower panel temperature. On the other hand, we observed that photovoltaic panels with blue color filter have the highest temperature value and the lowest power value. By the study we suggest that by optimizing the semiconductor band gaps in photovoltaic panels respect to solar wavelength, one can produce photovoltaic panels with higher efficiency by using filters, especially in hot climate regions. We expected that the results will also contribute to a better analysis of the points that need to be developed during the photovoltaic panel production stages.

Left atrial hyper-strain in dyssynchronous hearts: potential driver for adverse left atrial remodelling

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital. Introduction It was recently shown that left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with risk of developing atrial fibrillation. A potential mechanism is abnormal left atrial (LA) loading caused by LA dyssynchrony. Purpose To investigate if LBBB is associated with abnormal LA loading as reflected in non-uniform segmental strains. Methods In a prospective study of 143 heart failure patients with LBBB, myocardial strain was measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography prior to and after 7±2 months on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). As indicated by brackets in the lower panels in the Figure, LA strain amplitudes were calculated as the difference between minimum and peak strain during the reservoir phase. Results In the Figure, the upper panel shows segmental and average LA strain traces in a representative LBBB patient. This patient illustrates marked spatial non-uniformity in strain amplitude between the interatrial septum and the LA lateral wall during the reservoir phase. For the entire study population, strain amplitudes were 19±9% (mean±SD) for the interatrial septum and 24±11% for the LA lateral wall (p<0.0001). In the quartile of patients with largest differences, strain amplitudes were 16±9 and 32±12%, respectively (p<0.0001). CRT abolished these differences (p = NS). Conclusions Patients with LBBB showed marked spatial non-uniformity of LA strains. Potentially, the excessive LA lateral wall strain amplitudes may stimulate atrial adverse remodelling. Future studies should investigate if abnormal LA strains may be a trigger mechanism for atrial fibrillation in patients with LBBB.

Retrograde ventriculoatrial jump-What is the mechanism?

During ventricular extra stimuli(VES) protocol a VA jump was noted. In upper panel with VES @ 500/270 ms (Fig A) the His signal appeared after the A-EGM, ruling out pure nodal VA conduction and confirming presence of an accessory pathway (AP). The H signal was delayed due to probable retrograde RBBB. The atrium was already depolarised via AP and the VA traversing via left bundle-His-node got blocked with a H signal. In the lower panel with VES of 500/260 ms the retrograde AP conduction reached the effective refractory period and pure nodal VA conduction took place along with retrograde RBBB. The retrograde VA jump was hence due to a jump from AP to AV node.

Surface Subsidence Characteristics of Mining Panel Layout Configuration with Multi-Seam Longwall Mining

Mining-induced subsidence is critical for ecological environment reconstruction and damage prevention in coal mining areas. Understanding the characteristics of surface subsidence with multi-seam mining is the first step. Surface subsidence of different mining panel layout configurations was investigated by means of UDEC numerical simulation. Based on the simulation results, it was indicated that mining panel layout configuration had a significant impact on surface subsidence, including ground surface subsidence, horizontal displacement, crack propagation, and ground surface fissure development. The overlapped region of the upper panel and the lower panel is the key region, where existing bedding separations and strata cracks close and activate, the integrity and strength of the interburden layer are reduced, and the subsidence magnitude is enhanced. The subsidence profile of the overlapped region for the stacked configuration, external staggered, the edge of the lower panel internal staggered, two edges of the lower panel internal staggered are steeper and deeper, and the corresponding values of ground surface subsidence and horizontal displacement are greater than other regions. The ground surface fissures with the types of stepped, slided, and graben developed on the ground surface above the edge of the mining panel, and the development location is closely related to the strata movement edge. Because of the support activities of the reserved coal pillar, the ground subsidence of the external staggered (internal staggered) of the upper panel with the coal pillar is slight. The external staggered (internal staggered) and external staggered (internal staggered) of the upper panel with the coal pillar can be selected as the preferred layout configuration. The proposed description of surface subsidence of different mining panel layout configurations can be applied in subsidence prediction.

