Low Mindfulness Research Articles

The Relationship Among Trait Mindfulness, Attention, and Working Memory in Junior School Students Under Different Stressful Situations.

Attention and working memory are important cognitive functions that affect junior school students’ learning ability and academic performance. This study aimed to explore the relationships among trait mindfulness, attention, and working memory and to explore differences in performance between a high trait mindfulness group and a low one in attention and working memory under different stressful situations. In study 1, 216 junior school students completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and their attention and working memory were tested in a non-pressure situation. The results showed that attention had a partial mediating effect between mindfulness and working memory. In study 2, the high trait mindfulness group and the low one were tested for attention and working memory under situations with single and multiple pressures. One notable result was that the attention and working memory performances of the high mindfulness group were all significantly higher than those of the low mindfulness group in every stress situation (no stress, single stress, and multiple stresses). Other important results were that trait mindfulness moderates the relationship between stress and attention and between stress and working memory. These results suggest that trait mindfulness has a protective effect in the process by which various stresses affect attention and working memory. These findings indicate that trait mindfulness is an important psychological quality that affects the attention and working memory of junior school students, and it is also an important psychological resource for effectively coping with the impact of stress on attention and working memory. Therefore, it is possible that improving trait mindfulness may help to improve junior school students’ attention and working memory and enable them to cope better with stress, thereby helping to improve academic performance. This research is of great significance for understanding the association between key psychological qualities and cognitive functions in different stressful situations. These findings also provide insight for future studies in educational psychology.

The relation between mindfulness and perceived partner responsiveness during couples' vulnerability discussions.

Intimacy develops when a person discloses vulnerability and perceives their partner's response as supportive. However, a published experimental study found that individuals report their partners as less supportive in response to disclosures of specific examples of vulnerability that involve the partner (i.e., partner-inclusive) compared to disclosures that do not involve the partner (i.e., partner-exclusive). This research is an extension of findings from that experimental study and examines how individual differences in mindfulness and disclosure specificity are associated with perceived partner responsiveness during disclosures of partner-inclusive and partner-exclusive vulnerabilities. Cohabiting couples (N = 82) were randomly assigned to engage in either partner-inclusive or -exclusive vulnerability discussions. Each couple engaged in 2 video-recorded discussions so that each person took a turn as discloser and responder. Trained coders rated disclosures for specificity (i.e., whether or not the discloser used specific examples). Following each discussion, couples rated perceived partner responsiveness. Hypotheses were tested with multilevel modeling. Findings suggest that individuals perceived their partners' reactions as less responsive when they disclosed specific, partner-inclusive vulnerabilities and their partners had lower mindfulness. When partners had higher mindfulness, individuals perceived their partners as similarly responsive when disclosing partner-inclusive and -exclusive vulnerabilities, regardless of specificity. Mindfulness may enable couples to remain engaged during partner-inclusive vulnerability discussions leading to higher perceived responsiveness-an integral component of intimacy development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Brief mindfulness-based training and mindfulness trait attenuate psychological stress in university students: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPsychological distress in University settings has grown and became a public health concern. In this context, contemplative practices such as mindfulness have been proposed as a strategy to help students on stress management.MethodsForty university students (20 female), aged between 18 to 30 years (mean = 24.15; SD = 3.56), with no previous experience with meditation or yoga were recruited at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and randomized to a mindfulness training (MT) or active control (AC) groups. We analyzed measures of anxiety, affect, stress, as well as state and trait mindfulness in order to evaluate the effects of trait mindfulness and a brief mindfulness intervention in forty healthy young students. Participants were classified as Low (n = 27, females = 13) or High (n = 13, females = 7) Trait Mindfulness by k-means clustering and compared between them using Wilcoxon sum rank test. Furthermore, the sample was randomly allocated to an AC (n = 20, females = 10) or a MT (n = 20, females = 10) group, and mixed analysis of variance was performed to analyze the effect of interventions. The mechanisms and role of trait mindfulness in the intervention was assessed by a moderated mediation analysis.ResultsWe found that High Trait individuals have lower anxiety trait, anxiety state and perceived stress levels. Only the MT group reduced their anxiety state and perceived stress after the intervention and increased their state mindfulness. Both groups reduced negative affect and cortisol, and no change was found in positive affect. Moderated mediation analysis showed that the training-induced change in state mindfulness mediated the increase in positive affect and the decrease in perceived stress and cortisol, regardless of trait mindfulness. For anxiety state the decrease only occurred in individuals with High Trait Mindfulness.ConclusionsTogether, these results suggest that higher trait mindfulness is associated with low levels of psychological distress and that a brief mindfulness-based intervention seems to be useful to reduce distress measures in university students.Trial registrationReBEC, U1111-1194-8661. Registered 28 March 2017—Retrospectively registered, http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-7b8yh8

