Low Micronutrient Intakes Research Articles

Assessing nutritional adequacy ratios in women with and without binge eating disorder: a comprehensive evaluation

BackgroundsBing eating disorder (BED) has been associated with a number of health problems. Remarkably little research has been done to measure dietary intake in people who suffer from binge eating disorder. This study aimed to compare the dietary intake and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) between BED individuals and those without BED and also to investigate the association between BED and NAR.MethodsIn this cross- sectional study, 180 overweight and obese females who aged between 19 and 50 years old and with BMI between 25 and 40 kg/m2 were interviewed. The women were categorized into BED and non- BED groups based on their earned score in Binge Eating Scale (BES) questionnaire. Nutritional adequacy ratio was assessed as Micronutrient adequacy ratio, Macronutrient adequacy ratio and total adequacy ratio (the sum of the previous two) based on last year’s dietary intakes collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The odds of binge eating disorder across the nutritional adequacy scores were assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.ResultsAbout 41.6% (n = 75) of the subjects were diagnosed with BED. Carbohydrate, saturated fats, sugar levels were significantly higher in women with BED compared to non-BED women (P < 0.05). All vitamins, with the exception of Retinol, and all minerals’ levels were significantly lower in BED participants (P < 0.05). Micronutrient adequacy score and total adequacy score differed significantly between individuals with and without BED (P < 0.001) and non- BED group were significantly more nutritional adequate. The odds of having BED were lower in micronutrient, macronutrient adequate individuals (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78–0.98, P = 0.02), (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66–0.99, P = 0.049) respectively.ConclusionOverall, the results demonstrate low intake of key micronutrients and high intake of saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates among binge sufferers. Also, the findings indicate that individuals with BED experience a notably lower nutrient adequacy ratio compared to their peers without the disorder, suggesting that the eating behaviors associated with BED such as high consumption of processed foods and diet with low quality may lead to inadequate intake of vital nutrients.

Social isolation, loneliness and low dietary micronutrient intake amongst older people in England.

Social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes at older ages. This study evaluated whether isolation and loneliness are related to inadequate intake of micronutrients in the diet. We tested associations between social isolation and loneliness and dietary micronutrient intake 2 years later in 3713 men and women (mean age 68.26, standard deviation 7.81years) who completed two online 24-h dietary recalls. Associations of isolation and loneliness with intake of nine minerals and vitamins that fell below national recommendations were tested using logistic regressions, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking and physical activity and total energy intake. The prevalence of low dietary intake varied markedly across micronutrients. Social isolation (1-point increase in a score ranging 0-5) was associated with increased odds (adjusted for covariates) of low intake of magnesium [odds ratio (OR) 1.153, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.037-1.282, P = .009], potassium (OR 1.201, 95% CI 1.087-1.327, P < .001), vitamin B6 (OR 1.263, 95% CI 1.110-1.438, P < .001), folate (OR 1.211, 95% CI 1.093-1.341, P < .001) and vitamin C (OR 1.238, 95% CI 1.098-1.394, P < .001). These associations remained unchanged when food insecurity and impaired activities of daily living were taken into account. By contrast, loneliness was not related to the inadequate intake of any micronutrient. Low intake of micronutrients increases risk of age-related health problems. Attention to the dietary quality of older people with limited social contacts and little involvement in community activities might enhance health outcomes.

Is there an Association between Dietary Micronutrients Intake and Bone Fractures among Malaysian Reproductive-Age Women? The PURE Malaysia Study.

