Low Level Of Correlation Research Articles

Investigation of the relationship between university students' mobile gaming motivations and loneliness levels

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to determine the mobile game motivations and loneliness levels of university students and to evaluate the relationship between them.
 Material and Methods. In the study, the "Mobile Game Motivation Scale" developed by Üstün ve Öz and the "UCLA Loneliness Scale" developed by Russell et al and adapted to Turkish culture by Demir were used as data collection tools. 365 (Nwomen:140; Nmen:225) university students participated in the study on a voluntary basis. SPSS package program was used in the analysis of the data, and it was tested with parametric tests.
 Results. As a result of the study, in favor of men in all Mobile Game Motivaton Scale and sub-dimensions according to gender, significant differences were found in the loneliness scale against those who have a higher income level than their monthly income. It can be said that the game motivation increases as the game playing time and weekly free time increase. In addition, a low level of positive correlation was found with Mobile Games Motivation Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale.
 Conclusions. The researchers conducted their studies on the concept of 'motivation', which is considered to be a major deficiency in studies in the field of social internet in general and mobile games in particular, and 'loneliness', which is accepted as a universal problem, and reached generalizable results on generation Z undergraduate students. The researchers presented a different perspective to the literature by examining the relationship between 'loneliness' and the structure they created through the sub-dimensions of Mobile Games Motivation Scale 'developmental tasks', 'escape and competition' and 'mobile flow'.

Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Sorgum bicolor pada Kultur Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) dengan Sistem Fertigasi dan Fortifikasi Nutrisi Berbeda

Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is a microorganism that biologically affects plant enzymes and plant nutrients. AMF production development techniques need to be improved with the addition of nutritional fortification to produce quality AMF products. The research aimed was to cultivate AMF with complete fertilizer nutrition and different fertigation systems on Sorghum bicolor. The study used a 2 x 3 factorial randomized design with A factor: fertigation system (flat and terraced) and B factor: fertilizer nutrient levels (1000ppm, 2000ppm, 3000ppm). The results showed that the flat fertigation system had a significant different (p<0.05) on plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameter, and fresh biomass. However, in the high-level fertigation system, numbers of leaf, stem diameter, and fresh biomass did not have significant difference. There was no interaction between the fertigation and nutrient fortification systems. Sorghum panicle age started at 75 yields after planting (DAT). The relationship between percent infection and the number of spores showed a low level of correlation with R2 = 0.032. It can be concluded that the best fertigation system was a flat fertigation system for all nutrient fortifications, with the best average yield on 2000ppm nutrient fortification.
 Key words: AMF, fertigation system, nutrition fortification

Psychological reactions of different affective temperaments to the COVID-19 pandemic

Various studies show that the temperament characteristics of individuals play a decisive role in how much and how they will be affected by traumatic events. However, no research has been found in the literature examining the relationship between affective temperament and trauma. The Covid 19 pandemic process is described as a social trauma. In this context, in this study, it is aimed to examine the reactions of different affective temperaments to social trauma within the framework of the pandemic. Within the scope of the research, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Autoquestionaire (TEMPS-A) were used. The scales were applied online to a total of 1075 volunteer participants (653 women and 422 men). Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the significance of temperament types in the prediction of depression, anxiety, and stress levels of individuals. The method employed was stepwise regression analysis. In the data obtained, it was observed that depression, anxiety, and stress levels and anxious, cyclothymic, depressive, and irritable temperament types showed a positive correlation at different levels and a low level of negative correlation with hyperthymic temperament type during the pandemic process. The four aforementioned affective temperament types were significant predictors for depression, three were predictors for stress, and two for anxiety. Additionally, the results of this study indicated that hyperthymic temperament can be protective against the effects of trauma.

