Lower Levelized Cost Of Energy Research Articles

All‐DC offshore wind farms: When are they more cost‐effective than AC designs?

AbstractThe use of MVDC collector systems has been proposed as a way to reduce the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of offshore wind farms. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the conditions required for such all‐DC wind farms to be cost‐effective. A comprehensive LCOE analysis of two AC and two all‐DC wind farm designs is performed, with sensitivity studies on wind farm size, distance from shore, collector voltage, and component costs. The results show that for MVDC‐based wind farms to be more cost‐effective than equivalent HVDC wind farms, the DC/DC converter cost must be less than 90% of the cost of an equivalent MMC, with a cost reduction of 25% for the DC platform. Alternatively, if cost reductions of 30% can be achieved for the DC platform, then the DC/DC converter can be the same cost as an equivalent MMC. For all‐MVDC wind farms without HVDC conversion stage to have the lowest LCOE, the collector voltage must be increased, preferably to ±100 kV or above. The all‐MVDC configuration can also become cost‐effective if a reduction of more than 50% in the cable installation cost can be achieved, for example, through the simultaneous burial of multiple cables.

Optimization of the electricity generation mix using economic criteria with zero-emissions for stand-alone systems: Case applied to Grand Canary Island in Spain

The extensive use of greenhouse gas-free energy sources is essential to achieve net zero emissions targets in electricity generation by mid-century; if such sources also increase the economic competitiveness by producing cheaper energy, the outlook is even better. With this purpose, the current study presents the combined use of the NuScale design, a promising type of small modular reactor (SMR), along with renewable sources and storage technologies. The widespread use of highly variable generation sources, such as wind and solar PV, poses significant challenges in trying to match electricity generation and demand. Therefore, more reliable generation sources and/or storage technologies combined with these highly volatile sources are necessary to meet the demand with guarantees and affordable costs. This issue is even more pronounced in isolated regions, such as islands, where at least one more reliable generation source and/or substantial energy storage capacity is required. The system, in many cases, is autonomous and needs to be 100% self-sufficient. Furthermore, to achieve the future goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to eliminate fossil fuels in all areas, particularly in power generation, which significantly contributes to the total greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, developing techniques to assess the feasibility of the combined use of different carbon-free technologies is required. Using renewable energies with nuclear energy coupled with storage technologies is a very good possibility to achieve these objectives. It was, in all likelihood, the best option in the case of isolated locations where the system must be self-sufficient precisely because of its isolation. The use of nuclear energy is a key part of the analysis if there is no reliable energy capable of covering approximately the off-peak demand, the rest of the systems will have to be greatly oversized, i.e., the power to be installed from renewables and/or storage will be unaffordable. Therefore, it is very useful to study these problems, especially in the case of islands. Specifically, this analysis has been applied to the Island of Grand Canary in Spain. This island has about 1500 km2 and nearly one million inhabitants, with a off-peak electricity demand of about 250 MW and a peak demand value of about 500 MW. The software HOMER was used to analyze and compare different alternatives, estimating the best combination to get the lower Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE). The system's total initial investment cost is 1968 M€, the LCOE is 7.8 c€/kWh (25 years), and the payback is around 6.4 years.

Utilization of renewable hybrid energy for refueling station in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

Hydrogen is one of the energy carriers that can be produced using different techniques. Combining multiple energy sources can enhance hydrogen production and meet other electrical demands. The hybrid arrangement allows the produced hydrogen to be stored and used when the electrical energy sources are not adequate. In this study, utilizing the meteorological data was investigated using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) software for the optimal solution. The results demonstrated that the “best-optimized system has 270 kW of photovoltaic (PV), 1 unit of 300 kW of wind turbine (WT), 500 kW of electrolyzer, 100 kg/L of the hydrogen tank, 70 units of 1 kWh lithium-ion battery, and 472 kW of the converter. The selected hybrid energy system has the lowest Levelized cost of energy (LCOE), Levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH), and net present cost (NPC) of $/kg 0.6208, $/kg 9.34, and $ 484,360.00 respectively which judged the system to be the best choice for the proposed hydrogen project in AI-Kharj. This investigation will help stakeholders and policymakers optimize hybrid energy systems that economically meet the hydrogen production and refueling station demands of the AI-Kharj community.

