Lower Levels Of Well-being Research Articles

Вживання алкоголю в суспільстві Гетьманщини ХVІІІ ст. як маркер якості життя

The purpose of the article is to study the culture of alcohol consumption in the Hetmanate of the 18th century as a marker of quality of life. The author analyzed the diaries of Cossack elders and the epistolary heritage of this period, singled out references to the use of alcoholic beverages, circumstances, cases of abuse. The research methodology is determined by the purpose and features of the main sources and, in addition to the application of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis), involves the use of a microhistorical approach, elements of prosopography and social history. Since it is primarily about the analysis of diaries, the theoretical work of the French researcher Philippe Lejeune was applied, who examined the development of diaries from the "accounting of the past" to emotional notes. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that alcohol consumption is not considered as a bad habit or a certain branch of the economy, but as a component of a person's leisure behavior, the realization of undesirable needs, which also determined the quality of life. It was concluded that from the point of view of traditional markers of quality, Ukrainian early modern society was quite homogeneous (life expectancy, mortality, diseases). Even the diet of the common people and the elite was often similar. But the consumption of alcoholic beverages was just one of those markers that at the everyday level testified to a higher or lower level of well-being. But their consumer culture was significantly different. Precisely from the point of view of alcohol consumption - frequency, volume, and its assortment, one can observe the difference in everyday life and its quality. Belonging to a higher social status and financial resources provided access to higher quality alcohol and higher quality of its consumption. At the same time, the Cossack elder of the Hetmanate had access to alcohol produced in different countries and corresponding to the lifestyle of the European nobility of that time. In this way, the "precious" people of old Ukraine were similar to the European establishment.

THE SPECTRUM OF THREATS TO WOMEN'S PERSONAL SAFETY IN THE 1920-1935 (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE URALS)

The article considers the threats to the personal safety of women in the Urals in the period of the 1920-1935. The source base of the research of the topic was archival documents identified in the Ural archives, periodical press materials, memories of eyewitnesses of the events. The main factors that influenced the state of women's personal security are named: the general low level of well-being of the population, the weak development of social guarantees for the life support of citizens of the country, the complex of the old customs and mores of society. The old (traditional) and new, genuine and imaginary threats to women's health and life in the extreme conditions of the first decades of the Soviet era are characterized and illustrated.

Multiple social identities and well-being: Insights from a person-centred approach.

Recent research on social identity and identity integration suggests that individuals who have multiple identities and who also successfully integrate them are better adjusted. We combine predictions from these studies and examine how social identification, together with identity integration, are related to psychological well-being using a person-centred approach. A first study (N = 2705) showed that the identity configuration characterized by high levels of identification with organization and gender, as well as the perception that these identities are well integrated, is associated with the highest level of well-being. Conversely, the identity configuration characterized by low scores on gender and organization identifications and low levels of identity integration was associated with the lowest levels of well-being. These findings were replicated in a second study (N = 8987) where organization and age-group identification were analysed. We discuss the implications of these findings for the literatures on multiple social identities, identity integration and organizational climate.

A supervised learning regression method for the analysis of oral sensitivity of healthy individuals and patients with chemosensory loss

The gustatory, olfactory, and trigeminal systems are anatomically separated. However, they interact cognitively to give rise to oral perception, which can significantly affect health and quality of life. We built a Supervised Learning (SL) regression model that, exploiting participants’ features, was capable of automatically analyzing with high precision the self-ratings of oral sensitivity of healthy participants and patients with chemosensory loss, determining the contribution of its components: gustatory, olfactory, and trigeminal. CatBoost regressor provided predicted values of the self-rated oral sensitivity close to experimental values. Patients showed lower predicted values of oral sensitivity, lower scores for measured taste, spiciness, astringency, and smell sensitivity, higher BMI, and lower levels of well-being. CatBoost regressor defined the impact of the single components of oral perception in the two groups. The trigeminal component was the most significant, though astringency and spiciness provided similar contributions in controls, while astringency was most important in patients. Taste was more important in controls while smell was the least important in both groups. Identifying the significance of the oral perception components and the differences between the two groups provide important information to allow for more targeted examinations supporting both patients and healthcare professionals in clinical practice.

Kajian Sistem Pemasaran dan Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan Serta Tingkat Kesejahteraan Nelayan di Desa Lembur Barat, Kecamatan Alor Tengah Utara, Kabupaten Alor.

