Low-level Skills Research Articles

Legal Protection for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in the Perspective of Job Creation Act

The Job Creation Law, or often referred to as the Omnibus Law, has become a hot topic of debate in the community. On one hand, there are those who support this law on the grounds that it can accelerate economic growth and create new jobs. History shows that MSMEs have tremendous resilience in the face of economic crises. When the economic crisis hit in 1998 and 2008, MSMEs were relatively able to survive compared to large companies. Despite their great potential, MSMEs in Indonesia face various challenges. One of the main challenges is limited access to financing. Many MSMEs struggle to obtain sufficient working capital to expand their businesses. In addition, the low level of education and skills of the workforce is also an obstacle in improving the productivity and competitiveness of MSMEs. The research process using literature studies began with a descriptive qualitative research type. Legal protection for MSMEs is currently better regulated through the Job Creation Law and Government Regulation Number 7 of 2021. Both regulations pay special attention to financing and legal assistance for MSMEs, including legal counseling, legal consultation, mediation, and out-of-court assistance

Impacts of meat spoilage on economy and public health

The meat spoilage cause shortening of shelf life of the meat, So it has negative effect on economy on economy. The meat spoilage occurred due to microbial growth so the meat spoilage has public health hazard. The meat preservation started with mankind from day one of living and is still carried in every type of meat such as beef, mutton fish, poultry and their products. The basic concept of the meat preservation is to increase the shelf life of the meat and meat product without deteriorating the quality and texture of the meat products by delaying the growth of different types of bacterial and fungal organism. The transformation of any meat from edible to inedible with the denaturation of the texture, quality and the taste of the product in the presence of organisms as bacterial and fungal growth that deteriorate the meat. Every year the economy of every country in the world faces a huge loss in the meat and meat products because of the meat spoilage and low level of preservation skills carried out in the handling and processing. The basic mechanisms of the meat spoilage are bacterial activity, lipid oxidation and enzymatic activity. The oldest preservation methods include drying, salting, pickling and smoking that’s are helpful in the preservation with the freezing; however, with the passage of time new methods of the preservation got invented including freezing, chilling and irradiation that increased the preservation duration and their ease in application. Now a day’s preservation is done for every type of the meat and meat products by using of different modern techniques such as the chilling and different types of freezing methods, ultimately increasing the shelf life, quality and texture of products by almost neutralizing the growth of bacterial organisms.

The influence of robot applications on rural labor transfer

Employment is a pivotal driver for ensuring and enhancing people’s livelihoods, with stable employment forming the bedrock for achieving high-quality economic development. In this study, CMDS data from 2014–2018, IFR data, and micro-data from China’s Second National Economic Census were utilized to analyze the impact of robot applications on rural labor migration in China, exploring both theoretical and empirical dimensions, particularly the crowding-out effect. The research findings suggest that robot applications influence labor demand through expansion and substitution effects. The results show robot applications significantly increased the probability of rural labor considering re-migration, with a 1% increase in urban robot density resulting in a 0.249% increase in the likelihood of rural labor re-migration. In addition, robot applications were found to reduce the migration rate of urban labor and increase the probability of rural laborers returning to the agricultural sector. Based on mechanism analyses, robot applications were found to have pronounced passive effects in accelerating rural labor migration, particularly among groups with lower skill levels, individuals aged over 44, those in low-skilled occupations, those possessing strong mobility, and those residing in economically developed areas. The conclusions of this study provide new insights for stabilizing employment and optimizing rural labor migration in the context of artificial intelligence development.

Preparing future educational psychologists to prevent school bullying

Relevance. School bullying is a widespread problem that requires effective prevention strategies. However, many teachers and educational psychologists lack sufficient knowledge and skills to address bullying. There is a need to better prepare future educational psychologists to prevent and intervene in bullying situations. Purpose. The purpose of the research article is to develop and test an elective course for training future educational psychologists in bullying prevention in Kazakhstan schools. Methodology. An elective course titled �Prevention of school bullying: from theory to practice� was developed and implemented with third-year bachelor's students in Pedagogy and Psychology at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The course included theoretical and practical components. Students' knowledge and skills were assessed before and after the course using tests and case studies. Results. Prior to the course, most students demonstrated low levels of knowledge and skills related to bullying prevention. After completing the course, students in the experimental group showed significant improvements, with 64% reaching a high level of competency compared to 0% in the control group. The course helped students acquire both theoretical knowledge and practical skills for addressing bullying. Conclusions. The elective course was effective in developing future educational psychologists' professional competencies for bullying prevention. Recommendations are provided for improving bullying prevention efforts in Kazakhstan schools, including raising awareness, providing training for teachers and psychologists, and maintaining communication with parents. The study demonstrates the importance of practice-oriented training in preparing educational psychologists to address school bullying. Keywords: bullying; bullying prevention; school violence; educational psychologist; educational environment; anti-bullying course