To dee or not to dee: costs and benefits of altering the triangularity of a steady-state DEMO-like reactor

Shaping a tokamak plasma to have a negative triangularity may allow operation in an edge-localized mode-free L-mode regime and with a larger strike-point radius, ameliorating divertor power-handling requirements. However, the shaping has a potential drawback in the form of a lower no-wall ideal beta limit, found using the MHD codes chease and dcon. Using the new fusion systems code faroes, we construct a steady-state DEMO2 reactor model. This model is essentially zero-dimensional and neglects variations in physical mechanisms like turbulence, confinement, and radiative power limits, which could have a substantial impact on the conclusions deduced herein. Keeping its shape otherwise constant, we alter the triangularity and compute the effects on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). If the tokamak is limited to a fixed B field, then unless other means to increase performance (such as reduced turbulence, improved current drive efficiency or higher density operation) can be leveraged, a negative-triangularity reactor is strongly disfavored in the model due to lower β N limits at negative triangularity, which leads to tripling of the LCOE. However, if the reactor is constrained by divertor heat fluxes and not by magnet engineering, then a negative-triangularity reactor with higher B 0 could be favorable: we find a class of solutions at negative triangularity with lower peak heat flux and lower LCOE than those of the equivalent positive triangularity reactors.

Effective dispatch strategies assortment according to the effect of the operation for an islanded hybrid microgrid

The optimized design of a freestanding hybrid microgrid for various distinct dispatch controls is assessed in this paper, which considers the optimal sizes of individual components, system response, and reliability analysis. The effective design and management of stand-alone islanded hybrid smartgrids are getting increasingly importance and influences as the prevalence of renewable energy in microgrids grows. Melville Island, off the coast of eastern Queensland, Australia, is taken as the test microgrid in this study. For the optimal sizing and techno-economic assessment of the intended hybrid microgrid system consist of of solar diesel generator, PV , battery storage, and wind turbine, four dispatch approaches have been unitized: load following, generator order, combined dispatch, and cycle charging strategy. The proposed off-grid microgrid's CO2 emissions, total net present cost (NPC), and the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) have all been optimized. In HOMER software, all the possible dispatch algorithms were analyzed, and the power system responses and reliability study were carried out using DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The findings of the study are useful for determining the optimum hybrid combination and available resources for the best performance of an off-grid microgrid employing various dispatch mechanisms. Following the simulation data, load-following is the best dispatch mechanism for stand-alone microgrid architecture since it has the lowest LCOE and NPC.

Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Novel Hybrid Offshore Wind and Wave Energy System

In the past few years, advanced technologies such as floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) and wave energy converters (WECs) have been developed. As demonstrated by the innovative hybrid platform Poseidon, the feasibility of combining floating wind turbines and wave energy converters has already been explored. Furthermore, diversification of offshore renewable energy technologies reduces power fluctuations and lowers investment costs. This paper focuses on the development of an integrated wind and wave platform and the creation of a numerical model to evaluate the system performance for the Belmullet site. The novel concept consists of the semi-submersible Nautilus platform, integrated with four-point absorbers. A hydro-servo-aero time-domain model, combining WEC-Sim with an in-house wind turbine model, simulated the device motion and estimated the power generated. The performance of the Wave Energy Converters (WECs) was optimised based on their Power Take Off (PTO) damping. Finally, the hybrid concept was compared with the simple FOWT concerning the energy produced, Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and hydrodynamic stability. The hybrid configuration proved to be a promising solution with 10% lower LCOE and improved hydrodynamic stability evaluated in terms of nacelle acceleration and platform pitch motion. These results show that wind and wave could be one of the best solutions for the future of the marine energy sector and the energy transition.