The Impact of Islamic Counseling Intervention towards Students’ Mindfulness and Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The pandemic caused by the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has had psychological and health impacts on people's lives around the world. On a psychological aspect, this pandemic has caused anxiety due to low mindfulness. To increase the potential of mindfulness, one of the ways taken is by counselor psychological intervention. The authors used an Islamic counseling approach to reduce anxiety and increase mindfulness. Therefore, the research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control group design. Participants in this study were 14 students consisting of 7 students for each experimental and control group. Participants were invited after filling self-report the anxiety scale facing COVID-19 and indicated that they were in the high category. The data analyzed with the Wilcoxon sign rank test to determine the impact of before and after the intervention was given, then used the Mann Whitney to find out the mean differences between the experimental and control group, and the Rank Spearman to determine the correlation between mindfulness and anxiety. The results showed that Islamic counseling intervention is effective to increase mindfulness which impacted on reducing anxiety in facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the results of correlation analysis using the Rank Spearman show that there is a correlation between mindfulness and anxiety.

The Influence of Harsh Parenting on Middle School Students’ Learning Engagement: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Self-Efficacy in Managing Negative Affect and the Moderating Effect of Mindfulness

Objectives: In previous studies, there was still a lack of discussion on the impact mechanism of harsh parenting on learning engagement. This study discussed the mediating role of perceived self-efficacy in managing negative affect (NEG) between harsh parenting and learning engagement according to the Development-in-Sociocultural-Context Model for Children’s Engagement in Learning, and investigated the moderating role of mindfulness between them. Methods: A total of 742 junior middle school students were tested by Harsh Parenting Questionnaire, The Scale of Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-student and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale. Results: 1) Harsh parenting negatively predicts learning engagement; 2) NEG plays a mediating role between harsh parenting and learning engagement; 3) Mindfulness can moderate the relationship between harsh parenting and learning engagement. Specifically, compared with low mindfulness individuals, harsh parenting has a stronger negative predictive effect on learning engagement of high mindfulness individuals. Mindfulness is a vulnerable factor of stress in the influence of harsh parenting on learning engagement. Conclusions: Harsh parenting can reduce individual learning engagement by damaging NEG, and the protective effect of mindfulness on learning engagement of harsh parented individuals is limited.

The Effects of Situational Peers and Support Groups on the Well-Being of Grandmothers Raising Grandchildren

Grandmothers raising their grandchildren face not only the demands of parenting, but the added burden of parenting a child they did not expect to raise. Similarly, grandmothers living in multigenerational households need to balance expectations and household/caregiving tasks across the generations. As part of a nationwide RCT designed to lessen the stress associated with the caregiving burden of raising grandchildren, we asked 342 grandmothers raising their grandchildren about their engagement with support groups and whether their social network included other grandfamilies. Here, we examine the effect of situational peers and support group engagement on grandmother’s stress, reward, social support, mental health, mindfulness, and resourcefulness. Of our sample, 53.8% (N=184) reported belonging to a support group. The majority of participants (138) belonged to online support groups on Facebook, 41 reported participating in in-person support groups, 3 belonged to both in-person and online support groups, and 8 did not respond. When asked whether and how well our participants knew other families like theirs, 31% (106) said they did not know any, 40.6% (139) knew of at least one, but not well, and 28.4% (97) said they had at least one friend with a family like her own. Knowing other families like their own affected self-appraised stress, but no other outcomes. Grandmothers participating in support groups had lower mindfulness scores, higher stress, and worse mental health scores than grandmothers not participating in support groups, possibly reflecting the higher need for support among those participants.