A SYNTHETIC PRECIPITATION MODEL TO DETERMINE THE USAGE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF RAIN AS A DATA INPUT IN CALCULATING THE DESIGN FLOOD

In calculating the design-flood discharge, engineers often use the frequency-distribution analysis of rainfall data as the basis for obtaining the magnitude of the design flood. The distribution of rain stations is an important factor in determining the distribution of regional rainfall; however, not all catchments have sufficient rain stations to represent the distribution of precipitation in a watershed. This results in a flood hydrograph—obtained using a rainfall–runoff model that is based on the calculation of the estimated rainfall—with a low level of correlation with the observed hydrograph. This research aims to set up a synthetic rain station that corrects the difference between the simulated hydrograph and observed hydrograph to achieve a better correlation level. Usually, researchers use the available rain stations for analyzing the design rainfall and design flood; however, in this research, a synthetic rain station has been built. Rainfall–runoff modeling methods for ungauged catchments (UCs), i.e., watersheds without observation stations, are widely available. Each method has different parameters to determine the unit hydrograph in a watershed. During the development of rainfall–runoff models at UCs, the precipitation in the upstream of a watershed is often assumed to be uniform, but it is not the case. The methodology used in this study collects hourly rainfall data from the ARR and hourly flood-discharge data from the AWLR in one catchment, then calculates the Thiessen coefficient before and after the set up of the synthetic rain station, and finally, calculates the rainfall at the synthetic rain station by trial and error. From the results of the synthetic rainfall modeling, the equation for the synthetic rainfall is obtained:ArRR=(-0.127A-0.260FB-0.307Re+1.227Q+0.51)/(C.K_Thiessen ) with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.818 in a watershed area below 300 km2.

STATUS OF BMI AND MACRO NUTRITION CONDITIONS OF PABSI ATHLETES IN WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE AT THE XX PON EVENT PAPUA

Adequate food intake is one of the keys that will support athlete performance apart from regular and continuous training. An imbalance in food intake will result in athletes experiencing "debt" or even "hoarding" in the body. Periodically this imbalance will be seen in the body mass index of the athlete concerned. This research is a survey research with test and measurement techniques. The sample used in this study were weightlifters and weightlifters in West Kalimantan. The instrument used is a test and measurement of weight and height, as well as food recall 7 x 24 hours. For food recall data, data were collected and entered in the nutrisurvey application. Data analysis using descriptive statistics and correlation test. The results obtained from this study are that there are no athletes who have a normal body mass index and no athletes who have a low energy intake status (below 50% adequacy). In addition, the relationship between body mass index and adequacy of energy intake has a low level of correlation (sig. 0.363). The conclusion obtained from this study is that although the athlete's energy intake adequacy rate is still below 50%, the athlete has a high body mass index. The energy intake adequacy rate was not correlated with the athlete's body mass index

Examining University Students’ Online Privacy Literacy Levels on Social Networking Sites

This research aims to examine the privacy behaviors of university students on social networking sites. For this purpose, first of all, students’ online privacy literacy (OPL) levels on social networking sites were determined. Then it was examined whether these levels differ according to students’ gender, frequency of using social networking sites, and the frequency of changing their privacy settings. Also, the relationship between university students’ OPL levels on social networking sites and their purposes of using social networking sites and the relationship between university students’ OPL levels on social networking sites and social network privacy behaviors were examined. Correlational research and causal-comparative research models were used in the study. The research study group consists of 314 undergraduate students studying in different faculties of a state university. The data of the research were obtained online in the spring semester of 2019-2020. Personal information form, Privacy Settings Experience Questionnaire, Online Privacy Literacy Scale, and Social Privacy Behaviors Questionnaire were used as data collection tools in the research. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation were used to analyze the data obtained in the study. The results showed that university students have a high level of OPL. Besides, female students have higher OPL levels than male students, and their OPL levels are similar according to the social networking sites used and the frequency of changing the privacy settings on these sites. In addition, it was determined that there was a low level of positive correlation between students’ use of social networking sites to follow the agenda and news, like posts or comment on posts, and their privacy behaviors on Facebook and OPL levels on social networking sites

Agreement between the biometric measurements used to calculate the size of the implantable collamer lenses measured with four different technologies.