Fishermen are groups of individuals who carry out fishing and other aquatic biota in various types of waters, including fresh, brackish, and marine waters. Fishermen are communities that live on the coast and rely on marine catches for their livelihood. Although fraught with risks, the fishing profession is often passed down from generation to generation in Indonesia. However, their economic conditions are often affected by various factors, including climate problems such as famine seasons that occur every year. BPS 2013 data shows that fishermen and fishing communities play a large role in Indonesia's poverty rate. This study adopts a qualitative approach, by applying direct interviews with fishermen and document collection as data collection methods. Research findings show that fishermen face challenges in fishing, especially during high sea waves and lean seasons. In West Overtime Village, North Central Alor District, fishermen have difficulty finding fish because of the large rompong that affects the movement of fish in these waters. This condition encourages most fishermen to switch professions to become farmers to meet their daily needs. In small fishing communities, visible traits include the use of small-scale fishing gear, uncertain income, independent operations, and simple skills. Social and geographical isolation are also influencing factors, along with low levels of well-being. This research provides an in-depth understanding of the conditions and challenges faced by fishing communities and their impact on their welfare. Therefore, this research makes a valuable contribution in understanding the lives of fishermen in coastal Indonesia.

With a Little Help from My Friends: Profiles of Perceived Social Support and Their Associations with Adolescent Mental Health

This study investigated profiles of perceived social support and their associations with mental health indicators for male and female adolescents. The sample was a nationally representative group of Danish adolescents age 13–16 years (Male N = 1114; Female N = 1065). Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of perceived social support from different sources (classmate, teacher, family, friend). Three distinct profiles of perceived social support were identified for both genders: ‘High’ support from all sources (54.4% of males; 55.5% of females), ‘Moderate’ support from all sources (31.6% of males; 28.8% of females) and ‘Low friend’ support with moderate support from other sources (13.9% of males; 15.7% of females). The ‘high’ perceived support profile was associated with optimal mental health; the ‘moderate’ perceived support profile was associated with lower wellbeing and more frequent emotional symptoms; and the ‘low friend’ perceived support profile was associated with the lowest levels of wellbeing and, specifically for females, higher frequency of emotional symptoms. Results highlight typical profiles of perceived social support among adolescents, and demonstrate nuanced associations between perceived social support and mental health indicators, with notable gender differences.

Social relations and leisure activities as predictors of wellbeing among older adults with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional survey study in Denmark.

Due to the growing number of people aging with multiple sclerosis (MS), there has been a call for rehabilitation specially targeted older adults with MS in order to support them in better wellbeing, despite physical and cognitive impairment. However, the existing research within the area of rehabilitation has primarily focused on the physical and psychological aspects of aging with MS, omitting the social element. This study aims to examine how social relations and engagement in leisure activities predict wellbeing among older adults with MS living in Denmark. Furthermore, the study aims to identify which sociodemographic and health-related factors are the most important in predicting whether older adults with MS face challenges in participating in leisure activities and experiencing different kinds of social relations. A cross-sectional survey was designed to measure social relations, wellbeing, and engagement in leisure activities among older adults with MS. Of the 4,329 people over 65 years diagnosed with MS in Denmark in 2022, 2,574 (59.46%) were invited to participated in the study, and 1,107 (43.03%) ended up answering the survey. Linear and logistic regression analyses and dominance analyses were conducted to examine the associations between wellbeing, leisure activities, social relations, sociodemographic and health-related factors. The results of the study show that perceived emotional social support (mean difference 8.69, 95% CI 5.23; 12.14) and perceived instrumental social support (mean difference 4.15, 95% CI 0.95; 7.35), were associated with better wellbeing among older adults with MS. Perceived strained social relations (mean difference -7.95, 95% CI -10.66; -5.26) were on the contrary associated with lower levels of wellbeing. Strained social relations were the most important predictors of wellbeing accounting for 59% of the predicted variance. Experiencing social emotional support from friends, coworkers, or neighbors (39% of the predicted variance), experiencing instrumental social support from children or children in law (43% of the predicted variance), and experiencing strained social relations with partner (48% of the predicted variance) constituted he most important predictor of wellbeing. Engagement in five out of fourteen leisure activities were associated with better wellbeing among the participants. The leisure activities there was found to be the most important predictor of wellbeing represented both social (37% of the predicted variance), physical (18% of the predicted variance), and creative elements (13% of the predicted variance). Finally, cohabitation was found to be the most important predictor of having perceived emotional social support (59% of the predicted variance), instrumental social support (78.9% of the predicted variance) and strained social relations (18.8% of the predicted variance) and mobility was found to be the most important predictor of challenges in participating in leisure activities (81.8% of the predicted variance). The findings of the study highlight that rehabilitation targeting older adults with MS should focus on both physical, psychological, and social elements of peoples' everyday life. Further, the results indicate that future rehabilitation focusing on social elements of aging with MS should take into account health and sociodemographic characteristics such as cohabitation, mobility, age, and sex, as these potentially relate to participation in leisure activities as well as social relations among older adults.