Wind power generation in Brazil: An overview about investment and scale analysis in 758 projects using the Levelized Cost of Energy

This paper studied 758 Brazilian wind power projects on the basis of energy auctions between 2009 and 2019 and analyzed investment and scale. It also provided an overview of the expected performance of these projects, especially in terms of costs and economic feasibility, using the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Our intention is to present results that allow us to question if the policies for this renewable energy have been effective in Brazil. The evolvement of these projects became clear in the findings, namely in the increase of capacity factors, and in the reduction in total investment and LCOE. The scale of majority of the projects are under the scale of 31 MW of installed capacity, and the projects above this threshold have lower LCOE, resulting in an inconclusive discussion if it might be seen as evidence of scale gains. The LCOE values were calculated using the two main taxation methods in Brazil, confirming the market expectations that the presumed profit method provides lower expenses than the actual profit method. The projects are expected to be in a critical economic situation, with LCOE averages being far higher than the auction price averages, raising concerns about the Brazilian renewable energy policies.

Efficiency Enhancement of Tilted Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules with Horizontal Single-Axis Tracker—The Bifacial Companion Method

Bifacial photovoltaic modules combined with horizontal single-axis tracker are widely used to achieve the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE). In this study, to further increase the power production of photovoltaic systems, the bifacial companion method is proposed for light supplementation and the efficiency enhancement of tilted bifacial modules with a horizontal single-axis tracker. Specifically, a solar reflector is added to the rear end of the tilted bifacial photovoltaic module to guide the sunlight and promote power generation on the rear end. The technical feasibility of the proposed method is verified through optimal calculation and prototype experimental test. The theoretical calculation results suggest that the bifacial companion system is particularly suitable for mid-to-high latitude areas. The higher the latitude, the higher the gain ratio of generated power in the system; there is an optimal module tilt angle that maximizes the efficiency at different latitudes. The closer the module tilt angle to the optimal tilt angle, the higher the power generation efficiency of the system. Meanwhile, compared to the fixed solar reflector, the use of tracking solar reflector is more conducive to improving the power generation efficiency of the system. For the 37.5° latitude area, the annual average power generation gain ratio of the bifacial companion system with tracking solar reflector and fixed solar reflector can reach up to 30% and 17%, respectively. Additionally, the test results for the three sets of bifacial companion prototypes (module tilt angles of 10°, 20°, and 30°) with a fixed solar reflector show that the maximum gain ratio of daily power generation in August 2021 are 8.2%, 13%, and 18.1%, and that in September 2021 are 7%, 8.7% and 13.7%, respectively, which are consistent with the theoretical results.

Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Off-Grid Applications in Chad

In this study, a techno-economic feasibility analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems for four household categories in rural areas of Chad was studied based on the multi-criteria assessment technique. The problem of this study is to know the best optimal solution in the technical and economic feasibility study of the decentralized mini-grids for the rural electrification of isolated villages in Chad. The main objective of the work is to assess technically, economically and environmentally the feasibility of six scenarios of hybrid systems in five isolated sites in Chad. The performance analysis involved six scenarios of possible hybrid solutions while achieving a supply-demand balance for sustainable electrification of the remote villages, using the HOMER software. The results have shown that the optimum combination of the hybrid system was the photovoltaic/battery system with a Net Present Cost (NPC) of US $ 328,146 and it was found at Etena village. The photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel/Battery hybrid configuration was the least optimum system and it has appeared in Mandelia village. In terms of energy cost, the lowest Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) was estimated at US $ 0.236/kWh in a photovoltaic/Wind/Battery configuration at Koundoul site and the highest costs US $ 0.363/kWh in the photovoltaic/Battery configuration at the Linia site. It is established that hybrid solutions can be developed to make electricity available and accessible to the population of the remote rural areas in Chad. However, it is imperative that the local government must subsidize the diesel price to promote the adaptation of the abundant renewable solutions.