Consumer mindfulness and impulse buying behavior: testing moderator effects of hedonic shopping value and mood

Given the limited quantity of studies within the literature, this study investigates the moderator role of hedonic shopping value and mood in the relationship between consumer mindfulness and impulse buying behavior. The study is quantitative and descriptive and using a convenient sampling method, 223 online questionnaires were obtained in Samsun, Trabzon, and İstanbul. The responses collected from a close-ended questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was tested at Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS.The findings of the study indicated that consumers with mindfulness exhibit negative impulse buying behavior. Although the study results reveal that hedonic shopping value has a moderator role in the relationship between consumers with low mindfulness and their impulse buying behavior, the moderator role of hedonic shopping value in the relationship between consumers with high mindfulness and impulse buying behavior is not proved. Besides, it is found that consumers’ positive and negative moods have not a moderator role in the relationship between mindfulness and impulse buying behavior. From this viewpoint, the study’s result will provide practitioners and academicians to understand the impulse buying behavior patterns of consumers with mindfulness.

Differences in frontal EEG asymmetry during emotion regulation between high and low mindfulness adolescents

The present study examined the differences in frontal EEG asymmetry during emotion regulation between participants who had different levels of trait mindfulness. EEG recordings were taken from 23 high mindfulness adolescents (Mage = 12.34) and 22 low mindfulness adolescents (Mage = 12.53) during the Reactivity and Regulation-Image Task. The results showed that (1) high mindfulness adolescents had greater left (relative to right) asymmetry than low mindfulness adolescents in down-regulation and up-regulation conditions; however, there was no significant difference in the non-regulation condition; (2) In the up-regulating condition, adolescents showed greater right (relative to left) asymmetry for negative stimuli compared to neutral stimuli; however, there was no significant difference in down-regulation and non-regulation conditions. The results provide neurological evidence that trait mindfulness was highly related to the regulation of emotions and affects how emotions are processed.

StudiCare mindfulness\u2014study protocol of a randomized controlled trial evaluating an internet- and mobile-based intervention for college students with no and \u201con demand\u201d guidance

BackgroundCollege is an exciting but also challenging time with an increased risk for mental health issues. Only a minority of the college students concerned get professional help, a problem that might be improvable by internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs). However, adherence of IMIs is a concern. While guidance might be a solution, it is resource-intensive, derailing potential implementation on population level. The first aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of the IMI StudiCare Mindfulness (StudiCare-M) for college students with “on demand” and no guidance. The second aim is to examine potential moderators and mediators, contributing to the questions of “how” and “for whom” such interventions work.MethodsIn this three-armed randomized controlled trial, both an unguided and “guidance on demand” (GoD) condition of StudiCare-M are compared to a waitlist control group. StudiCare-M is based on principles of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress management and consists of 7 modules plus two booster sessions. Participants in the GoD condition may ask their e-coach for support whenever needed. A total of 387 college students with moderate to low mindfulness are recruited at 15+ cooperating universities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland via circular emails. Assessments take place before as well as 1, 2, and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome is mindfulness. Secondary outcomes include stress, depression, anxiety, interoception, presenteeism, wellbeing, intervention satisfaction, adherence, and potential side effects. Among examined moderators and mediators are sociodemographic variables, pre-treatment symptomatology, treatment expectancy, self-efficacy, cognitive fusion, emotion regulation, and alexithymia. All data will be analyzed according to intention-to-treat (ITT) principles.DiscussionProviding effective interventions to help college students become more resilient can make a valuable contribution to the health and functionality of future society. If effective under the condition of minimal or no guidance, StudiCare-M offers a low-threshold potentially resource-efficient possibility to enhance college student mental health on a population level. Moderation- and mediation analyses will deliver further insights for optimization of target groups and intervention content.Trial registrationWHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Clinical Studies Trial Register DRKS00014774. Registered on 18 May 2018.