Purpose:To evaluate the agreement between the biometric measurements used to calculate the size of the implantable collamer lenses (ICL) with different technologies: swept-source optical coherence tomography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and Scheimpflug tomography.Methods:This retrospective observational study included subjects undergoing refractive surgery with posterior chamber phakic IOL implantation to correct their myopia. The anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the horizontal white to white (WTW) or the angle to angle (ATA) distance were measured with the following four devices: the IOLMaster 700 biometer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), based on swept-source optical coherence tomography; the Cirrus and Visante optical coherence tomographs (Carl Zeiss Meditec) based on low-coherence interferometry; and the Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany).Results:In the horizontal corneal diameter measurements, there were statistically significant differences between Pentacam–IOLMaster 700 pair (P < 0.001) and Pentacam–Visante pair (P < 0.001). WTW from CIRRUS showed the lowest correlation when paired with Pentacam and IOLMaster 700 (R2 = 0.452 and 0.385 for Visante and R2 = 0.494 and 0.426 for Cirrus). Regarding the linear correlation of the ACD measurements, all pairs of devices were statistically significant and all of them showed a very good correlation index.Conclusion:There is a good agreement between the different devices under evaluation for ACD measurements. As for WTW, the values measured with the different devices showed large discrepancies with low correlation levels, especially when comparing the tomographs with the other devices under evaluation.

Research on privacy data protection of power wireless network based on heterogeneous data sequence

As an energy industry, the power industry is related to the national economy and the people’s livelihood. It is applied to intensive technology types, and involves all walks of life. Due to the opening of power market and the changes of social economy, such as Internet economy and data economy, the traditional power industry is facing great challenges. Considering the practical problem that the private data anomaly detection model of power network lacks high-quality labeled data set and the anomaly detector is updated in time according to the feedback, an adaptive anomaly detection model of human in the loop is constructed so as to effectively reduce the phenomenon of false positives. This paper proposes an adaptive anomaly detection algorithm based on isolated forest and prediction analysis. The abnormal score is calculated according to the algorithm. The sorting list of abnormal data is given. The samples to be labeled are selected by pal strategy and handed over to the analysts, and then the weight of each side in the database is updated in time according to the labeling feedback. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of this algorithm is 95% under the low manual annotation budget, which is 5%–10% higher than other algorithms. Besides, about 70% abnormal behaviors were detected from 20000 test data. It realizes the purpose of identifying directional network attacks from multi-source heterogeneous and noisy cyberspace data. This research can help the power department quickly find the abnormal behavior caused by network attack, which aims to solve the problems of low intelligence level and lack of correlation between multi-source heterogeneous data in power network attack detection.

The Utility of Breath Analysis in the Diagnosis and Staging of Parkinson's Disease.

The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected in breath samples has the potential to be a rapid, non-invasive test to aid in the clinical diagnosis and tracking of chronic conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). To assess the feasibility and utility of breath sample analysis done, both at point of collection in clinic and when sent away to be analyzed remotely, to diagnose, stratify and monitor disease course in a moderately large cohort of patients with PD. Breath samples were collected from 177 people with PD and 37 healthy matched control individuals followed over time. Standard clinical data (MDS-UPDRS & cognitive assessments) from the PD patients were collected at the same time as the breath sample was taken, these measures were then correlated with the breath test analysis of exhaled VOCs. The breath test was able to distinguish patients with PD from healthy control participants and correlated with disease stage. The off-line system (remote analysis) gave good results with overall classification accuracies across a range of clinical measures of between 73.6% to 95.6%. The on-line (in clinic) system showed comparable results but with lower levels of correlation, varying between 33.5% to 82.4%. Chemical analysis identified 29 potential molecules that were different and which may relate to pathogenic pathways in PD. Breath analysis shows potential for PD diagnostics and monitoring. Both off-line and on-line sensor systems were easy to do and provided comparable results which will enable this technique to be easily adopted in clinic if larger studies confirm our findings.

The Relationship Between the Nurses’ Psychological Resilience Levels and Their Life Balances