Cover Image

Protein ScienceVolume 32, Issue 6 Cover ImageFree Access Cover Image First published: 12 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.4652AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Graphical Abstract Changes in the side-chain dynamics of two residues in TEM-1 β-lactamase, Tyr 105 and Arg 244, upon binding to FTA, an allosteric inhibitor. Janin plots, akin to Ramachandran plots, compare χ1 vs. χ2 side-chain dihedral angles. Upper panels, FTA binding substantially impacts the dynamics of Tyr 105, which lines the catalytic pocket and is essential for recognizing orthosteric ligands. Lower panels, Arg 244 also undergoes notable changes in side-chain conformational sampling upon FTA binding. For details, see: Erich Hellemann et al., Protein Science, 2023;32(4):e4622. https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.4622 Volume32, Issue6June 2023 RelatedInformation

Avian Energetics in a Warming Arctic

Photo 1. Little auks breed at remote sites in the High Arctic, with densely aggregated breeding colonies forming on rocky, sloped terrain, creating some challenges for fieldwork. Here, little auks at our Ukaleqarteq (Kap Höegh), East Greenland, study site rest on lichen-adorned rocks above nesting crevasses, with an excellent view. Far below, you can see the small, brick-red cabin (bottom right), which shelters teams during field campaigns funded by the French Polar Institute IPEV, as part of a long-term monitoring program. Especially in the face of climate change, little auks face considerable variation in sea ice conditions, which affects the availability of copepod prey. Note the open water—a low sea ice year. Photo credit: David Grémillet. Photo 2. How do you track the behavior and energy use of an animal when it flies or dives out of view? We use a number of advanced biologging approaches to monitor the movement, behavior, and energy expenditure of little auks as they move between the colony, foraging sites at sea, and even wintering grounds. These approaches include triaxial accelerometers (described in the accompanying Ecology publication), time-depth recorders, GPSs, and GLSs. Here, a little auk equipped with a time-depth recorder poses on a rock, with a full gular pouch, indicating that it anticipates feeding its chick. To the upper right, a GLS-equipped little auk takes wing, and to the left Jérôme Fort (project co-PI) releases a GLS bird. Photo credit: Jérôme Fort (main photo and right inset) and David Grémillet (left inset). Photo 3. Increased flight costs account for increased energy expenditure in low sea ice years, as little auks are forced to commute further to locate sea ice-associated prey. Here, little auks speckle the sky off the colony, with an iceberg in the background. Many of these birds are departing for the foraging grounds, while others may be returning from a foraging trip or circling the colony. Photo credit: Jérôme Fort. Photo 4. Warm times, cold times. Considerable variation in weather conditions can occur during the breeding season. To the top left, a pair of little auks faces the midnight sun with an open, ice-free sound glassily visible behind them. To the top right, a bird alights at the colony in falling snow. At bottom left, a little auk at the colony looks over vanishing sea ice. At bottom right, project co-PI David Grémillet, equipped with a rifle to dissuade approach of a polar bear, stands by the on-site weather station. Phot credit: David Grémillet (upper two and lower left panels) and Melissa Grunst (lower right panel). Photo 5. What is the purpose of modulating energy expenditure with fluctuating sea ice conditions? Very likely, to support reproductive success, which in the little auk means providing sufficient nutrients to a single chick. Here, a young little auk exercises its wings in preparation for its first flight. Photo credit: David Grémillet. These photographs illustrate the article, “A keystone predator faces elevated energy expenditure in a warming Arctic”, by Melissa L. Grunst, Andrea S. Grunst, David Grémillet, Akiko Kato, Paco Bustamante, Céline Albert, Émile Brisson-Curadeau, Manon Clairbaux, Marta Cruz-Flores, Sophie Gentès, Antoine Grissot, Samuel Perret, Eric Ste-Marie, Dariusz Jakubas, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, and Jérôme Fort, published in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4034.