Self-critical perfectionism and lower mindfulness and self-compassion predict anxious and depressive symptoms over two years

This study of 124 community adults examined whether perfectionism interacts with mindfulness and self-compassion to predict anxiety and depressive symptoms over two years. Participants completed measures of self-critical (SC) and personal standards (PS) higher-order dimensions of perfectionism at Time 1; mindfulness and self-compassion domains and facets at Time 2 one year later; and general distress (i.e., shared between depression and anxiety), anxious arousal, and anhedonic depressive symptoms at Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3 two years after baseline. In contrast to PS, SC perfectionism was associated with lower mindfulness and self-compassion domains and facets. Hierarchical regression analyses of moderator effects demonstrated that individuals with higher Time 1 SC perfectionism and lower Time 2 domain mindfulness or self-compassion had higher Time 3 general distress symptoms than others, adjusting for the effects of Time 1 and Time 2 symptoms. SC perfectionism also interacted with specific facets of mindfulness (i.e., observing, nonreactivity) and self-compassion (i.e., self-kindness, mindfulness, over-identification) to predict Time 3 general distress and/or anxious arousal symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of fostering mindfulness and self-compassion to reduce vulnerability to anxious and depressive symptoms in individuals with higher SC perfectionism.

Fear of COVID-19, Mindfulness, Humor, and Hopelessness: A Multiple Mediation Analysis

Hopelessness is an important vulnerability factor for depressive symptomology and suicidal ideations. It may also play an important role in the fear of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the present study tested the mediating role of mindful awareness and humor (both identified as coping strategies for dealing with stressful situations) in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and hopelessness. Participants comprised 786 Turkish individuals (562 females and 224 males; aged between 18 and 67 years) from 71 of 81 cities in Turkey. An online convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants. Participants completed surveys including the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Coping Humor Scale. The model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) and utilizing bootstrapping. The results of SEM showed that the effect of fear of COVID-19 on hopelessness was partly mediated by mindfulness and humor, and which was supported by bootstrapping. Therefore, higher fear of COVID-19 was associated with lower mindfulness and humor. In turn, lower mindfulness and humor were related with higher hopelessness. Findings are discussed in the context of COVID-19 and the hopelessness literature, and practical implications for counselors are also provided.

Abstract 16569: Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Women With Myocardial Infarction: Mindfulness and Rumination

Introduction: Depression is associated with adverse health outcomes in women with myocardial infarction (MI). Little is known about modifiable psychosocial risk factors for depression in this population. We analyzed baseline data from an ongoing multicenter clinical trial to test the hypothesis that depressive symptom severity is associated with low mindfulness and high rumination, two psychosocial factors targeted by the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program being tested. Methods: Women with MI reporting elevated stress levels ≥2 months post-MI are eligible for the trial. Participants complete baseline measures including demographics, medical history and validated measures of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire [FFMQ]), rumination (Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire [RRQ]) and disease-specific quality of life (Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ-7]). Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression were used to identify correlates of baseline depressive symptoms. Results: The 127 participants had a mean age of 60.0 years (SD=12.8); 33.1% were racial or ethnic minorities and 16.5% were participating in cardiac rehabilitation. The mean PHQ-9 score was 7.5 (SD=4.7), 31.5% of participants had elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥10) and 23.6% were taking antidepressant medication. In univariate analyses, higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher rumination (r=.412, p<.001) and lower mindfulness (r=-.370, p<.001). In multivariable analysis, higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher rumination (B=.253, p=.005), financial strain (B=.180, p=.02), lower SAQ score (B=-.269, p=.001) and use of antidepressant medication (B=.283, p<.001). Mindfulness, age, race/ethnicity, marital status and cardiac rehab were not associated. Conclusions: About one-third of women reported clinically significant depressive symptoms after acute recovery from MI. Higher depressive symptoms were independently associated with higher levels of rumination. Future analyses will test whether hypothesized effects of MBCT on depression in post-MI women are mediated by reductions in negative thought patterns.

Symptom experiences in post-treatment cancer survivors: associations with acceptance and commitment therapy constructs.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has improved symptom and quality-of-life outcomes in pilot research with post-treatment cancer survivors. To further test the ACT model, the present study examined relationships between ACT constructs and subgroups of post-treatment survivors based on the severity of common symptoms. Survivors who had completed primary treatment for stage I or II cancer (N = 203) participated in this one-time survey. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of survivors based on the severity of fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Multinomial logistic regressions employing Vermunt's 3-step approach were used to examine ACT constructs (e.g., mindfulness, acceptance, values progress) as correlates of survivor subgroups based on symptoms. The LCA showed three survivor classes: (1) mild-to-moderate levels of all symptoms except for normal pain intensity; (2) mild anxiety, moderate fatigue, and normal levels of all other symptoms; and (3) normal levels of all symptoms. Lower mindfulness, acceptance, and values progress and higher cognitive fusion, psychological inflexibility, and values obstruction were associated with a greater likelihood of being in class 1 or 2 than in class 3. Findings are consistent with the ACT model. Survivors with greater symptom burden reported greater withdrawal from personally meaningful activities and less acceptance of their cancer diagnosis and internal experiences (e.g., thoughts, feelings, symptoms). Findings provide strong justification for further testing of ACT to reduce symptom-related suffering in cancer survivors.