Married women’s decision to delay childbearing, and loneliness, severe psychological distress, and suicidal ideation under crisis: online survey data analysis from 2020 to 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of our lives, including the decision to become pregnant. Existing literature suggests that infertility and the decision to delay childbearing at a younger age are associated with a lower level of well-being and regrets when women start to desire a baby. Thus, the decision to delay childbearing due to the pandemic could negatively affect the well-being of women. This study focuses on how pregnancy decisions affect the well-being of women during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFrom the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey, a nationally representative web-based survey, 768 observations of married women aged 18 to 50 years who had the intention of getting pregnant during the pre-pandemic period (conducted in 2020 and 2021) were used. Loneliness, severe psychological distress, and suicidal ideation were used as well-being indicators. For pooled data, a generalised estimated equation (GEE) model was used to estimate how pregnancy decision related to well-being indicators. For a sub-analysis, the sample was divided by the survey year and a Poisson regression model was used.ResultsThe GEE analysis showed an association between delaying childbearing and severe psychological distress, with the prevalence ratio (PR) being 2.06 [95% CI (1.40–3.03)]. Furthermore, loneliness and suicidal ideation that occurred after the beginning of the pandemic were significantly related to the decision to delay childbearing—1.55 [95% CI (1.03,2.34)] and 2.55 [95% CI (1.45–4.51)], respectively. Moreover, these PRs were larger for 2021 compared to 2020.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately one-fifth of married women who had childbearing intentions before the pandemic decided to postpone pregnancy. They exhibited a deteriorated mental health state. Furthermore, the negative associations were larger in 2021 compared to 2020. Loneliness has negative consequences for both mental and physical health, as well as elevated severe psychological distress and suicidal ideation among those who decided to postpone pregnancy. Therefore, the current results should not be overlooked by society.

Andragogical Attitudes and Student Well-Being, a study at the University of Guayaquil

University teaching, as part of its practical exercise, demands an attractive field to investigate the psychological processes, implicit in the dynamics of teachers and students, under the bidirectionality of teaching and learning, which promote the exploration of the attitudes of the teacher and under his professional practice the andragogic attitudes, which are structured under cognition, motivation and behaviors. The objective of this research was to evaluate the andragogical attitudes of teachers and student well-being in a higher education institute in the city of Guayaquil. Through a methodology with a quantitative approach, explanatory scope, non-experimental design and cross-sectional section; through a stratified random sampling of 48 teachers and 125 students. The instruments were adapted and validated for the study of variables using the Likert scale. Their results showed the predominance of horizontality in both populations, with the variable andragogical attitude and feelings associated with a low level of well-being.

Lifelong effects of prenatal and early postnatal stress on the hippocampus, amygdala, and psychological states of Holocaust survivors

This study focuses on hippocampal and amygdala volume, seed-based connectivity, and psychological traits of Holocaust survivors who experienced stress during prenatal and early postnatal development. We investigated people who lived in Central Europe during the Holocaust and who, as Jews, were in imminent danger. The group who experienced stress during their prenatal development and early postnatal (PreP) period (n = 11) were compared with a group who experienced Holocaust-related stress later in their lives: in late childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood (ChA) (n = 21). The results of volumetry analysis showed significantly lower volumes of both hippocampi and the right amygdala in the PreP group. Seed-based connectivity analysis revealed increased connectivity from the seed in the right amygdala to the middle and posterior cingulate cortex, caudate, and inferior left frontal operculum in the PreP group. Psychological testing found higher levels of traumatic stress symptoms (TCS-40) and lower levels of well-being (SOS-10) in the PreP group than in the ChA group. The results of our study demonstrate that extreme stress experienced during prenatal and early postnatal life has a profound lifelong impact on the hippocampus and amygdala and on several psychological characteristics.