Background: Bone fractures represent a significant health issue and impose a considerable burden on healthcare systems globally. However, data pertaining to bone fractures, especially among reproductive-age women in Malaysia, are very limited. Micronutrients like calcium, magnesium and phosphorus play vital roles in bone health, influencing bone mineral density and fracture risk. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bone fractures among reproductive-age women and the association with dietary micronutrient intakes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,730 participants of reproductive-age women from the Malaysia Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study were recruited. The participants' dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Selected micronutrients in the participants' diets were calculated using the Malaysian food composition and the US Department of Agriculture food composition databases. The association between micronutrient intakes, comorbidities and physical activity levels with bone fractures were evaluated to identify predictors of bone fractures among reproductive-age women. Results: The prevalence of bone fractures among Malaysian reproductive-age women was low (3.7%). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that none of the micronutrients was associated with bone fractures. However, factors of diabetes and passive smoking in this study showed 2.6- and 4.0-times-higher odds of having bone fractures, respectively (AOR 2.580; 95% CI: 1.173-5.672) and (AOR 4.012; 95% CI: 2.265-7.107). Conclusions: It was found that the majority of women in this study were taking lower micronutrient intakes of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K than the Malaysia recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Although this study showed that a low micronutrient intake is not significantly associated with bone fractures, it is recommended that future studies focus on controlled trials or prospective data analyses to establish causal relationships and the optimal micronutrient requirements for maintaining strong and healthy bones in women of reproductive age.

Measuring the association between the opening of a new multi-national restaurant with young people's eating behaviours

Out-of-home eating (takeaway, take-out and fast-foods) is associated with intakes of higher energy and fat, and lower intakes of micronutrients, and is associated with excess weight gain. In 2017, a unique opportunity arose to measure the association between the opening of a new multi-national fast-food restaurant (McDonald's) and consumption of fast-food on young people aged 11–16. This study uses a repeated cross-sectional design to explore group level change over time with respect to out-of-home eating behaviours of young people. Two secondary schools in Redcar and Cleveland agreed to participate and facilitated the completion of a questionnaire on their pupils eating behaviours at three timepoints a) prior to the new restaurant opening, b) three months post-opening and c) nine months post opening. Reported frequency of visits to McDonald's showed a statistically significant increase in visits between 3 and 9 months of the restaurant opening. This research asks and explores the question of whether the introduction of a new multi-national fast-food restaurant influences eating habits of young people attending schools near the new outlet.

Sociodemographic, nutritional and anthropometric factors determining overweight and obesity in an adult moroccan population

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the determinants of the weight status of a population is important to be considered in actions aimed at improving public health. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the sociodemographic, nutritional and anthropometric factors associated with overweight and obesity in an adult Moroccan population. METHODS: This study focused on 507 adult subjects from the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region in Morocco, according to a validated conceptual and methodological framework. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire, physical activity (PA) was assessed by the Marshal questionnaire, dietary intakes were estimated by a “dietary history” type survey. Anthropometric parameters were also measured using impedancemetry and a tape measure. RESULTS: The majority of the study population was 20 to 29 years old, females, urban and had an medium socio-economic level (SEL). The population’s dietary intake was high in calories, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, sugars, and sodium; and low in vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, folic acid, iron, calcium and zinc. Univariate analysis revealed that overweight and obesity are associated with the 30–39 yrs age group, average SEL, insufficient PA, high intakes of calories, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as with high waist circumference and excessive body fat percentage. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with overweight and obesity were identified in the study population, revealing a coexistence of high intakes of energy and macronutrient and low intake of several micronutrients. The prevalence of deficiencies and excesses of these intakes testifys of a double burden of malnutrition in this population. The results are very relevant for guiding nutritional education actions among this population.

Nutritional Status and Dietary Behaviors of Children with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.