The puspose of the current study was to examine the relationship between the psychological resilience and life balance points among nurses. The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional, and conducted with 155 nurses. Data collection instrumetns included a Demographic Form, the Resilience Scale for Adults, and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory- Turkish Form. T-test, one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. The total mean score of the Resilience Scale for Adults of the nurses was determined as 124.30±19.61. Nurses' Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory sub-dimension mean scores were; General Health 32.83±6.73, Quality of Relationship 24.14±5.7, Positive Orientation 25.84±6.13, Depression 19.21±4.85, Spiritual Support 22.47±5.48, Friendship/Intimacy 18.85±3.97, Career/Occupation 15.84±3.94, and Sleep Difficulty 17.54±4.17. Negatively low level between the Resilience Scale for Adults and Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Sleep Difficulty sub-dimension (r=-0.172, p=0.032); A low negative correlation was found between the Adult Resilience Scale, Structural Style sub-dimension and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Quality of Relationships sub-dimension (r=-0.165, p=0.040). The Resilience Sacale for Adults, Family Cohesion sub-dimension and Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Quality of Relationships (r= -0.182, p=0.024); a low negative correlation was found between the sub-dimensions of Positive Orientation (r=-0.170, p=0.035) and Friendship (r=-0.170, p=0.034). There was a low level of positive correlation between the Resilience Scale for Adults's, Self-Perception sub-dimension and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Career/Occupation (r=0.239, p=0.003) and Sleep Difficulty (r=0.231, p=0.004) sub-dimensions. A low level of positive correlation was determined between the Social Resources sub-dimension of the Resilience Scale for Adults and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Positive Orientation (r=0.161, p=0.046) sub-dimension. A low level of negative correlation was found between the Resilience Scale for Adults Scale, Social Resources sub-dimension and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Sleep Difficulty (r=-0.212, p=0.008) sub-dimension. The psychological resilience levels of the nurses are above the average. Nurses' concepts of resilience and life balance may differ based on socio-economic based demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, and economic status.

Correlation of the Right to Keep and Bear Arms with Ensuring the Right to Life and its Protection

The right to keep and bear arms can be considered a means of self-defence and can become a major threat to public safety if the purpose of the use of weapons is not to protect the right to life. The aim of the article is to establish the relationship between the number of weapons in civilian possession and the right to life and protection. The objective involved the following methods: statistical analysis, correlation analysis, generalization and analogy, hypothetical-deductive model. Countries in which the right to keep and bear arms is enshrined at the constitutional level are identified. They also identified the countries with the highest number of weapons stored and born by the population, their indicators were taken as a basis in the study. As a conclusion, it has been found that the correlation between the number of legal and illegal weapons in civilian possession, including per 100,000 inhabitants, the number of weapons kept by law enforcement officers and the number of people killed with weapons has a low level of negative correlation. It was found that the right to keep and bear arms is effective in guaranteeing the right to life and its protection, but not exclusive.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS’ PARENTAL ACCEPTANCE-REJECTION PERCEPTIONS AND INTERNET ADDICTION

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between adolescents' parental acceptance-rejection perceptions and internet addiction. For this purpose, the relationship between adolescents' parental acceptance-rejection perceptions and internet addiction and whether this relationship changed in terms of gender was examined. A total of 500 students, 243 females, 257 males, who studied in different school types located in Atakum district of Samsun province for the 2018-2019 academic year in Samsun province participated in the study. In the study, Parental Acceptance-Rejection Scale Short Form (PARQ), "Internet Addiction Scale" and Personal Information Form were used. The data obtained from the research were analyzed using the SPSS 22 statistical package program. Firstly, Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to examine whether there was a significant relationship between individuals' perceptions of mother and father acceptance-rejection and their Internet addiction levels. According to the analysis results, a moderate negative correlation between "warmth/affection", which is one of the subdimensions of the mother acceptance-rejection scale, and Internet addiction; a positive and low level of significant correlation between "hostility/aggression" and "indifference/neglect" and Internet addiction was found. No significant correlation was found between "undifferentiated rejection", one of the subdimensions of the mother acceptance-rejection scale, and internet addiction. Of the father acceptance-rejection scale sub-dimensions, a negative low significant correlation was found between "warmth/affection" and Internet addiction; a positive low significant correlation was found between "hostility/aggression" and "indifference/neglect" and Internet addiction. Finally, a moderately significant positive correlation was found between "undifferentiated rejection" and internet addiction. In the study, in order to find out whether adolescents' perceptions of maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection are a significant predictor of their Internet addiction levels, Multiple Linear Regression analysis was used. According to the analysis results, it can be seen that undifferentiated rejection, one of the maternal acceptance-rejection variables, was not a significant predictor of Internet addiction level; while the variables of warmth/affection, hostility/aggression and indifference neglect are significant predictors of Internet addiction level. It can be seen that all of the paternal acceptance-rejection variables, namely warmth/affection, hostility/aggression, indifference/neglect and undifferentiated rejection, are significant predictors of adolescents' Internet addiction level. According to the findings of the study, maternal warmth/affection, maternal hostility/aggression, maternal undifferentiated rejection, paternal hostility/aggression, paternal indifference/neglect, paternal undifferentiated rejection and Internet addiction scores do not differ significantly according to gender. On the other hand, maternal indifference/neglect scores and father warmth/affection scores differ significantly according to gender. The findings obtained were discussed in the context of the literature; suggestions were made to guide the researchers in the field and future researchers.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0925/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Are Subjective Intensities Indicators of Player Load and Heart Rate in Physical Education?