Out of Body, Loss of Self: Spiritual or Scary?

The main aim of the present study is to investigate when “loss of self” results in scaredness or anxiety during or after an out-of body-experience (OBE). An OBE is an intense form of (bodily) self loss in which people have the impression that their self is located outside their body. In a sample of respondents reporting to have had an OBE (n = 171), anxiety and different conceptualizations of “self loss” were assessed. In addition, questions were asked about meaning making processes after the OBE. Results show that there was no relationship between anxiety and self loss with a relational component (i.e., mystical experiences, positive spiritual experiences). However, there was significantly more anxiety in respondents who (1) (have) experience(d) ego loss/deconstruction, (2) have difficulties to (re)turn their attention to an internal bodily state (low mindfulness) and/or (3) experience a lack of self-concept clarity. Respondents who did not succeed in making sense of their OBE experience more anxiety, more ego loss/deconstruction, lower mindfulness and higher self-unclarity. Finally, the article examines how respondents explain their OBE (by using, for instance, medical, spiritual or psychological explanations) and how and why respondents do (not) succeed in making sense of the OBE.

Mindfulness disposicional, espiritualidad y religión y su papel como factores protectores del consumo de sustancias en adolescentes mexicanos

Introducción: Los adolescentes son particularmente vulnerables a conductas de riesgo, como el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales), lo que puede conducir a otros trastornos a lo largo de la vida. A medida que el consumo de sustancias ha aumentado a través de los años, es importante la integración de nuevas perspectivas en la cultura de la prevención y el cuidado en la juventud y la población general. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las relaciones entre mindfulness disposicional, espiritualidad y religión, y su papel como factores protectores del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes, además de analizar las diferencias en las puntuaciones de mindfulness y espiritualidad entre consumidores y no consumidores de sustancias, y entre los diferentes grupos religiosos/espirituales.Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, donde se evaluó a 433 adolescentes estudiantes de nivel medio superior de entre 14 y 19 años (Media = 16.27 ± .91). Se ejecutaron pruebas de correlación estadística para evaluar la relación entre las variables, además de las pruebas t de Student y ANOVA unidireccional para explorar las diferencias en las puntuaciones de mindfulness y espiritualidad entre los grupos de consumidores y no consumidores de sustancias, y entre los grupos religiosos/espirituales, respectivamente. Finalmente, por medio de un análisis de regresión logística binaria, se evaluó el grado de predicción de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas.Resultados: La muestra reportó mayor consumo de sustancias psicoactivas a comparación de la última encuesta nacional. El mindfulness disposicional se correlacionó de manera positiva con la espiritualidad y la religión, y de manera inversa con el consumo de sustancias, con una fuerza de leve a moderada. Además, los individuos que consumían sustancias psicoactivas tenían puntuaciones significativamente menores en mindfulness a quienes nunca habían consumido en absoluto, pero no se encontraron diferencias con respecto a las puntuaciones de espiritualidad. Las puntuaciones en mindfulness y espiritualidad fueron significativamente mayores en quienes pertenecían formalmente a una religión. Finalmente, la pertenencia a una religión, seguida del mindfulness disposicional fueron las mejores variables predictoras como factor de protección de consumo de alcohol y drogas, mientras que la espiritualidad no fue una variable que contribuía significativamente a los modelos y por lo tanto fue eliminada.Discusión o Conclusión: El mindfulness disposicional, la espiritualidad y la religión son variables relacionadas entre sí. La pertenencia a la religión y el mindfulness disposicional podrían ser un mejores factor protector ante el consumo de sustancias en adolescentes que la espiritualidad. El mindfulness disposicional, además, fue mayor en quienes practicaban formalmente una religión. Finamente, el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas podría alterar las habilidades relacionadas con el mindfulness, pero es necesaria más investigación que pueda complementar y esclarecer estos resultados en población mexicana.