Exploring the World of Numeracy: An Analysis of Third-Grade Elementary School Students

Numeracy literacy is a crucial skill that students must master, as strong numeracy skills can support other forms of literacy. However, in some regions, numeracy skills are still at a relatively low level. This is the reason behind conducting research aimed at assessing the numeracy literacy skills of third-grade students in elementary schools. This research is of a quantitative descriptive nature, involving a sample of 32 subjects. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and tests. The interactive data analysis model consists of three main steps: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions (verification). The research results indicate that students' numeracy literacy skills are in the low category. This is evident from the calculated scores of each student. The study also identifies, among the six components of numeracy literacy measured in this research, that the indicator requiring the most attention is the use of measurement tools, including topics such as length, time, area, and others. This condition is supported by findings from other methods, which reveal that teachers have relatively low awareness when it comes to using concrete teaching materials. This is one of the factors contributing to the low level of numeracy literacy skills.

Digital Skills, STEM Occupation, and Job Automation Risks Among the Older Workers in the United States.

Advancing automation technologies are replacing certain occupations such as those involving simple food preparation more than occupations such as those in STEM fields (e.g., engineering and health care). Older workers generally face higher job automation risks in part due to their lower levels of digital skills. A better understanding of the associations between job automation risk, digital skills, and type of occupation (e.g., STEM vs non-STEM) can facilitate preparations for job automation and workforce population aging. We analyzed a nationally representative sample (N = 1,560) of middle-aged and older U.S. workers aged 50-74 years from the 2012/2014/2017 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) restricted-use file. The estimated job automation risks (i.e., percentage of jobs to be automated in the next decades) were derived from the previous studies. PIAAC digital problem-solving skills proficiency (measured on a scale of 0-500 points) was assessed based on a series of practical digital tasks (e.g., finding a job research website that does not require registration). Linear regression analysis showed that greater digital skill proficiency (b = -0.04, p < .05) and STEM occupations (b = -17.78, p < .001) each were associated with lower job automation risks, even after adjusting for a series of demographic, socioeconomic, and civic engagement characteristics. Education and labor policy interventions to promote digital skills among older workers and non-STEM workers may better prepare an aging workforce for the dynamic labor market needs in the United States.

아동양육시설 초등학생들의 기초문해력 실태 조사

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of basic literacy skills among elementary school students in residential child care institution based on their reading development. A total of 118 students participated in the reading screening test. According to the results of the screening test, students with severe reading difficulties were classified as ‘at risk’, students with reading difficulties were classified as ‘some risk’, and students with average and above average reading levels were classified as ‘typical’. The ‘at risk’ students were administered the Korean language acquisition and word recognition tests, while students in the ‘some risk’, and ‘typical’, were administered the reading fluency and comprehension tests. The main research findings are as follows. First, elementary school students in residential child care institution generally showed low levels of basic literacy skills. Second, almost students in the ‘at risk’ group were found to have difficulty in word recognition. Third, students in the ‘some risk’ and ‘typical’ groups were found to have greater difficulty in reading comprehension than reading fluency. Based on these research results, implications for enhancing basic literacy skills of elementary school students in residential child care institution were proposed.

Youth`s psychosocial characteristics in agriculture: The case of Bukidnon, Philippines

The study sought to analyze the youth`s psychosocial characteristics in Agriculture in Bukidnon, Philippines. Specifically, this study aimed to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the senior high school students; assess the knowledge of the students in agriculture; determine the student’s attitude towards agriculture and to identify the student’s motivation towards agriculture as a degree program. Data were gathered through guided interview/survey that was personally administered to 383 respondents who were in Grade 12 senior high school students in the DepEd, District of Bukidnon. Focus group discussion and key informant interview were also used in the study. Descriptive statistical tools such as mean, rank, percentage, and frequency counts were employed. Findings of the study reveal that the respondents of the study are mostly female, and have experiences in farming. Their parents have moderate level of education. More than half of the respondents’ families do not own a piece of land used in agriculture. They are willing to engage in agriculture but are not willing to enroll in an agriculture degree. These youth have low level of knowledge and skills in agriculture and have favorable attitude and positive motivation towards a degree.