Children with intellectual or developmental disabilities are susceptible to malnutrition. This systematic review was conducted to assess the nutritional status and dietary behaviors of children with intellectual or developmental disabilities in Saudi Arabia. The target population was children from Saudi Arabia aged 18 years or younger and diagnosed with intellectual or developmental disabilities. Appropriate research studies that were published from inception up to December 2023 were obtained and reviewed. The outcomes of interest, including anthropometric data, laboratory data, dietary intake data, and dietary behaviors data, were collected and organized in relevant tables. The methodological quality and bias risk for the involved studies were evaluated. Out of 286 screened articles, 31 research articles were selected. The review results show that the rates of overweight and obesity were significantly higher among children with intellectual or developmental disabilities compared to typically developing children. The laboratory data revealed that they were more likely to have nutritional deficiencies. Low intake of energy, protein, and several micronutrients is frequently reported among them. Moreover, they are anticipated to have unhealthy dietary behavior. In conclusion, the findings suggested that children with intellectual or developmental disabilities were at higher risk of malnutrition including deploying obesity and nutritional deficiencies. Healthy and balanced nutrition that considers dietary requirements and food preferences is critical to maintaining the optimal development of these children. This review could invite researchers and policy-makers in Saudi Arabia to put more effort into integrating individuals with disability into the healthcare system and community. Further research is required to determine the types of intervention measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of malnutrition. Additional action is needed to monitor the implementation of national policies and programs that target this part of society.

Strategies to Develop Balanced Dietary Habits: Solving the Dilemma.

Micronutrient deficiencies in children can occur for multiple reasons, including poor access to food, particular dietary patterns or health conditions that may impact nutrient absorption and utilization. Reduced access to food for infants and young children can lead to malnutrition, increasing the risk of infectious diseases, poor growth, cognitive impairment, emotional dysfunction, and even death. Due to the limited foods available, children with malnutrition also often experience low micronutrient intake. Selective or picky eating is a common feeding difficulty in young children worldwide and can have adverse effects on health and development. Selective eaters generally consume a less diverse diet, leading to an imbalanced nutrient intake. Dietary supplementation provides an individually targeted approach to address micronutrient deficiencies. This strategy has been used safely and effectively to prevent micronutrient deficiencies in high-income countries for over a century. It is the mandatory or voluntary addition of essential micronutrients to widely consumed staple foods and condiments during production. However, worldwide data suggest low compliance with dietary supplementation approaches. This leaves a question mark over the effectiveness of commercial food fortification and highlights the need for improved infrastructure to ensure food fortification or micronutrient supplementation in areas where there is an increased risk of deficiencies.

Low micronutrient intake in nursing home residents, a cross-sectional study

Low micronutrient intake in nursing home residents, a cross-sectional study

Low micronutrient intake in nursing home residents, a cross-sectional study.

Low intake of micronutrients is associated with health-related problems in nursing home residents. As their food intake is generally low, it is expected that their micronutrient intake will be low as well. The nutrient intake of 189 residents (mean age 85.0 years (SD: 7.4)) in five different Dutch nursing homes was measured based on 3-day direct observations of intake. Micronutrient intake, without supplementation, was calculated using the Dutch food composition table, and SPADE software was used to model habitual intake. Intake was compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) as described in the Dutch dietary reference values. A low intake was defined as>10% not meeting the EAR or when the P50 (median) intake was below the AI. Vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folate, B12, C, D, E, copper, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and selenium were investigated. Our data showed that vitamin and mineral intake was low for most assessed nutrients. An AI was only seen for vitamin B12 (men only), iodine (men only), and phosphorus. A total of 50% of the population had an intake below the EAR for riboflavin, vit B6, folate, and vitamin D. For reference values expressed in AI, P50 intake of vitamin E, calcium, iodine, magnesium, potassium, and selenium was below the AI. To conclude: micronutrient intake in nursing home residents is far too low in most of the nursing home population. A "food-first" approach could increase dietary intake, but supplements could be considered if the "food-first" approach is not successful.

THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VEGF INJECTION ON THE MACULAR EDEMA AND VISUAL ACUITY OF PATIENTS WITH WET ARMD

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Globally, age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the primary cause of irreversible vision loss. It has 2 late-stage manifestations, which may coexist: a nonneo-vascular form known as geographic atrophy and a neovascular form characterized by the presence of macular neovascularization, previously known as choroidal neovascularization. Risk factors for AMD may be nonmodifiable (eg, age) or modifiable (eg, cigarette smoking and low micronutrient intake). According to multiple genome-wide association studies, genetic factors account for at least 55% of total AMD risk, and the pathway most consistently implicated in AMD is the complement cascade. For exudative AMD, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are the cornerstone of care and are typically administered using 1 of 3 broad approaches: fixed-interval dosing, as-needed dosing, or treat-and-extend dosing. In addition to AMD, multiple retinal pathologies may lead to choroidal neovascularization; these distinct exudative diseases are also frequently managed with antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs. Case report: We describe three months of treatment with three intavitrealaflibercept (EYLEA) in two cases of ARMD with macular edema. Following each injection, the visual acuity (VA) increased in both of the cases. The purpose of this article is to review how anti-VEGF medications affect macular edema and help ARMD patients see better.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt; ARMD; macular edema, coroidalneovascularisation, visual acuity, anti-VEGF treatment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The micronutrient content of the diet is correlated with serum glucose biomarkers and lipid profile and is associated with the odds of being overweight/obese-a case-control study.

A low micronutrient intake has been reported to contribute to the double-burden of obesity, increasing the risk for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and mental disorders. This case-control study compared micronutrient intake profiles in overweight/obese vs. normal-weight individuals. We hypothesized that a low intake of certain micronutrients would increase the odds of being overweight/obese. The case group (n = 812 adults) consisted of individuals with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, and the control group (n = 793) had BMIs of 17.9-24.9 kg/m2. A validated 124-item food frequency questionnaire was used to determine micronutrient-related dietary-quality, using the index of nutritional quality (INQ), calculated as the fraction of a micronutrient consumed vs. its dietary requirement. In addition, body surface area (BSA) was calculated according to the Mosteller formula. The control group had significantly higher INQ-scores of vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and selenium compared to the case group. Furthermore, individuals with normal BSA (≤1.91 m2 for men; ≤1.71 m2 for women) had significantly higher INQ scores of vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to participants with high BSA. In multivariable adjustment regression models, INQs of vitamin C (ORBMI = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64-0.97; ORBSA = 0.81, 95%CI, 0.68-0.97) and magnesium (ORBMI = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.47-0.99; ORBSA = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.52-0.97) were significantly associated with the odds of obesity/overweight (in both BMI and BSA categories). The significant association between micronutrient levels of the diet, especially of vitamin C and magnesium, with both obesity criteria, emphasized the importance of certain micronutrients in the obesity/overweight causal network.

Nutrient intakes in adult and pediatric coeliac disease patients on gluten-free diet: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Celiac Disease (CD) continues to require a strict lifetime gluten-free diet (GFD) to maintain healthy status. Many studies have assessed the GFD nutritional adequacy in their cohorts, but an overall picture in adults and children would offer a lifetime vision to identify actionable areas of change. We aimed at assessing the nutrient intakes of adult and pediatric CD patients following a GFD diet and identifying potential areas of improvement. Systematic review was carried out across PubMed, Scopus and Scholar up to October 2022, including full-text studies that assessed the nutrient intakes of CD patients on GFD, in terms of macro- and/or micronutrients (absolute or percentage daily average). Random-effect meta-analysis and univariable meta-regression were applied to obtain pooled estimates for proportions and influencing variables on the outcome, respectively. Thirty-eight studies with a total of 2114 patients were included. Overall, the daily energy intake was 1995 (CI 1884-2106) Kcal with 47.8% (CI 45.7-49.8%) from carbohydrates, 15.5% (CI 14.8-16.2%) from proteins, and 35.8% (CI 34.5-37.0%) from fats. Of total fats, 13.2% (CI 12.4-14.0%) were saturated fats. Teenagers had the highest consumption of fats (94.9, CI 54.8-134.9 g/day), and adults presented insufficient dietary fiber intake (18.9 g, CI 16.5-21.4 g). Calcium, magnesium, and iron intakes were particularly insufficient in adolescence, whereas vitamin D was insufficient in all age groups. In conclusion, GFD may expose CD patients to high fat and low essential micronutrient intakes. Given GFD is a lifelong therapy, to prevent the occurrence of diseases (e.g. cardiovascular or bone disorders) dietary intakes need to be assessed on long-term follow-ups.