Basic psychological needs, more than mindfulness and resilience, relate to medical student stress: A case for shifting the focus of wellness curricula

Purpose Medical student distress is an increasing concern in medical education. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive understanding of what factors influence learners’ stress in medical school. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study explores the relative association between medical students’ mindfulness, resilience, basic psychological needs, and perceived stress. Materials and methods: Of all year 1–4 medical students at our institution, 197 (49%) completed an online survey, measuring satisfaction and frustration of their basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness), mindfulness, resilience, and perceived stress. Variables were assessed in relation to perceived stress, controlling for students’ gender and year. Results Higher mindfulness, resilience, and need satisfaction were associated with lower perceived stress. Conversely, need frustration was associated with higher perceived stress. When students' need frustration was included in the model, the association between mindfulness, resilience, and perceived stress weakened. Third years reported more autonomy frustration than all other years. Compared to males, females in second and fourth year reported higher stress, lower mindfulness and resilience, and less competence fulfilment. Conclusions Findings of this study suggest that, while mindfulness and resilience are important qualities for medical student well-being, their stress-protective benefits may diminish when students’ basic psychological needs are frustrated in medical school. Addressing potentially need-thwarting aspects of the learning environment is therefore recommended, to help reduce student stress and promote their well-being. Preliminary suggestions on how this might be achieved are discussed, from an SDT perspective.

7. ASSOCIATION OF SELF-REPORTED QUALITY OF CARE MEASURES AND BURNOUT: AN INVESTIGATION FROM THE PEDIATRIC RESIDENT BURNOUT-RESILIENCE STUDY CONSORTIUM

Background The Pediatric Resident Burnout-Resilience Study Consortium (PRB-RSC), established in 2015, is committed to studying the epidemiology, natural history, and impact of interventions designed to address burnout and improve resilience in pediatric residents. Annual surveys demonstrate a prevalence of burnout of 40-55% over the last 4 years. Previous regional work has shown an association between resident burnout and sub-optimal patient care. Design/Methods The PRB-RSC distributed the annual survey to pediatric residents in participating programs in the spring of 2019. Data was de-identified, collected and maintained by the Association of Pediatric Program Directors’ Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network. Residents were classified as burned out on the basis of a 2-item screen for emotional exhaustion/depersonalization. An ordinal mixed effects generalized additive model regression was used to examine the effect of burnout on reported quality of care behaviors. For the ten behaviors queried, perceived stress scale (PSS), cognitive and affective mindfulness scale (CAMSR), and overall quality of life score (QOL) were compared between those with recent ( 12 months) poor quality behaviors reported. Results A total of 46 pediatric programs participated in the 2019 PRB-RSC survey, with an overall response rate of 62% (n=1648). The recency of reported sub-optimal behaviors between those with and without burnout is shown in the Figure. After controlling for training year, age, male gender, white race, program size and region, and clustering of learners in programs, each p-value is Conclusion(s) In this national survey, pediatric resident burnout is associated with sub-optimal care delivery, while recent experience with sub-optimal care is associated with higher stress, lower mindfulness, and decreased overall QOL.

Dual mechanisms of cognitive control in mindful individuals.

Not much research has adopted a multicomponent approach to examine the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive control. Studies addressing this issue have produced mixed results that may be due to the incorporation of different questionnaires to assess mindfulness and to the assessment of different stages and types of mindfulness itself. In the present study, we aimed to investigate to which extent dispositional mindfulness relates to a dynamic use of control modes as understood from the dual mechanisms of control theory. Further, we aimed to test this hypothesis by including two different frequently used mindfulness questionnaires in order to explore their confluence. Hundred thirty young adults completed two well-established assessment tools of mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire) and two well-validated experimental tasks measuring proactive/reactive control modes (AX-Continuous Performance Task and Cued Task-Switching Paradigm). The data analyses were performed considering the continuous values in multiple regression analyses, as it is thought to better capture individual differences. The results replicate the previous findings suggesting that mindful individuals tend to use proactive and reactive control in a balanced manner in comparison to low mindfulness individuals, who tend to rely more on proactive control. Moreover, mindful individuals showed greater flexibility when the two processing modes were available. Hence, the major effects were found by using the two questionnaires. Altogether our findings indicate that mindful individuals, who have been characterized by an enhanced focus on the present moment without judgment, are less attached to the previous contextual information, which allows them to exhibit a more flexible performance.