Study on the Instability Mechanism of Coal and Rock Mining under a Residual Coal Pillar in Gently Inclined Short-Distance Coal Seam with the Discrete Element

The collapse of overlying rocks caused by the instability of residual coal pillars during lower coal seam mining significantly impacts its safety. This paper focuses on the gentle dipping coal seam group and utilizes the discrete element method (DEM) as the basis to comprehensively consider multiple factors through orthogonal experiments. In so doing it reveals the influence mechanisms of various factors on mining at a close distance under a residual coal pillar. Firstly, the process of lower coal seam mining under residual coal pillars in gently-dipping coal seams was simulated and analyzed based on a case study at the Baoping coal mine. Comparing the evolution characteristics of coal–rock fractures, stress changes, and displacement changes during the mining process reveals the mechanism of the joint instability of the lower coal seam, interlayer rock, coal pillars, and overlying strata under the disturbed conditions of lower panel mining. Secondly, an orthogonal simulation experiment was established using the width of the coal pillar and the thickness of the lower coal seam as variables. By comparing the development process of cracks, stress distribution, and rock displacement under different conditions, the research results indicate that the width of coal pillars has an impact on the maximum amount of coal pillar subsidence, while the thickness of the underlying coal seam has an impact on the time of subsidence, when hd ≥ 4.2 m (hj/hd ≤ 4) and w ≤ 14 m (w/hm ≤ 2), a large-scale collapse of the overlying strata of the coal pillar occurs.

Enhancement of Grid and Face Element Amendment in Aeroelasticity Analysis by Advanced Self-Adaptive Computing Method

This research presents a novel approach for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of aeroelasticity analysis through the combination of grid optimization and face element amendment techniques. The study focuses on improving the precision of a low order panel method by performing piecewise linear amendment based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) aerodynamic loads data under varying angles of attack. Additionally, the distribution of face element calculating grid is optimized using visual evoked potential estimation. The proposed method addresses the limitations of traditional panel methods that heavily rely on grid distribution and offers a more robust and accurate solution. The optimized grid not only maintains the computational efficiency of the panel method but also ensures closer approximation of wing stresses to CFD data, thus enhancing the precision and efficiency of aeroelasticity optimized iterative design processes. The results obtained from this research demonstrate effective compensation for the shortcomings of the panel method and a significant improvement in the computational efficiency of aerodynamic loading in the presence of changing structural stiff parameters.

Geology‐Climate Interactions are Key Determinants of Climate‐Change Refugia in Japanese Mountain Streams

Photo 1. Example of the confluence of a volcanic and nonvolcanic stream (left panel). The right panel is a thermal photograph of the confluence taken using a TVS-500 camera (Nippon Avionics Co., Ltd.) on September 17, 2019, where blue colors correspond to the cold water from the volcanic stream mixing with the warmer (orange) water from the nonvolcanic stream. Photo credit: Kenta Iwasaki. Photo 2. View of a volcanic stream, Ponnunobe stream, the Sorachi river, Hokkaido, Japan. The stream is located inside the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest. Many springs (top panels) occur in around the main channel (bottom panel). In this region, the mean summer water temperature of volcanic streams is 3°C colder than that of nonvolcanic streams on average. Photo credit: Yu Nagasaka. Photo 3. Wrinklehead sculpin (upper panel: Cottus nozawae) and Southern Asian Dolly Varden (lower panel: Salvelinus curilus) two major cold-water species in northern Japan. Their distribution is tightly restricted by summer water temperature. Photo credit: Yu Nagasaka (upper panel) and Chiharu Furusawa (lower panel). Photo 4. View of biotic and abiotic surveys in mountain streams, Japan. Macroinvertebrates (upper left panel) and fish (lower left panel) were collected once in each monitoring stream. Water loggers were installed with short sections of perforated PVC pipes to facilitate water exchange and shield them from sunlight (right panels). Photo credit: Jorge García Molinos. Photo 5. Dynamic changes in riverscapes at a monitoring site due to a large flood associated with Typhoon Hagibis, 2019 (before: upper panel, after: lower panel). Monitoring of water temperature in the Japanese archipelago is very challenging because of the many typhoons hitting the archipelago every summer season. Unfortunately, the temperature data of this site in 2019 was not available due to the loss of the logger. The yellow bridge at the upper-left corner of the picture offers a good visual reference to compare both pictures. Photo credit: Nobuo Ishiyama. These photographs illustrate the article “Underlying geology and climate interactively shape climate change refugia in mountain streams” by Ishiyama, N., Sueyoshi, M., García Molinos, J., Iwasaki, K., Negishi, J. N., Koizumi, I., Nagayama, S., Nagasaka, A., Nagasaka, Y. & Nakamura, F. published in Ecological Monographs. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1566