Physical education teachers need valid, low-cost, subjective techniques as an alternative to high-cost new technologies to monitor students’ intensity monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between both objective and subjective external (eTL) and internal (iTL) intensities. A total of 95 primary education students participated in this study. In this regard, 40 played soccer, and 55 performed basketball tasks, recording a total of 3956 units of analysis. The intensities caused by the different soccer and basketball tasks were measured using objective techniques (inertial devices and heart rate monitors) and subjective techniques (a sheet of task analysis and ratings of perceived exertion). Matrix scatter plots were made to show the values of two variables for a dataset. In this regard, adjustment lines were plotted to determine the trend of the correlations. Then, Spearman’s correlation was calculated to measure the association between two variables. Despite the low correlation levels obtained, the main results showed significant positive correlations between the intensities. This means that the high intensity values recorded by objective techniques also implied high intensity values recorded by subjective techniques, and vice versa. Negative correlations (r Rho = −0.19; p = 0.00) were only found between the following eTL variables: task eTL per minute (subjective technique) and player load per minute (objective technique). This negative correlation occurred when students played in the same 3 vs. 3 game situation without variability in subjective eTL (M ± SD, 28.00 ± 0.00). Therefore, subjective eTL and iTL techniques could be proposed as a suitable alternative for planning and monitoring the intensities supported by students in physical education classes. Moreover, these subjective techniques are easy to use in schools.

NEONATAL DEATHS IN EMPOWERED ACTION GROUP STATES: MULTILEVEL MODELING TO STUDY THE WITHIN DISTRICT EDUCATION EFFECT ON NEONATAL SURVIVAL

Neonatal Deaths are deaths that occur during rst 28 days of life. It is still very high in demographically poor performing States in India termed as Empowered Action Group (EAG) States. Study using the National Family Health Survey-4 data suggests high neonatal death burden in EAG States including Odisha. Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest neonatal death at 51.6 deaths per 1000 live births and the lowest was recorded in Uttarakhand at 32.3 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births. Neonatal deaths in Chhattisgarh were recorded as 48.2 deaths per 1000 live births, followed by Odisha at 46.9, Madhya Pradesh at 44.9, Bihar at 41.9, Jharkhand at 39.2, Assam at 36.1 and Rajasthan at 34.4 per 1000 live births. The parametric Cox Hazard model was used to study the unobserved heterogeneity. The Weibull distribution shape parameter value greater than one suggests considerable unobserved heterogeneity in the data. Considering district as unit of analysis (group level variable), attempt was made to capture the between district individual variations in neonatal deaths with regard to women educated 12+grades within districts. The low levels of Intra Class Correlation are suggestive of individual level variations than group level differences in studying the variations in neonatal deaths.

Economic importance of correlations for energy and other commodities

This paper uses a non-parametric model to examine time-varying correlations for energy and other commodities and tests their economic importance by combining dynamic correlations with the momentum strategy. Our empirical analysis offers three new findings. First, the profits from a trading strategy that accounts for the patterns in correlations are higher than the profits that do not account for the time-varying correlations. Second, profits are asymmetric to higher and lower levels of correlation. Profits are maximized at higher levels of correlation. These profits are robust to the financialization period and the backwardation and contango phases of the commodity market. Finally, the economic source of profits reveals that profits are largely explained by the basis and momentum factors, the exception being grains and softs portfolios at higher correlation levels.

The MOBH35 Metal-Organic Barrier Heights Reconsidered: Performance of Local-Orbital Coupled Cluster Approaches in Different Static Correlation Regimes.