Alleviating hidden hunger: an infallible bridge to improved health and nutrition

Micronutrient deficiencies, a synonym of hidden hunger,1 is a form of malnutrition that occurs due to low intake and absorption of micronutrients and vitamins, such as iron, iodine, zinc, and vitamin A. Such deficiencies affect sustained good health, including physical and cognitive bodily functions. The impairments caused by micronutrient deficiencies might be initially unnoticeable but can advance to significant implications and sometimes irreparable losses. Children, adolescents, and pregnant women are at a greater risk, as the demands during these stages of life are higher.

Agronomic Bio-fortification of Iron and Zinc through Nano-fertilizers: A Review

The task of feeding the global human population estimated at 9.6 billion by 2050 and more than 3 billion people around the world suffer from micronutrient deficiency specially Zn and Fe, due to the consumption of poor-quality food. Micronutrient malnutrition or the hidden hunger is most prevalent amid women and preschool children triggered chiefly by low dietary intake of micronutrients. Biofortification is the process of fostering the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in edible portions of crop plants by way of agronomic intervention or genetic selection, may perhaps be the solution to malnutrition or hidden hunger mitigation. It provides a comparatively cost effective, sustainableand long-term means of delivering more micronutrients. Thus, the time is to apply nanoparticles or nanofertilizers in solving some of these problems. Nanofertilizers can easily get absorbed by plants due to their high surface area to volume ratio. The sizes and morphologies of nanoparticles are however strong factors that determine the level of bio-accessibility by the plants from the soil. Nanofertilizers will allow controlled release of nutrients, so that this exactly synchronized with the nutritional needs of the crops and helps in improving the accumulation of nutrients in the plant. The plants applied with nanofertilizers not only grow but also accumulate such nutrients, which bridges the gap of nutrient deficiency.

Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Quality of Life in Patients with Thalassemia Major

Background: Impaired growth and inadequacy of dietary intake in thalassemia patients may affect the quality of life. This study aimed to determine and examine the relationship between dietary intake, nutritional status, and quality of life in in patients with thalassemia major. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from February to October 2020. Twelve respondents who were registered at the Yayasan Thalassemia Indonesia and the blood transfusion unit at Fatmawati Hospital participated. This study conducted a physical examination and distributed food record questionnaires and WHOQOL-BREF. Data analysis was performed using Nutrisurvey 2007 and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The majority of the respondent were male (58.3%), categorized in the age group 5–18 years (58.3%), had normal nutritional status (50%) and quality of life. Interestingly, the respondents had an excess intake of protein and fats, while the intake of energy and carbohydrates was normal. Respondents had less intakes of all micronutrients. Conclusion: The majority of respondents have normal nutritional status and quality of life but have a low intake of micronutrients. Both patients and parents need to be further educated on dietary intake to meet their nutritional needs

Effect of Metformin on Glycemic Control Regarding Carriers of the SLC22A1/OCT1 (rs628031) Polymorphism and Its Interactions with Dietary Micronutrients in Type 2 Diabetes.