The little intervention that could: creative aging implies healthy aging among Canadian seniors

Objectives Through a process of ‘creative ageing’, there is increased interest in how active participation in the arts can help promote health and well-being among seniors. However, few studies have quantitatively examined the benefits of a foray into artistic expression, and even fewer employ rigorous identification strategies. Addressing this knowledge gap, we use a series of quantitative techniques (ordinary least squares and quantile regression) to analyze the impact of an arts-based intervention targeting the elderly. Methods Recruited from Saint John, New Brunswick (a city of about 125,000 people in Eastern Canada), 130 seniors were randomly assigned to the programme, with the remaining 122 serving as the control. This intervention consisted of weekly 2-h art sessions (i.e. drawing, painting, collage, clay-work, performance, sculpting, and mixed media), taking place from January 2020 until April 2021. Results Relative to the control group, the intervention tended to reduce participant loneliness and depression, and improve their mental health. Outcomes were more evident toward the latter part of the programme, were increasing in attendance, and most efficacious among those with initially low levels of well-being. Conclusion These findings imply that creative ageing promotes healthy ageing, which is especially noteworthy given COVID-19 likely attenuated our results.

Risk behaviors and well-being among Egyptian and Roma adolescents in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability and resilience in a positive youth development perspective.

Egyptian and Roma communities represent two of the most deprived and stigmatized ethnic minorities in Albania. However, research investigating vulnerability and well-being in youth from these communities is scant. Even less is known among Egyptian and Roma adolescents who dropped-out of school. Within a Positive Youth Development framework, we investigated among Egyptian and Roma adolescents: (1) risk behaviors, well-being, and developmental assets (personal and contextual); (2) associations of developmental assets with risk behaviors and well-being; (3) specificities by ethnicity, gender, and education. A total of 201 Egyptian and Roma adolescents (Mage = 16.63, SDage = 1.80; 47% girls; 53% school dropouts) completed a series of questionnaires in a community setting in August 2020 (first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic). Binomial, Poisson and linear regression models indicated that Egyptian and Roma adolescents reported similar and high levels of risk behaviors, with boys reporting overall more risk behaviors than girls. Low level of well-being and of personal and contextual assets were reported. Girls reported higher family assets, positive values and social competencies than boys. The situation of adolescents attending school was overall not better than that of youth who had dropped out. Higher positive identity was associated with higher well-being. Intervention and prevention efforts are urgently needed to support minority adolescents' development during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. They should address the structural factors which limit the availability of personal and contextual resources in minority youth's lives. Interventions aimed at building safer neighborhoods and providing safe access to schools for minority youth should be a priority and are essential to prevent the widening of inequalities during and after this health emergency.

One musculoskeletal health: towards optimizing musculoskeletal health in Egypt—how to be a bone and muscle builder by the Egyptian Academy of Bone Health and Metabolic Bone Diseases

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders are common problems that affect the elderly. They severely restrict mobility and dexterity, resulting in early retirement from work, lower levels of well-being, and reduced ability to participate in society. With the increase in life expectancy, the older populations are dreaming of active, painless, and independent lives in the face of functional limitations that are the result of various comorbidities with age progression.Main textThe aim of the study is to highlight aging changes in the musculoskeletal system, risk factors that may have a negative impact on musculoskeletal, as well as strategies to optimize musculoskeletal health in the elderly. A narrative review was conducted through a series of literature searches in the database MEDLINE/PubMed focusing on musculoskeletal health. The search terms used were “muscle building,” “bone building,” “osteoporosis,” “osteopenia,” “sarcopenia,” “osteosarcopenia,” “fractures,” “falls,” “functional ability,” “nutrition,” “diet,” “obesity,” “comorbidity,” and “medication.” Data extraction was carried out by the investigators using a standardized data collection form with subsequent discussion among the authors. Peer-reviewed observational controlled and non-controlled studies (case–control and cohort studies) were selected. The data collected in the selected articles were all related to musculoskeletal health.ConclusionMany of the changes in the musculoskeletal system result more from disuse than from simple aging. Less than 10% of the Egyptian population participate in regular exercise, and the most sedentary group is older than 50 years of age. Long-term regular exercises may reduce the loss of bone and muscle mass and prevent age-associated increases in body fat.

A full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022: Resilience and coping within and beyond Ukraine.