Evaluation of PVC-Type Insulation Foam Material for Cryogenic Applications

With the International Maritime Organization (IMO) reinforcing environmental regulations on the shipbuilding industry, the demand for fuels, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), has soared. Therefore, the demand for a Liquefied Gas Carrier for such LNG and LPG also increases. Recently, CCS carrier volume has been increasing, and damage to the lower CCS panel has occurred. To withstand liquefied gas loads, the CCSs should be fabricated using a material with improved mechanical strength and thermal performance compared with the conventional material. This study proposes a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-type foam as an alternative to commercial polyurethane foam (PUF). The former material functions as both insulation and a support structure primarily for the LNG-carrier CCS. To investigate the effectiveness of the PVC-type foam for a low-temperature liquefied gas storage system, various cryogenic tests, namely tensile, compressive, impact, and thermal conductivity, are conducted. The results illustrate that the PVC-type foam proves stronger than PUF in mechanical performance (compressive, impact) across all temperatures. In the tensile test, there are reductions in strength with PVC-type foam but it meets CCS requirements. Therefore, it can serve as insulation and improve the overall CCS mechanical strength against increased loads under cryogenic temperatures. Additionally, PVC-type foam can serve as an alternative to other materials in various cryogenic applications.

Abstract 64: Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposures, Individually and as a Mixture, Are Associated With Obesity Risk at 16-20 Years in the Project Viva Prospective Cohort: Implications for PFAS as Hazardous Substances for Developmental Health

Introduction: PFAS are obesogenic in adults, but findings on the associations between prenatal PFAS exposures and child obesity risk are inconsistent, and it is not clear if such associations extend up to mid- to late adolescence. We investigated the individual and joint associations of prenatal PFAS exposures with obesity risk at 16-20 years. Methods: In the prospective pre-birth cohort Project Viva, we measured PFAS in maternal plasma samples collected in the first trimester and child body mass index (BMI) at the mid-adolescent visit (median: 17.4y; range: 15.9-20.0y). We defined obesity as BMI ≥ 95 th percentile for age and sex based on the CDC Growth Charts. We used Poisson regression with robust variance estimates to examine associations of each PFAS, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to examine PFAS mixtures, with obesity. We adjusted for maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, race/ethnicity, parity, and smoking status during pregnancy. Results: Among 545 participants, 73 (13%) had a BMI in the obese range. Children with higher prenatal PFOS and PFNA exposures had a greater risk of obesity [relative risk = 1.59 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.11) per doubling of PFOS and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.98) per doubling of PFNA] in multivariable-adjusted models. In BKMR models, PFOS and PFNA were similarly associated with greater risk of obesity when accounting for co-exposures of other PFAS (Panel A) . There was an interaction between PFOS and PFOA: the positive association between PFOS and obesity was stronger when PFOA levels were lower (Panel B) , while there was a negative association between PFOA and obesity when PFOS levels were higher (Panel C) . Children with higher concentrations of the mixture PFAS had greater obesity risk in a dose-dependent fashion (Panel D) . Conclusions: Prenatal PFAS exposures may have long-lasting, intergenerational obesogenic effects. Our findings support the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s recent designation of PFAS as hazardous substances for human health, including developmental health.