القدرة التنبؤية لليقظة العقلية بالتنظيم الانفعالي لدى طلاب الجامعة( دراسة سيکومترية – کلينيکية )

البحث إلى الکشف عن اسهامات اليقظة العقلية (الأبعاد – الدرجة الکلية) في التنبؤ بالتنظيم الانفعالي لدى طلاب الجامعة، بالإضافة إلى الکشف عن ديناميات الشخصية المميزة لکل من مرتفعي ومنخفضي اليقظة العقلية وتحقيقا لهذا الهدف أجرى البحث على عينة قوامها(219) طالبا وطالبة من طلاب جامعة الزقازيق تتراوح أعمارهم ما بين (19-22) عاما بمتوسط عمري (59,20) وإنحراف معياري (077,1). وبعد تطبيق مقياس لليقظة العقلية Mindfulness Scale ومقياس التنظيم الانفعالي Regulation Scale واستمارة المقابلة الکلينيکية، وإختبار ساکس لتکملة الجمل. أسفرت أهم النتائج عن:- أن أبعاد اليقظة العقلية مجتمعة ( باللحظة الحالية +القبول ) ساهمت في التنبؤ ببعد التنظيم الانفعالي الوظيفي الداخلي، أما عن التصرف الواعي فقد ساهم منفردا في التنبؤ ببعد التنظيم الانفعالي الوظيفي الخارجي فى حين لم يسهم بعد القبول بذلک ، هذا بالاضافة الى إختلاف الديناميات الشخصية لمنخفضي اليقظة العقلية عن مرتفعي اليقظة العقلية من طلاب تنظيم The predictive ability of Mindfulness in determining The Emotion Regulation of university students The research aimed to reveal the contributions of Mindfulness (dimensions - total score) in predicting Emotional Regulation among university students, in addition to revealing the distinct personality dynamics of both high and low Mindfulness. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted on a sample of (219) male and female students in Zagazig University aged between (19-22) years old, with an average age of (20.59) and a standard deviation of (1.077). The research applied the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale, Emotion Regulation Scale, clinical interview form and the Sachs test to complete sentences. The most important results were that the combined dimensions of Mindfulness (The assessment of the present moment awareness + acceptance) contributed to predicting the dimensions of the internal functional emotional regulation, while the present moment awareness contributed solely in predicting the dimension of the external functional emotional regulation, whereas acceptance was not indicative. The research also revealed that the personal dynamics of university students with low Mindfulness differed from those of high Mindfulness.

Associations Between Gender, Resiliency Factors, and Anxiety in Neuro-ICU Caregivers: a Prospective Study.

Informal caregivers of patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit (Neuro-ICU) are at risk for developing chronic anxiety. Resiliency factors may reduce risk, yet their differential effects for female and male caregivers have not been studied in this population. We aim to examine interactions between gender and baseline resiliency factors and anxiety at baseline, 3months, and 6months. Prospectively studied caregivers (N = 96) of patients admitted to the Neuro-ICU completed baseline sociodemographics and resiliency measures (coping, mindfulness, self-efficacy, intimate care, and caregiver preparedness), and anxiety severity at baseline (hospitalization), 3months, and 6months. Baseline anxiety predicted future anxiety (3 and 6months). Caregivers who reported high (versus low) baseline coping, mindfulness, self-efficacy, and preparedness for caregiving reported lower baseline anxiety (ps ≤ 0.012). An interaction between caregiver gender and baseline mindfulness was seen at 3months (p = 0.021), with high mindfulness males reporting lower anxiety than high mindfulness females, and low mindfulness males reporting higher anxiety than low mindfulness females. Results emphasize the protective role of resilience in the trajectory of anxiety among informal caregivers. Findings emphasize the need to rapidly deploy skills-based treatment to Neuro-ICU caregivers to prevent future development and maintenance of anxiety, specifically emphasizing mindfulness in male caregivers.