The study examined the resilience and coping of samples from Ukraine and five nearby countries during the war in Ukraine. The research focused on (1) the levels of community and societal resilience of the Ukrainian respondents compared with the populations of five nearby European countries and (2) commonalities and diversities concerning coping indicators (hope, well-being, perceived threats, distress symptoms, and sense of danger) across the examined countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted, based on data collection through Internet panel samples, representing the six countries' adult populations. Ukrainian respondents reported the highest levels of community and societal resilience, hope, and distress symptoms and the lowest level of well-being, compared to the population of the five nearby European countries. Hope was the best predictor of community and societal resilience in all countries. Positive coping variables, most notably hope, but also perceived well-being are instrumental in building resilience. While building resilience on a societal level is a complex, multifaceted task, various dimensions must be considered when planning actions to support these states. It is essential to monitor the levels of resilience, during and following the resolution of the crisis, both in Ukraine and in the neighboring countries.

Low Level of Well-being in Young People With Physical-Mental Multimorbidity: A Population-Based Study

PurposeWe aimed to examine whether wellbeing, health behavior, and youth life among young people (YP) with co-occurrence of physical-mental conditions, that is, multimorbidity differ from YP with exclusively physical or mental conditions. MethodsThe population included 3,671 YP reported as having a physical or/and mental condition from a Danish nationwide school-based survey (aged 14–26 years). Wellbeing was measured by the five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index and life satisfaction by the Cantril Ladder. YP's health behavior and youth life were evaluated in seven domains: home, education, activities/friends, drugs, sleep, sexuality, and self-harm/suicidal thoughts, in accordance with the Home, Education and employment, Eating, Activities, Drugs, Sexuality, Suicide and depression, and Safety acronym. We performed descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression analysis. ResultsA total of 52% of YP with physical-mental multimorbidity reported a low level of wellbeing, compared to 27% of YP with physical conditions and 44% with mental conditions. YP with multimorbidity had significantly higher odds of reporting poor life satisfaction, compared to YP with exclusively physical or mental conditions. YP with multimorbidity had significantly higher odds for psychosocial challenges and health risk behavior, compared to YP with physical conditions, along with increased odds for loneliness (23.3%), self-harm (63.1%), and suicidal thoughts (54.2%), compared to YP with mental conditions. DiscussionYP with physical-mental multimorbidity had higher odds for challenges and low wellbeing and life satisfaction. This is an especially vulnerable group and systematic screening for multimorbidity and psychosocial wellbeing is needed in all healthcare settings.

Resources quantity and nurse welfare in the quality of nursing services

Background: Nursing management is a group of nurse managers who manage nurses’ organization and efforts, which eventually becomes a nursing process. Nurse resource development needs to be done to maintain the quality of nursing in providing nursing care to patients. One of the reasons for the low ability of quality of nursing services is the low level of well-being. The care received is not by rights, so it can affect a person’s performance, disrupting the quality of nursing services. This study aims to determine the number of resources and the level of welfare of nurses in the quality of nursing services. Methods: this research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional data analysis method using the Chi-Square statistical test within the 5% significance limit, the total sampling technique with a sample size of 81 nurses. The data was collected with a questionnaire regarding the resources and welfare of nurses in the quality of nursing services. Result: statistical test results obtained v-value 0.007 <0.05 indicating a relationship between human resources and the quality of nursing services, 0.014 <0.05, which indicates a relationship between the welfare of nurses and the quality of nursing services. The findings related to the relationship between the number of nursing human resources and the quality of nursing services show that 55.8% of the quality of service is not good because the number of human resources is not good or does not meet needs, while the welfare of nurses on the quality of nursing services is 56.8% which is not good. Conclusion: the resources and well-being of nurses have a relationship with the quality of nursing services. Adequate resources and well-being can improve the quality of nursing services

Teachers’ well-being and their teaching quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study

During the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers reported low levels of well-being. Lower levels of well-being can negatively impact job performance and teaching quality. This study aims to examine whether the quality of teaching changed between before and during the pandemic, in two settings: remote and restricted in-person settings, and whether teachers’ well-being was related to the quality of teaching. 279 German-speaking (primary and secondary) teachers were retrospectively surveyed with an online questionnaire. Results showed that even if teachers reported being emotionally exhausted, they still were satisfied with their profession, highlighting the multidimensionality of well-being. For online instruction, teachers reported decrease in teaching quality in terms of cognitive activation, classroom management, and learning support compared to pre-pandemic times. Additionally, according to the teachers, their teaching quality did not return to its original state when schools reopened. However, the data does not show that this decrease is associated with teachers’ well-being. This study suggests that it is not only the quantity of learning that may have caused students’ learning losses, but also its quality. As a possible practical consequence, it seems helpful to provide teachers not only with technical, but also pedagogical support when teaching online and after having returned to in-person settings.