Wind Resistance Performance of Large-Scale Glass Curtain Walls Supported by a High-Rise Building

A large-scale glass curtain wall (LGCW) attached to a high-rise building is analyzed using the finite element method to investigate the wind resistance performance of the LGCW with and without the high-rise building. The results show that without the high-rise building, the peak wind-induced response occurs in the center of each glass panel of the LGCW, and it gradually decreases away from the center towards the edges of each glass panel. When the high-rise building is included in the finite element model, the additional wind-induced response on the LGCW caused by the deformation of the high-rise building is large at the upper and lower glass panel edges, and gradually decreases toward the panel center. The high-rise building produces great effects on the displacements of the LGCW but weak effects on the stresses, where the peak displacement of the whole LGCW is increased by 40.5%. The influences of key structural parameters, including the lateral stiffness of the high-rise building and the connection stiffness between the large glass curtain wall and the high-rise building, on the wind resistance performance of the LGCW are further investigated. The results demonstrate that the smaller the lateral stiffness of the high-rise building is, the greater the additional responses caused by the deformation of the high-rise building on the LGCW are, and the greater the total load responses of the LGCW are. The smaller the connection stiffness between the LGCW and the high-rise building is, the greater the responses of the independent LGCW are, while the additional responses induced by the deformation of the high-rise building on the LGCW are not significant.

Effect of repeated impacts on the mechanical properties of nickel foam composite plate/AA5052 self-piercing riveted joints

Due to their good impact resistance, foam metal composite plates are widely used in the lightweight multi-structure design of cars, and nickel foam is one of the commonly used foam metals. In this paper, the nickel foam composite plates were manufactured, and the self-piercing riveting was used to join the nickel foam composite plates with AA5052 aluminum alloy. The impacts of different energies and times ont the joints were investigated, and the mechanical properties and failure forms of the impacted joints were analyzed. The results show that self-piercing riveting can realize the connection between the composite plate and AA5052 aluminum alloy, and the variation of impact force with displacement is different at various impact energies and times. The higher the impact energy, the deeper the damage to the joint. At 5 J, the impact times have no significant effect on the residual strength, while at 10 J and 15 J, the residual strength decreases with the increased impact times. The failures are all manifested by tearing the lower panel of the composite plate and the rivet head is pulled out from the composite plate, and the impacts do not affect the tensile failure forms of the joints. The aluminum alloy panel shows a ductile fracture, and mixed damage occurs for the adhesive layer.

Abstract TP105: Intra-individual Blood Pressure Variability For The Duration Of Hospitalization And Subsequent Clinical Outcome After First-ever Ischemic Stroke

Background: The association of in-hospital blood pressure variability (BPV) with readmission or survival after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have not been fully investigated. We evaluated the relationship between intra-individual systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability (SBPV) for the duration of hospitalization, mean SBP, maximal SBP reached and readmission-free survival, all-cause readmission, or all-cause mortality to one year after hospitalization for a new acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: We measured mean SBP, maximal SBP reached, and SBPV as quartiles of standard deviations (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) across a median of 16 SBP readings per patient, every 4 hours, for the duration of hospitalization in 862 patients (age (mean±SD) 75±15 years, 55% females) with AIS admitted from 2003 to 2018, followed-up to 2019. Results: At 1 year, readmission-free survival was 51%, readmission rate was 39%, and mortality was16%. The mean ± SD in mmHg for SBP 146±20, maximal SBP reached 163±26, SD 16±6, and CV 10±5. Adjusted hazard ratios for the highest vs. lowest quartiles of SD or CV were 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.04 - 1.81) or 1.29 (0.94 - 1.64) for readmission-free survival; 1.29 (0.9 - 1.78) or 1.29 (0.94 - 1.78) for readmission; 1.15 (0.71 - 1.87) or 0.86 (0.55 - 1.36) for mortality. The results remained consistent with mean SBP. However, maximal SBP was inversely associate with readmission-free survival. The accompanying figure shows Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of cumulative incidence of three outcomes by quartiles of SD (upper panel) and CV (lower panel) of SBP. Conculsions: Among patients hospitalized with a new AIS, higher in-hospital SBPV was associated with no decrease in readmission-free survival or increase in rates of readmission or mortality to 1 year. We recommend less emphasis on treating blood pressure and more focus on guideline-directed high-value care for the management AIS patients.