Video Animasi Sparkol sebagai Media Pembelajaran Literasi dan Numerasi Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 24 Surabaya

Indonesia is one of the countries with a low level of literacy and numeracy skills. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) continues to strive to realize a culture of literacy and numeracy and encourage Indonesian people to be able to improve literacy and numeracy skills. Literacy and numeracy are very important skills that are built early and practiced from an early age so that they like literacy and make children a fun habit. The method used in research is a qualitative approach, because researchers want to explore the development, application, and impact of learning media. The research took place at SD Muhammadiyah 24 Surabaya. In data collection researchers use observation, interviews and documentation. Researchers use triangulation techniques to check the validity of the data in this study and activities in data analysis, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. This research is expected to contribute to the development of skills in facing 21st century education in the digital era, as well as produce scientific work that contributes to the development of science and technology.

EDUKASI PENANGANAN BENIH CABAI KATOKKON PADA KELOMPOK WANITA TANI LEMBANG SANDANA, TANA TORAJA

The katokkon chili plant (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is a crop commodity that has high economic value. This type of chili is suitable for planting in high-altitude areas such as the Tanah Toraja region. However, its productivity is still low compared to its production potential, which can reach tens of tons/ha. The low level of knowledge and skills of chili farmers is one of the problems in increasing the productivity of katokkon chilies. The service aims to educate katokkong chili farmers in Lembang Sandana on good seed treatment. The methods used are outreach activities, education, and training on how to treat katokkong chili seeds and make appropriate chili seedling media. Pre- and post-tests were carried out to measure the level of success in implementing activities. Socialization carried out with target partners and collaboration resulted in collaborative support by the head of the Lembang and target partners for implementing kosabangsa. The results of education and training show that 94% of target partners have understood and implemented seed treatment methods such as using growth regulators, soaking in warm water (hot water treatment) and sowing seeds in rockwool media, as well as making growing media using a ratio of buffalo manure. , top soil and husk (1:2:1, v/v) appropriately. The education carried out by the kosabangsa service team has increased the level of knowledge and skills of farmers regarding how to treat katokkon seeds properly

ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM TEXTILE INDUSTRIES IN MAJALAYA, WEST JAVA

The competitiveness of the textile industry is determined by the implementation of knowledge management. Therefore, this research aimed to describe and analyze the implementation of knowledge management in small and medium (SMEs) textile industry in Majalaya, West Java. An exploratory descriptive design was used with an inductive approach and qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out through interviews and observations, while the analysis was conducted through stages of data reduction, display, and conclusion. The results showed that SMEs textile industry in Majalaya, West Java did not implement knowledge management optimally. There were three internal problems, namely the low skill level of the workforce, low mastery of technology, and weak learning culture. The impact of the problem was the high dependence on the knowledge of the owner and supervisor, the occurrence of hostages between the owner, supervisor, and employees, and labor practices causing companies to lose potential workforce. In this context, the implementation of knowledge management experienced obstacles, such as lack of management and leadership support, weak learning culture, low mastery of information technology, limited technological infrastructure, lack of adequate training and education practices, and human resource management practices.

A comparative analysis of protective and promotive factors of at-risk youth in the community and in residential care settings in Israel

In this study, we explored the protective and promotive factors (e.g., life skills, hope, and mentoring relationships) among at-risk youth in the community in comparison to those in residential care. Our aim was to understand the mechanisms contributing to their resilience. The participants consisted of 373 at-risk adolescents aged 16–19, either placed in out-of-home care or living with their biological parents and receiving community-based treatment in Israel.The results revealed notable differences between youth in residential care and those in the community. Specifically, participants in residential care were significantly less likely to report having a mentor and showed lower levels of life skills. Through multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM), we uncovered that life skills played a mediating role in connecting youths' mentoring relationships with their hope within both groups. The discussion suggests the importance of considering both contextual and personal factors as integral components of intervention programs. This approach is applicable to both care settings and community programs designed for at-risk youth.

Prosodic features in production reflect reading comprehension skill in high school students.