Light-induced performance of SHJ solar modules under 2000 h illumination

The light-induced degradation (LID) of solar module leads to severe loss in generated power due to the formation of recombination active defects. The silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells based on n-type wafers are less affected by the LID test. In this paper, the glass/back sheet structure (GBS) modules with different encapsulant materials (TPO, POE, EVA) were laminated to evaluate their performance changes under 2000 h light soaking stress for the first time. The current-voltage (light I–V, dark I–V) parameters of the modules were measured, as well as the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and electroluminescence (EL), to verify the effect of light irradiation on SHJ solar modules. The SHJ modules with different encapsulant materials show excellent light-induced reliability. There is no degradation after 2000 h light irradiation, and even exhibits light-induced performance increase. The gain in output power (Pmax) is up to 1.41%, which is primarily due to an improved open-circuit Voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) as the result of a reduced density of recombination-active interface states. The front sheet/back sheet (FBS) modules also verified the accumulated light-induced stress could result in deteriorating interconnection between SHJ solar cell and ribbon, which suffers from significant output power degradation. The LID-free SHJ solar cells show great potential for lower levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of photovoltaic power generation.

On-Sun Testing of a High-Temperature Solar Receiver’s Flux Distribution

Abstract Concentrated solar power (CSP) is a promising technology in transitioning to renewable energy because of its abundance in nature and thermal energy storage (TES) capability. Among the four types of available CSP technology, including parabolic trough, linear Fresnel, power tower, and parabolic dishes, a power tower using a central receiver has more potential to generate high-temperature heat in a scale supporting power cycles efficiency and achieve low levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Other than the conventional type of receiver design, the high-absorptive receiver concept developed and presented in this paper is novel in its design approach. The novel receiver design originated from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) consists of an array of solar flux absorb tubes. The solar absorb tubes require uniform flux distribution and in-depth flux penetration through the three different reflective sections of tubes in a hexagonal shape. To evaluate this unique receiver design and thermal performance, the flux distribution, flux uniformity, and intensity were numerically simulated using ansys fluent and SolTrace modeling program. On-sun testing has been done at NREL high flux solar testing facility, based on the computational analysis.

Hybrid Wind Turbine Towers Optimization with a Parallel Updated Particle Swarm Algorithm

The prestressed concrete–steel hybrid (PCSH) wind turbine tower, characterized by replacing the lower part of the traditional full-height steel tube wind turbine tower with a prestressed concrete (PC) segment, provides a potential alterative solution to transport difficulties and risks associated with traditional steel towers in mountainous areas. This paper proposes an optimization approach with a parallel updated particle swarm optimization (PUPSO) algorithm which aims at minimizing the objective function of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the PCSH wind turbine towers in a life cycle perspective which represents the direct investments, labor costs, machinery costs, and the maintenance costs. Based on the constraints required by relevant specifications and industry standards, the geometry of a PCSH wind turbine tower for a 2 MW wind turbine is optimized using the proposed approach. The dimensions of the PCSH wind turbine tower are treated as optimization variables in the PUPSO algorithm. Results show that the optimized PCSH wind turbine tower can be an economic alternative for wind farms with lower LCOE requirements. In addition, compared with the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and UPSO algorithm, the proposed PUPSO algorithm can enhance the optimization computation efficiency by about 60–110%.

Suppression of potential-induced degradation in monofacial PERC solar cells with gradient-designed capping layer

The potential-induced degradation (PID) of p-type crystalline silicon passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) is a critical issue causing severe output power loss. In this paper, a gradient-designed capping layer consisting of silicon nitride/silicon oxynitride/silicon oxide (SiNx/SiNxOy/SiOx) is proposed as the surface coating for p-type PERC solar cells. The capping layer improves the short wavelength spectral response due to its better anti-reflection effect. An impressive efficiency of 23.52% has been achieved on mass production line. A long-term PID evolution up to 672 h is performed for glass/back sheet PERC cell modules under stringent conditions with the ambient temperature of 85 °C, relative humidity of 85%, and the applied voltage of 1500 V. The current–voltage (light I-V, dark I-V) parameters of the modules were measured, as well as the electroluminescence, to evaluate the effect of sodium ion migration in PERC solar cells. It is shown that monofacial PERC solar modules suffer from shunt of PN junction under PID stress, which can be obviously suppressed by gradient-designed capping layers. The optimized PERC solar modules show excellent PID resistance, showing great potential for lower levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of photovoltaic power generation.