FEA of in-plane compression of aluminum alloy honeycomb panels

In this study, we investigated the aluminum alloy honeycomb panel and conducted a quantitative analysis. First, three kinds of honeycomb panels with different configurations were fabricated using resin materials using 3D printing technology. These honeycomb panels included the traditional honeycomb panel (Type 1), the wall middle column honeycomb panel (Type 2), and the wall end column honeycomb panel (Type 3). The results of the experiment showed that the maximum bearing capacity of the Type 3 panel increased from 28 to 34.7 kN, and the compressive performance of the Type 3 panel was better than the Type 1 panel. Finally, the numerical model was established and compared with the results of the experiment. The average error between the simulated and empirical results was only 3.366 %, which showed that the numerical model was valid. Three types of numerical models for the honeycomb panels were constructed based on the performances of aluminum alloy, and then, numerical analyses were performed to determine the lateral compression and eccentric compression. The results showed that the lateral compression of the wall end column honeycomb panel outperformed that of the traditional honeycomb plate. The thickness of the upper and lower panels of the beetle plate had the greatest influence on the lateral pressure-bearing capacity of the system. The panel thickness increased from 1 to 2.5 mm, the yield-bearing capacity increased by 2.44 times, and the maximum bearing capacity increased by 2.36 times. The results showed that the eccentric lateral compression performance of the wall end column honeycomb board improved significantly and was greater than that of a traditional honeycomb board. When the eccentric distance was 7 mm, the ultimate bearing capacity increased by 23 %. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of the honeycomb panel under lateral and eccentric compression were determined, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of this kind of aluminum alloy honeycomb panel in the field of engineering.

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Effectiveness in Rituximab-Treated Patients Affected by Pemphigus Vulgaris

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Effectiveness in Rituximab-Treated Patients Affected by Pemphigus Vulgaris

Exploring the importance of inclusion criteria beyond the color of skin: Improvement in facial redness in skin of color subjects—An open-label, single center clinical study utilizing low molecular weight heparan sulfate