Young children's prosodic fluency correlates with their reading ability, as children who are better early readers also produce more adult-like prosodic cues to syntactic and semantic structure. But less work has explored this question for high school readers, who are more proficient readers, but still exhibit wide variability in reading comprehension skill and prosodic fluency. In the current study, we investigated acoustic indices of prosodic production in high school students (N = 40; ages 13-19) exhibiting a range of reading comprehension skill. Participants read aloud a series of 12 short stories which included simple statements, wh-questions, yes-no questions, quotatives, and ambiguous and unambiguous multiclausal sentences. In addition, to assess the contribution of discourse coherence, sentences were read in either canonical or randomized order. Acoustic cues known to index prosodic phenomena-duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity-were extracted and compared across structures and participants. Results demonstrated that high school readers as a group consistently signal syntactic and semantic structure with prosody, and that reading comprehension skill, above and beyond lower-level skills, correlates with prosodic fluency, as better comprehenders produced stronger prosodic cues. However, discourse coherence did not produce consistent effects. These results strengthen the finding that prosodic fluency and reading comprehension are linked, even for older, proficient readers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Self-efficacy of Data Literacy among Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Guangdong Province

The application of educational big data provides new basis for teachers to improve teaching and promote student development. However, there are still many challenges in using data to solve complex educational problems. Teacher data literacy has become the key to transforming educational data into effective teaching strategies. The study sought to gain a better understanding of the current state of primary and secondary school Teachers self-efficacy of data literacy and put forward some suggestions for teacher data literacy training. This study used a quantitative methodology. 813 primary and secondary school teachers from Guangdong Province, China, completed a questionnaire on self-efficacy of data literacy. (1) Primary and secondary school teachers reported significantly high levels of self-efficacy in data literacy (mean=3.624). Among the dimensions, the data awareness and ethics dimension had the highest self-efficacy (mean=3.738) and the data research dimension had a lower self-efficacy (mean=3.358). (2)There were significant differences in the primary and secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy of data literacy with different ages, educational backgrounds, and school locations. Primary and secondary school teachers generally recognized the importance of data literacy training. Older teachers who worked in rural schools and had low levels of education have the lowest level of self-efficacy for data literacy. For primary and secondary school teachers' low level of data analysis skills and weak data transformation strategy ability, teacher data literacy training adopts an embedded teamwork approach, integrating multiple resources to build a data team, integrating big data technology throughout the entire teaching process, and helping teachers to use new data and technologies to understand students' needs in a timely manner, to select teaching methods, and to solve real-world problems. It makes data literacy the foundation of teachers' teaching and promotes the development of all students.

Context matters: the importance of extra-mathematical knowledge in solving mathematical problems

Extra-mathematical knowledge is often overlooked when investigating mathematical skills. This study explores profiles of mathematical skills and associations with extra-mathematical knowledge and the understanding of complex sentences. The study involved 1,288 sixth-grade students (52.1% male) from 95 classes in 58 schools in Estonia. Students completed a math test as part of their regular lessons. The profiles of mathematical skills included students’ calculation skills, standard problems, and complex problems. Three distinct profiles of students emerged: students with high skill levels, students with average skill levels, and students with low skill levels. Students with high mathematical skills also had high extra-mathematical knowledge showing the crucial role of understanding the context of the math tasks in addition to having good mathematical skills.

The Influence of Organizational Agility on Customer Retention in Medium Scale Businesses in Nigeria

Firms that operate in the informal sector in most developing countries are technologically backward, with low levels of human resource skills, weak management systems and entrepreneurial capabilities, unavailability of appropriate and timely information, insufficient use of information technology, poor product quality and standardization, and unfriendly environmental production processes. This has impeded their ability to take on suitable organizational forms. This research sought to ascertain if there is a significant relationship between organisational agility and customer retention in medium-scale enterprises in the north-central zone of Nigeria. To achieve this objective, the variables were operationalized and a model was specified. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Data were gathered from primary sources and the study hypothesis was tested using the Multiple Regression Technique. From the result of the regression analysis, organizational agility was found to have a positive and significant relationship with customer retention in medium-scale enterprises in North-Central Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommended that enterprises should exploit the resources that generate their present value while also exploring new opportunities to adapt it to changing markets.

The Nature of Small Business Holders’ Vulnerability in Tanzania. A Case of Street Vendors in Dodoma City

This study has examined vulnerability of street vendors in its different forms and was conducted around Central Business District in locations; Nyerere square, Sabasaba, Majengo and Oneway. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative techniques within which quantitative aspect employed probability sampling while qualitative aspect employed non probability sampling. Data were collected using survey, interviews, and observations coupled with documentary review. The findings in this study reveal that street vendors disputes with LGA in Dodoma city erupt occasionally due to street vendors conduct their businesses in land spaces not originally meant for street vendors, there is neither legal defense nor advocacy for street vendors’ interests, there is also low level of awareness, business knowledge and skills among majority street vendors. It is recommended that there is a need for rational mainstreaming SVBs in policy, laws and by laws. Curbing the street vending vulnerability require halt of ad hoc and emergence-style of addressing street vendors’ vulnerability. This study argues that it is high time for street vendors be supported to establish strong organization for the purpose of effective advocacy and effective representation of street vendors without compromising urban land space use standards.