Outcomes for children with disability in out-of-home care: Evidence from the pathways of care longitudinal study in Australia

BackgroundChildren with disability are over-represented in out-of-home care (OOHC) in Australia and internationally. Yet we know little about their circumstances, placement types, support needs, and the outcomes of their trajectories and wellbeing through care. ObjectiveWe examine the wellbeing and outcomes of children with and without disabilities in OOHC. Participants and settingWe use panel data from waves 1–4 of the Pathways of Care Longitudinal Study (POCLS) collected between June 2011 and November 2018 by the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Communities and Justice (DCJ), Australia. The POCLS sampling framework covers all children aged 0–17 years who entered OOHC in NSW for the first time between May 2010 and October 2011 (n = 4126). A subset of these children (n = 2828) had final Children's Court orders by 30 April 2013. Among these, caregivers of 1789 children agreed to participate in the interview component of the POCLS. MethodsWe employ a random effects estimator to analyse the panel data. This is standard practice to exploit a panel database when some of the key explanatory variables are time invariant. ResultsChildren with disability have poorer wellbeing than children without disability across the three domains of physical health, socio-emotional wellbeing, and cognitive ability. However, children with disability have fewer difficulties at school and better school bonding. The type of placements – namely relative/kinship care, restoration/adoption/guardianship, foster care and residential care – have little or limited association with wellbeing of children with disability. ConclusionsChildren with disability tend to have lower levels of wellbeing in OOHC than children without disability, and this is driven mainly by their disability status rather than care factors.

Stress and Well-Being amongst Young Adults with Chronically Ill Parents

Abstract: This study examines the levels of stress and wellbeing among young adults with chronically ill parents, aiming to understand the impact of caregiving responsibilities on their mental health and overall wellbeing. The hypothesis posits that higher levels of perceived stress among young adults caring for chronically ill parents will be associated with lower levels of general wellbeing. The research objectives include assessing stress and wellbeing, comparing these levels between caregivers and non-caregivers, examining the relationship between perceived stress and general wellbeing, identifying contributing factors to stress, and providing insights into the mental health needs of young adults with chronically ill parents. The sample consists of 100 young adults aged 18 to 30 years, recruited using non-probability purposive sampling techniques from various parts of India. Participants were required to have at least one chronically ill parent. The study utilizes the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and General Wellbeing Inventory (GWI) to assess stress levels and overall wellbeing among participants. Correlational was employed to examine the relationship between perceived stress and general wellbeing. The results indicate that young adults with chronically ill parents experience higher levels of perceived stress and lower levels of general wellbeing compared to their peers without chronically ill parents. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between perceived stress and general wellbeing, confirming that higher levels of stress are associated with lower levels of wellbeing. The study also examined factors contributing to stress among young adult caregivers, such as the severity of the parent's illness, the duration of caregiving, and the availability of social support. Findings suggest that physical illnesses in parents result in higher stress levels compared to mental illnesses. Furthermore, problem-focused coping strategies, such as seeking information and social support, were found to be more effective in reducing stress and promoting wellbeing compared to emotion-focused coping strategies. The findings of this study provides valuable insights into the mental health needs of young adults with chronically ill parents and informs the development of targeted interventions to enhance wellbeing and reduce stress in this population.

Assistive technology control using eeg signal

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare states that about 18% of people in Australia, which is 4.4 million, suffers disability. Hosseini et al argued that physically disabled people experience more restrictions in social activities than healthy people, which are associated with lower level of well-being and poor quality of life. To improve the life quality of disabled people, a study is carried out to determine an effective and accurate way to realize what disabled people think. Although there are similar products been made, the previous built products are heavy, clunky, slow in response and inaccurate. In order to solve the problem, an integrated circuit (IC) with a microcontroller is used instead of a laptop and a control system is also implemented to accelerate the response and improve the accuracy. An isolating circuit is implemented as well to improve the stability and durability of the system. Experiment result shows that the IC implemented weighs around 5g, which is 400 times lighter comparing with previous products. The deviation is controlled to be within 2% and the response time is measured to be 0.5s the power consumption is measured to be less than 100W, which is well within the budget.