To the Editor: The awareness of skin of color (SOC) in dermatology is expanding; however, a lack of diversity in dermatologic clinical trials persists,1Elston D.M. Letter from the editor: diversity and inclusion in clinical trials link to JAAD-D-21-03191.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022; 87: 981-982https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2022.05.041Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar especially considering the inclusion of African Americans/Blacks.2Okeke C.A.V. Bhayana M. Simmonds F.C. et al.Improving African American enrollment in hidradenitis suppurativa clinical trials: a clinical and research staff perspective.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; 85: AB47https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAD.2021.06.215Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Google Scholar,3Ferguson J.E. Vetos D. Ho B.V. et al.Trends in diversity of participants in dermatology clinical trials over time: a systematic review.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022; 86: 1403-1405https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAD.2021.05.052Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (0) Google Scholar This study provides evidence of how SOC can be excluded and/or underestimated for severity of symptoms because redness can be overlooked by visual examination. This open-label, single center clinical study assessing SOC using clinical grading and biophysical testing reveals the positive results and benefits of a daily regimen containing a patented low molecular weight heparan sulfate—heparan sulfate analog (HSA). This work highlights how SOC subjects, especially those with darker skin tones, may be omitted from study analyses due to visual clinical grading limitations. Twelve subjects, Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI (African American/Black [75%], American Indian or Alaska Native [16.7%], and Asian [8.3%]), were included in the intent-to-treat population. Subjects used HSA and cleanser twice per day (AM/PM) and sunscreen SPF 52 tinted or SPF 49 untinted at least once per day (AM). Clinical evaluations were conducted at visit 1 (baseline), visit 2 (week 2), and visit 3 (week 4). Subjects participated in the following procedures at each time point: clinical grading of efficacy parameters,4Griffiths C.E. Wang T.S. Hamilton T.A. Voorhees J.J. Ellis C.N. A photonumeric scale for the assessment of cutaneous photodamage.Arch Dermatol. 1992; 128: 347-351https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1992.01680130061006Crossref PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar tolerability evaluations, Mexameter measurements, VISIA-CR imaging, and self-assessment questionnaires. Another component of the study was to collect skin swabs, at baseline and week 4, to analyze the inflammatory markers IL-1α, IL-1RA, and PGE2. Notably, none of the SOC subjects qualified for the swab study because of the criteria of having visible moderate to severe facial redness. Although there was a decrease in local cutaneous global erythema at 4 weeks compared to baseline evaluated by signs and symptoms of clinically graded facial redness (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/6bw7rjn2db.1, upper panel), this was not as apparent as the decrease in facial redness captured by bioinstrumentation measurements (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/6bw7rjn2db.1, middle panel). The HSA regimen resulted in true reduction in redness as assessed by the Mexameter measurements (2.2% decrease in melanin, 5.6% decrease in hemoglobin) (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/6bw7rjn2db.1, middle panel) indicating an improvement in erythema/facial redness at 4 weeks compared to baseline that was not captured to the same extent by visible clinical grading. This resulted in exclusion of these individuals from the inflammatory marker assessment due to the lack of apparent moderate to severe facial erythema by visible clinical grading. The self-assessment questionnaire and tolerability evaluations (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/6bw7rjn2db.1, lower panel) revealed the regimen did not cause cutaneous irritation and was highly favorable among subjects. The HSA regimen tested substantially improved redness in SOC (Fig 1 and Supplementary Fig 2, available via Mendeley at https://doi.org/10.17632/tjxzcpjycp.1). However, due to visible grading inclusion criteria, these subjects were excluded from any analysis to correlate the reduction in redness to reduced inflammation. This highlights the critical need for careful consideration and evaluation of the various cutaneous presentations in SOC to ensure that underlying redness and potential inflammation are not overlooked in this population. The use of biophysical testing and visible grading promotes the inclusion and retention of SOC in clinical studies. Such actions will prevent explicit and unconscious biases, ensuring medical grade skin care products are generalizable to all. ASB is a consultant for Senté, Inc. ES-O, VDC, and DO have participated in Advisory Boards for Senté, Inc. SH and CAVO have no conflicts of interest to declare. We kindly thank all study participants. Also, we would like to thank Tanya Rhodes, PhD for her critical review of the manuscript and feedback. The clinical study (SGS Stephens Study Number: C21-P009) was conducted by SGS Stephens, Inc, Phoenix Research Center (2421 West Peoria Ave, Suite 124 Phoenix, AZ 85029).

Donor-specific antibodies after heart transplantation for Fontan-associated protein-losing enteropathy.

Despite ubiquitous exposure to sensitizing events, most Fontan PLE patients have low panel reactive antibodies (PRA). To assess whether they are at risk for donor-specific antibody (DSA) memory response following heart transplantation (HT) when their PLE resolves, DSA profiles, incidence of rejection, and graft outcomes in Fontan recipients with and without PLE were compared. Patient characteristics, appearance of newly detected DSA (nDSA), and graft outcomes were compared between patients with and without PLE using Wilcoxon rank-sum and Chi-squared tests. DSA burden was quantified using titers and time to nDSA, incidence of rejection, and graft outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. Characteristics of patients with and without PLE were similar. Lymphocyte and albumin levels were lower in the PLE group, and flow PRA were comparable. Graft failure, CAV, and ACR were similar between the two groups, but AMR occurred more frequently in the PLE group (p=.03). Nearly 50% of PLE patients experienced class II nDSA by 1-year post-HT, compared to 30% of non-PLE patients, but this difference was statistically not significant. Antibody burden did not differ between groups. In this cohort, PLE was associated with AMR within the first-year post-HT, despite no significant difference in nDSA. Small patient numbers limited statistical comparison of nDSA in this cohort. PLE may be a risk factor for AMR post-HT, and the possibility of a clinically important DSA memory response remains. Larger studies are necessary to better understand these preliminary findings.