Strengthening the labour force participation of low-qualified individuals in Europe

This article addresses the labour market challenges faced by adults with low formal qualifications. While low-level formal qualifications are usually associated with a lower skill level, it is crucial to recognise the large heterogeneity of skills within the group of low-qualified individuals in all countries. Although better skills enhance the job opportunities of low-qualified workers, their lack of formal qualifications limits their job prospects, even if they are as skilled as more highly qualified workers. Their placement in low-skilled jobs has implications for their participation in further training. Limited access to adult training is primarily caused by employment in these low-skilled jobs rather than by differences in cognitive skills or motivation to learn. Policies should, therefore, focus on strategies that improve training opportunities in the workplace, and employers should consider modifying hiring methods to place greater weight on actual skills in addition to formal qualifications. Both approaches would, economically speaking, enable the utilisation of the existing skill potential of low-qualified adults and, socially, enhance the employment prospects of this group.

Specifics of socialization of children with autism spectrum disorders

IntroductionOne of the important tasks of modern education is the adaptation of children with autism spectrum disorders to the social space, which allows them to ensure their personal development and self-realization.ObjectivesStudy of the specifics of the socialization of children of preschool age with autism spectrum disorders.Methods The study involved 27 preschool children with autism spectrum disorders attending an educational institution for children with disabilities; 6 were girls and 21 were boys; 20 children with intact speech and 7 children with speech disorders. The following methods were used: “Map of manifestations of activity by A.M. Shchetinina, N.A. Abramova; “Map of observations of the manifestations of communicative abilities in preschool children” A.M. Shchetinina, M.A. Nikiforova; “Emotional faces” N.Y. Semago.ResultsIt was found that children with autism spectrum disorders have the greatest severity of such activity indicators as “is in a good mood” (1.67), “shows stubbornness” (1.56) and “shows great mobility” (1.56). Among the manifestations of communicative abilities in preschool children, the most developed parameter is: “sincere in his statements, in the manifestation of his feelings” (2,07). At the same time, the lowest expression of communication skills (0.96) in children with autism spectrum disorders is observed in terms of: “has organizational skills”, “the child seeks to understand the other, his thoughts, feelings”; “observant, sees and realizes the characteristics of other children and adults”. The least pronounced indicator is observed in the indicator of initiative; children do not show initiative in communication, have difficulty understanding and supporting the initiative of another child in an interaction situation. Children have a low level of operational communicative actions and skills: children are not expressive in communication, do not master verbal means of communication and are not able to maintain contact with communication partners.ConclusionsThe results obtained in the study confirm the need to develop and implement psychological and pedagogical programs aimed at developing social skills in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Pelatihan Teknik Pengelasan dan Pengecatan Atomozing Bagi Santri Pesantren Anak Yatim Darul Hikmah Cot Yang-Kuta Baro Aceh Besar

Islamic boarding schools are traditional educational institutions that prioritize a religion-based curriculum. The Darul Hikmah Orphans Islamic Boarding School, located in Cot Yang Village, Kuta Barou District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, faces the challenge of low levels of entrepreneurial skills in the field of welding and atomizing painting due to the absence of this material in their curriculum. To overcome this, atomizing welding and painting training was carried out at Islamic boarding schools, which aimed to improve students' hard skills in this field. This training is also planned to develop business units, including the establishment of atomizing welding and painting workshops. This atomizing welding and painting entrepreneurship training program is measured by several parameters, with the output being the basic welding technical skills obtained by the students. It is hoped that this program will produce entrepreneurs in atomizing welding and painting workshops that will benefit the environment of the Darul Hikmah Cot Yang Orphan Islamic Boarding School. The training implementation stages include welding and painting theory, occupational health and safety (K3), as well as practice and assistance in basic welding and painting, with the final product being a table. The training material was adopted from teaching welding and painting practices at Syiah Kuala Darussalam University-Aceh. The result of this training is an increase in participants' knowledge in welding and painting, as well as their ability to apply these processes by prioritizing K3 (Occupational Safety and Health).