Effect of Two Different Heat Transfer Fluids on the Performance of Solar Tower CSP by Comparing Recompression Supercritical CO2 and Rankine Power Cycles, China

China intends to develop its renewable energy sector in order to cut down on its pollution levels. Concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies are expected to play a key role in this agenda. This study evaluated the technical and economic performance of a 100 MW solar tower CSP in Tibet, China, under different heat transfer fluids (HTF), i.e., Salt (60% NaNO3 40% KNO3) or HTF A, and Salt (46.5% LiF 11.5% NaF 42% KF) or HTF B under two different power cycles, namely supercritical CO2 and Rankine. Results from the study suggest that the Rankine power cycle with HTF A and B recorded capacity factors (CF) of 39% and 40.3%, respectively. The sCO2 power cycle also recorded CFs of 41% and 39.4% for HTF A and HTF B, respectively. A total of 359 GWh of energy was generated by the sCO2 system with HTF B, whereas the sCO2 system with HTF A generated a total of 345 GWh in the first year. The Rankine system with HTF A generated a total of 341 GWh, while the system with B as its HTF produced a total of 353 GWh of electricity in year one. Electricity to grid mainly occurred between 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. throughout the year. According to the results, the highest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) (real) of 0.1668 USD/kWh was recorded under the Rankine cycle with HTF A. The lowest LCOE (real) of 0.1586 USD/kWh was obtained under the sCO2 cycle with HTF B. In general, all scenarios were economically viable at the study area; however, the sCO2 proved to be more economically feasible according to the simulated results.

A fast reduced model for a shell-and-tube based latent heat thermal energy storage heat exchanger and its application for cost optimal design by nonlinear programming

Numerical simulation of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems plays a fundamental role in studying the physical process and guiding the engineering design. Discretization of the PDEs describing the nonlinear solidification/melting process of phase change materials (PCMs) leads to a large-scale complex dynamics system, where the system behavior depends on a set of parameters. In a design setting, repeated model evaluations are required over the set of parameters results in significant computational burden. In this paper, an explicit analytic solution was built for the propagation of the solidification front in a cylindrical coordinate. The analytic solution approach is further employed to develop a low computational reduced model (RM) as a module for a shell-and-tube based LHTES heat exchanger. The levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is used as a design metric and the RM model is used to apply system-level constraints in the nonlinear programming formulation that facilitates efficient global optimal design of the PCM properties, flow conditions and tube geometries. The use of LCOE as the design metric prevents over design of the heat transfer rate and also establishes a fair ground for evaluation of different thermal storage technologies and their integrated applications with other systems. Optimal results showed that a higher effectiveness results in a higher LCOE; the velocity of the HTF and the length of the channel are highly correlated with each other; both larger PCM latent energy and conductivity result in lower LCOE.

Optimal Battery Energy Storage Dispatch Strategy for Small-Scale Isolated Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Different Load Profile Patterns

Most inhabited islands in Indonesia are powered by expensively known diesel generators and isolated from the primary grid due to either geographical or economic reasons. Meanwhile, the diesel generator can be combined with a photovoltaic (PV) system and Battery Energy Storage (BES) system to form a hybrid power generation system to reduce the energy cost and increase renewable energy penetration. For this, proper sizing of each power generation component is required, one of which is influenced by the applied control strategy. This paper proposes an optimal BES dispatch (OBD) control strategy that optimizes the power generation components’ sizing. The method examines the shortcomings of the other popular control strategies, such as load following, cycle charging, or combination. The optimization objectives are to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and maximize the renewable energy (RE) penetration, which can be achieved by prioritizing the BES to supply the load over other available generations and charge the BES every time the generator operates. The proposed method is implemented at two different systems with different load profiles. As a result, the proposed control strategy provides lower LCOE while maintaining higher RE penetration than the other control strategies in both locations.

Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis of On-Grid Battery Energy Storage Systems in Indonesia

The limited capacity of renewable energy sources in the grid utility is a challenge. Increasing the capacity of renewable energy sources is supported by energy storage in the grid. The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) allows storing more electricity from New and Renewable Energy (EBT) sources to meet load requirements. This paper designs a techno-economic study of various battery technologies using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Modeling Software) software simulation. Simulations are made for grid-connected photovoltaic systems in Indonesia. HOMER is used to find the energy cost ($ / kWh) for each type of battery technology and battery system size. The simulation is designed using 1MWp PV component parameters, inverter, energy storage to be compared, residental load, and connected to the grid. The results will help to determine which technology and battery size is more suitable for the system. The findings from this paper resulted in the lowest Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE) of $ 1.03 in solar power generation.

Load matching and techno-economic analysis of CSP plant with S–CO2 Brayton cycle in CSP-PV-wind hybrid system

In this work, the load matching and techno-economic performance of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants based on four supercritical CO2 (S–CO2) Brayton cycles, different solar multiple (SM) and thermal energy storage (TES) capacities are analyzed in a CSP-PV-wind hybrid system. The performance of CSP plant for meeting varied power demand in hybrid system and stable power demand are compared. Results show the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of CSP plant based on partial-cooling cycle under load following scenarios in hybrid system is 32.1% higher than that under stable output scenarios. The optimal SM to achieve the lowest LCOE under stable output scenarios is much larger than that under load following scenarios in hybrid system. As SM and TES capacity increase, the capacity factor of hybrid system increases and can even exceed 90%, which represents that CSP plant can cooperate well with PV and wind plants to provide stable base loads. The LCOE of CSP plant first decreases and then increases with the increase of SM and TES capacities. The CSP plant based on partial-cooling cycle has the best economic performance, and achieves the lowest LCOE of 0.2169 $/kWh with SM of 2.4 and TES capacity of 20 h.

The Influence of Sizing of Wave Energy Converters on the Techno-Economic Performance

Currently, the techno-economic performance of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) is not competitive with other renewable technologies. Size optimization could make a difference. However, the impact of sizing on the techno-economic performance of WECs still remains unclear, especially when sizing of the buoy and Power Take-Off (PTO) are considered collectively. In this paper, an optimization method for the buoy and PTO sizing is proposed for a generic heaving point absorber to reduce the Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE). Frequency domain modeling is used to calculate the power absorption of WECs with different buoy and PTO sizes. Force constraints are used to represent the effects of PTO sizing on the absorbed power, in which the passive and reactive control strategy are considered, respectively. A preliminary economic model is established to calculate the cost of WECs. The proposed method is implemented for three realistic sea sites, and the dependence of the optimal size of WECs on wave resources and control strategies is analyzed. The results show that PTO sizing has a limited effect on the buoy size determination, while it can reduce the LCOE by 24% to 31%. Besides, the higher mean wave power density of wave resources does not necessarily correspond to the larger optimal buoy or PTO sizes, but it contributes to the lower LCOE. In addition, the optimal PTO force limit converges at around 0.4 to 0.5 times the maximum required PTO force for the corresponding sea sites. Compared with other methods, this proposed method shows a better potential in sizing and reducing LCOE.

Technical and Financial Analysis in Biogas Power Plant for a Layer Poultry Farm

A layer poultry farm that produces commercial eggs discharges wastewater from the manure washing process, which is collected in a plastic sheet covered lagoon and used to generate biogas through an anaerobic digestion process. This paper proposes a biogas power plant design for a case study of a 100,000 layers cage farm to meet the power demand and electricity requirement, considering both technical and financial analysis. The potential in biogas production is determined using mathematical models and constraints based on a previous similar research technology. The gas engine and generator converting biogas to electricity are sized based on the collecting data of currently peak power demand, electricity requirement and estimate to the full-scale production of the farm. The initial investment as the major component cost is obtained from the supplier bill of quotations and the annual expense is estimated by the maintenance cost of time of operation leading to achieve the financial parameters. The result shows the range of energy production based on the number of operating cage houses in the farm, supporting 44% of the energy requirement. To maximize the benefit, the power plant is programmed to support all power demand during the daytime, known as the on-peak period which is charged with the highest tariff rate. The financial analysis is recognized by its positive Net Present Value (NPV), the higher Internal Rate of Return (IRR) than expected return rate, and the lower Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) than the electricity cost charged by the utility.