PurposeDifferences in metformin effect on glycemic control in type 2 Diabetes (T2D) have been associated with diet, obesity, years since T2D diagnosis and genetic factors, such as the Met408Val (rs628031) SLC22A1/OCT1 gene polymorphism. This study aimed to analyze the effect of metformin and diet on glycemic control and its association with the Met408Val polymorphism in patients with T2D from western Mexico.Patients and MethodsA total of 240 T2D adult patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anti-hyperglycemic therapy, dietary intake, body composition and glycemic profile were recorded and the determination of genotypes of SLC22A1/OCT1 gene (rs628031) was performed using an allelic discrimination assay.ResultsThe type of metformin therapy was 47% monotherapy, 45% dual therapy (metformin+glibenclamide or metformin+insulin) and 8% triple therapy (metformin+glibenclamide+insulin). Individuals with metformin monotherapy had a higher glycemic control frequency (%HbA1c <7.0) compared with the dual and triple treatment schemes (77% vs 35% and 15%, respectively; p<0.001). Interestingly, a high potassium intake was documented in the three anti-hyperglycemic therapies and a lower intake of micronutrients, including calcium, magnesium, and zinc. An interaction was found between calcium intake and carriers of the risk allele A (408Val) with %HbA1c (P interaction=0.028), and potassium intake with the TyG index (P interaction=0.027). In addition, there was a positive correlation between calcium intake and %HbA1c (r=0.682; p=0.010), and potassium intake vs TyG index (r=0.593; p=0.033) in risk allele A (408Val) carriers with metformin monotherapy. Genotype frequencies were GG homozygotes (76.6%), GA heterozygotes (21.5%) and AA homozygotes (1.9%). The allele frequency was 87.4% for the ancestral allele G and 12.6% for the risk allele A.ConclusionThese findings suggest a differing effect of metformin on glycemic control regarding calcium and potassium intake and the Met408Val SLC22A1/OCT1 gene polymorphism in T2D patients.

Association between irritable bowel syndrome and micronutrients: A systematic review.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent disorder of gut brain interaction with a multifactorial etiology. Food trigger avoidance is common among individuals with IBS and exclusion diets are gaining popularity. However, recent guidelines on IBS management cautioned regarding the use of unsupervised dietary therapy with concerns of development of poor eating habits and even nutritional deficiencies. We aimed to review the available literature on the effect of habitual and exclusion diets on micronutrient status as well as the role of micronutrient supplementation in alleviating IBS symptoms. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science) were searched for articles that reported micronutrient data in patients with IBS. Serum micronutrient levels and dietary intake of micronutrients in patients with IBS were collected. The extracted data were tabulated and organized by micronutrient type to observe for trends. Twenty-six articles were included in this systematic review (12 interventional and 14 observational studies). Studies showed that generally IBS subjects had lower levels of vitamin B2, vitamin D, calcium, and iron at baseline compared with non-IBS subjects. Studies also found that exclusion diets were associated with lower intake of micronutrients especially vitamin B1, B2, calcium, iron, and zinc. There was a lack of interventional studies on micronutrients. Irritable bowel syndrome patients are at risk of developing multiple micronutrient deficiencies that may have both localized gastrointestinal as well as systemic effects. Dietary management of IBS patients should include a proper dietitian review to ensure nutritional adequacy where possible.

Poor intake of vitamins and minerals is associated with symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Background and AimPoor food habits with insufficient intake of micronutrients have been described in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which could be of importance for development of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. The study aims were to examine intake and plasma/serum levels of micronutrients in IBS and whether these factors were associated with symptoms and restrictions and to study the effects of a starch‐ and sucrose‐reduced diet (SSRD).MethodsOne hundred five patients with IBS or functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) according to Rome IV criteria were included to SSRD/controls for 4 weeks. Patients completed a study questionnaire about lifestyle habits, medical health, IBS‐symptom severity score (IBS‐SSS), visual analog scale for IBS (VAS‐IBS), and diary books before and after study start. Plasma/serum levels of micronutrients were analyzed at baseline.ResultsIntake of micronutrients at baseline was lower than recommended according to national guidelines. Gastrointestinal symptoms were inversely associated with intake and plasma levels of iron. Extraintestinal symptoms and fatigue inversely associated with intake of vitamin B6, phosphorus, magnesium, and iodine, as was plasma levels of iron, and positively associated with plasma iron‐binding capacity. Fatigue was also inversely associated with calcium, iron, and zinc intakes. Plasma ferritin was lower in participants on restrictions. SSRD increased the intake of several vitamins, selenium, and fat, whereas sodium intake was decreased, with markedly reduced symptoms.ConclusionIrritable bowel syndrome patients had low intake of micronutrients at baseline, which associated inversely with total IBS‐SSS, extraintestinal IBS‐SSS, and fatigue. SSRD increased the intake of several micronutrients, which correlated weakly with symptom improvement.