We have revisited the MOBH35 (Metal–Organic Barrier Heights, 35 reactions) benchmark [Iron, Janes, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2019, 123 ( (17), ), 3761−378130973722; ibid. 2019, 123, 6379–6380] for realistic organometallic catalytic reactions, using both canonical CCSD(T) and localized orbital approximations to it. For low levels of static correlation, all of DLPNO-CCSD(T), PNO-LCCSD(T), and LNO-CCSD(T) perform well; for moderately strong levels of static correlation, DLPNO-CCSD(T) and (T1) may break down catastrophically, and PNO-LCCSD(T) is vulnerable as well. In contrast, LNO-CCSD(T) converges smoothly to the canonical CCSD(T) answer with increasingly tight convergence settings. The only two reactions for which our revised MOBH35 reference values differ substantially from the original ones are reaction 9 and to a lesser extent 8, both involving iron. For the purpose of evaluating density functional theory (DFT) methods for MOBH35, it would be best to remove reaction 9 entirely as its severe level of static correlation makes it just too demanding for a test. The magnitude of the difference between DLPNO-CCSD(T) and DLPNO-CCSD(T1) is a reasonably good predictor for errors in DLPNO-CCSD(T1) compared to canonical CCSD(T); otherwise, monitoring all of T1, D1, max|tiA|, and 1/(εLUMO – εHOMO) should provide adequate warning for potential problems. Our conclusions are not specific to the def2-SVP basis set but are largely conserved for the larger def2-TZVPP, as they are for the smaller def2-SV(P): the latter may be an economical choice for calibrating against canonical CCSD(T). Finally, diagnostics for static correlation are statistically clustered into groups corresponding to (1) importance of single excitations in the wavefunction; (2a) the small band gap, weakly separated from (2b) correlation entropy; and (3) thermochemical importance of correlation energy, as well as the slope of the DFT reaction energy with respect to the percentage of HF exchange. Finally, a variable reduction analysis reveals that much information on the multireference character is provided by T1, IND/Itot, and the exchange-based diagnostic A100[TPSS].

A Study of Red Blood Cell Disorders in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that affecting body systems especially the respiratory system, circulatory system and also hematopoietic system. Objectives: The primary objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and polycythemia in COPD patients. The secondary objectives was to determine factors associated with anemia and polycythemia. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective study. All medical records of COPD patients visiting the lung diseases clinic of HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, were reviewed. Complete blood count, biochemistry laboratory results, lung function test, 6-minute walking distance, frequency of exacerbations and admission were recorded. Results: One hundred twenty-five patients were enrolled. Patients in GOLD stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 41.2%, 47%, 9.8% and 2% respectively. Most of the patients were in group A (50.4%). In our study, the prevalence of anemia in COPD patients was 39.2% and none of the patients had polycythemia. There was no association between GOLD classification or group of COPD and anemia. When analyzed by multiple logistic regression, we found that the higher BMI showed a significantly lower risk of anemia than lower BMI (OR 0.877; 95% CI: 0.795 to 0.967) and the frequency of acute exacerbation correlated with anemic condition statistically significant (OR 1.402, 95% CI: 1.142 to 1.721). Anemia and frequency of exacerbation had&nbsp; very low level of positive correlation (r=0.282) at the significance level. Conclusion: Anemia was common comorbidity in COPD patients. Lower body mass index and frequency of exacerbation were significantly related to anemia. Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Anemia; Polycythemia; Hemoglobin

ЦИФРОВА ЕКОНОМІКА ЯК ФАКТОР ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВИ

Анотація. Досліджено роль цифрової економіки як фактору економічного розвитку держави. Установлено, що вплив цифрової економіки на економічний розвиток держави можна оцінити виходячи з її впливу на макроекономічні показники. Для оцінки впливу цифрової економіки як фактору економічного розвитку України побудовано регресійні моделі впливу цифрової економіки на валовий внутрішній продукт, темп інфляції та обмінний курс гривні відносно щодо США. Установлено, що розвиток ІТ-послуг в Україні має висхідний тренд, надійність якого становить 96 %. Доведено, що кореляція динаміки зростання обсягу наданих ІТ-послуг в Україні та валового внутрішнього продукту становить 79 %. Це доводить існування взаємозв’язку зростання валового внутрішнього продукту і розвитку цифрової економіки в Україні. Доведено обернений вплив розвитку цифрової економіки на темпи інфляції в Україні. Кореляція між ними становить 67 % і має від’ємне значення, оскільки розвиток ІТ-послуг сприяє зменшенню темпів інфляції та забезпечує підтримання цінової стабільності. Виявлено низький рівень кореляції між обсягом ІТ-послуг в Україні та динамікою обмінного курсу гривні щодо долара США. Це зумовлено тим, що ІТ-послуги споживаються резидентами і призводять до безпосереднього припливу іноземної валюти в Україну. Тестування моделей впливу цифрової економіки, що представлена ІТ-послугами, на показники економічного розвитку України показало: статистично значимий вплив ІТ-послуги мають на темп інфляції. Установлено, що низький вплив цифрової економіки на валовий внутрішній продукт в Україні зумовлений малою часткою цифрової економіки. Доведено, що зі збільшенням питомої ваги цифрової економіки її вплив на економічний розвиток держави зростає. Прогнозування трендових значень параметрів економічного розвитку показало, що в майбутньому в Україні зростатиме обсяг ІТ-послуг, а це сприятиме підтриманню цінової стабільності та зростанню обсягу валового внутрішнього продукту. За умови експорту ІТ-послуг цифрова економіка здійснюватиме позитивний вплив на укріплення гривні щодо долара США. Ключові слова: цифрова економіка, економічний розвиток, ВВП, інфляція, обмінний курс. Формул: 4; рис.: 4; табл.: 3; бібл.: 15.

Прогноз розрахунку коефіцієнту розмолоздатності вугільних шихт.

It is shown that the method for determining the grinding ability according to Hardgrove remains and it is the most common, informative and universal of all the methods for assessing the physical and mechanical properties of solid fossil fuels from the point of view of their industrial processing. Therefore, it is of practical interest to formulate the main principles for determining the grind ability of real industrial coal charges by this method. The actual approved coal charges of the main coke-chemical enterprises of Ukraine at the time of the experiment (January 2022) were taken as objects of study. The components of the charge were distributed by grades, coal of each grade was represented by one typical component of this grade, the participation of which in the charge is the largest. The studied coal grades were subjected to technical, plastometric, petrographic, elemental and granulometric (&gt;13; 3–13; 1–3; 0.5–1; &lt;0.5 mm) analyzes. In addition, the indicators of oxidation of this coal were determined. The coefficients of grinding ability HGI of coal mixtures, which included coal of different degrees of metamorphism of four main grades, were determined. The presence of systematic deviations of the actual values of HGI coal charges during their joint preparation from their calculated values in the direction of decreasing the HGI coefficient (to harder coal) has been established. It has also been established that as the grind ability coefficient increases, its deviation from the calculated values decreases. A mathematical dependence has been revealed that makes it possible to predict the HGI value of coal charge according to the data on the grind ability coefficients of individual components. It is shown that forecasting the values of the HGI grind ability coefficients of coal charges by the content of vitrinite in them, as well as by the formula for calculating HGI from Vdaf, is inappropriate due to the low level of correlation and determination coefficients. Keywords: coal, coal blends, Hardgrove HGI, additivity, graphical dependencies, mathematical equations. Corresponding author V.V. Koval, e-mail: kovalen79@gmail.com

The relationship between perceived freedom, leisure involvement, and happiness of individuals participating in physical activities

Background: ‪‪This study is aimed to determine the relationship between the perceived freedom, involvement and happiness of individuals participating in physical activities. Material and Methods: ‪The sample of the study consisted of 523 members. The Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale, the Leisure Involvement Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form were used as data collection tools. In analysing the data, independent t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used. Results: ‪‪Independent t-Test results determined a significant difference between OHQ-SF scores according to the participants’ gender. MANOVA analysis result showed that the main effect of the gender variable on the sub-dimensions of LIS was significant, and there was a difference in all sub-dimensions. The main effect of marital status on the sub-dimensions of LIS was significant, while there was a positive and low-level relationship between age and OHQ-SF. Conclusions: ‪The levels of OHQ-SF, PFLS-25 and LIS differ depending on the individuals’ socio-demographic characteristics. Moreover, there was a positive and low level of relationship between OHQ-SF and PFLS-25 and LIS, and a positive and low level of correlation between PFLS-25.