Effects of Oxidative Stress in Acute Poisoning in Central India

Background: Tissue inflammation, low food intake of micronutrients due to sleepiness, free radical burst from activated macrophages, and excessive medication cause oxidative stress in acute poisoning. If not neutralised by antioxidants, these free radicals may contribute to tissue inflammation. The word oxidative stress refers to a scenario in which free radical generation and antioxidant defence are out of balance. In humans, oxidative stress is caused by a reduction in bodily antioxidants when free radical generation exceeds endogenous antioxidant levels, resulting in significant cell damage/death.&#x0D; Free radicals may destroy all major macromolecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, but lipids are the most vulnerable.&#x0D; Aim: To evaluate antioxidant status in acute amitriptyline poisoning (AP) cases undergoing routine standard treatment (RST) after supplementation with Vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid either alone or in combination, and compare it with that of normal healthy volunteers.&#x0D; Material and Method: A total of 150 people were enrolled in the study, and they were split into five groups. They came from the IMCU and the Toxicology Ward. The consent of the patients' attendants was sought. The patients were chosen at random. To classify the level or grade of coma in poisoned individuals, the Edinburgh scale was utilized. At the time of admission and discharge, the levels of plasma cholinesterase, SOD, catalase, Glut-peroxidase, Glutathione transferase, MDA, Total-Antioxidant, LDH, and CK were measured.&#x0D; Results: This study offers quantifiable recommendations for vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid intake to aid in rapid recovery and glutathione antioxidant status. On supplementation with vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid, we detected a significant decrease in catalase activity in all groups of acute Amitriptyline poisoning cases. For Gr. V (acute Amitriptyline poisoning cases), we found reduced glutathione activity on admission and higher values on discharge. In light of the preceding discussion, it is worth noting that the higher LDH and CPK in groups that may be attributable to pulmonary infarction rather than cardiac or skeletal muscle involvement could be due to pulmonary infarction.&#x0D; Conclusion: Supplementation with vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid improved antioxidant levels during therapy. We propose that the antioxidant level of acute amitriptyline poisoning cases be examined for more successful recovery, and that diets poor in antioxidants may cause recovery to be sluggish. Oral supplementation, in our opinion, will be more successful for chronic Amitriptyline poisoning patients for a longer period of time, while IV form of vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid will be more effective for acute Amitriptyline poisoning instances.&#x0D; Keywords: Amitriptyline, MDA, Total-Antioxidant, LDH, CK, SOD, AP, RST.

Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Association between Diet and Depressive Symptoms in Breast Cancer.

Little is known about the relationship between diet and depression through the gut microbiota among breast cancer patients. This study aimed to examine the dietary intake differences between depressed breast cancer (DBC) and non-depressed breast cancer (NBC) patients, and whether the differences could lead to gut microbiota changes that affect depressive symptoms. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and 24 h dietary recall. Fecal samples of 18 DBC patients and 37 NBC patients were collected for next-generation sequencing. A total of 60 out of 205 breast cancer patients reported significant depressive symptoms suggested by a CES-D score ≥ 16, which might be related to lower intakes of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B2, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, selenium, manganese and tryptophan, and a poor diet quality indicated by a lower total Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) score. Additionally, NBC patients demonstrated greater gut microbiota diversity and a healthier composition, in which the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella were both lower than in the DBC patients (p < 0.05). Alpha diversity was a significant mediator between diet quality and depression, while calcium, phosphorus and selenium significantly regulated depression independent of the gut microbiota. Breast cancer-related depressive symptoms might be associated with a poor diet quality via gut microbiota-dependent pathways and lower micronutrient intake via microbiota-independent pathways.