Low Gas Consumption Research Articles

Trace Acetylene Gas Detection Based on a Miniaturized Y-Sphere Coupled Photoacoustic Sensor.

In this work, a miniaturized Y-sphere coupled photoacoustic (YSCPA) sensor is proposed for trace C2H2 gas detection. The cavity volume of the designed YSCPA sensor is about 0.7 mL. The finite element method (FEM) has been performed to analyze the comparative performance of the YSCPA sensor and T-type PA sensor, indicating that the first-order resonance frequency (FORF) of the newly proposed YSCPA sensor has been reduced by half while the PA signal has been improved by a factor of 3 compared to the T-type PA sensor. C2H2 is employed as a target gas to test the performance of the YSCPA sensor. The experimental test results show that the response time of the gas is 26 s. The minimum detection limit (MDL) reaches 189 ppb at a lock-in integration time of 1 s. By extending the lock-in integration time to 100 s, the MDL of the designed PA sensor is reduced to 18.1 ppb. The designed YSCPA sensor has the advantages of small size, low gas consumption, simple structure, and high sensitivity, which is expected to be an effective solution for rapid and real-time monitoring of dissolved C2H2 gas in transformer oil.

Portable temperature-controlled permeation device for the generation of formaldehyde gas standard

Formaldehyde is a major indoor air pollutant. Accurate analysis of airborne formaldehyde is essential for effective monitoring and risk assessment. For many formaldehyde analysis techniques, the accuracy of the results depends on the calibration system. Existing formaldehyde calibration methods often face limitations, such as instability over time or limited concentration range. They also lack practicality for on-field calibration either because of bulkiness or because of high gas consumption. To address these challenges, a device using a paraformaldehyde permeation tube within a custom-built, temperature-controlled system was designed and evaluated.The device weighs less than 3 kg and operates using a nitrogen source. Its low gas consumption (30–100 mL min−1) enables the use of a portable gas cylinder of pure nitrogen (<2 kg) as gas supply. Formaldehyde concentrations ranging from 8.3 to 464 µg/m−3 were successfully generated, demonstrating the device’s versatility. A custom-built high-emission permeation tube could generate concentrations from 5 940 to 49 471 µg/m−3 using the same system. Additionally, the emission rate is independent of the flow rate and follows Antoine’s law with respect to temperature, enabling accurate prediction of concentration in various conditions over the evaluated range and beyond. Furthermore, the study confirms the long-term stability (1 year) of the low-emission paraformaldehyde permeation tube, with emission rates remaining mostly within ± 5 % of the average value for each temperature.The temperature-controlled permeation system approach enabled rapid stabilisation of formaldehyde generation at various concentrations and low flow rates, eliminating the need for additional dilution equipment and facilitating on-site instrument calibration at various gas concentrations. This reliable and efficient portable formaldehyde generator offers a valuable solution for field calibration, providing accurate and stable reference gas for diverse analytical needs.

Novel Gas Supply System for Multi-Chamber Tri-Gas Cell Culture: Low Gas Consumption and Wide Concentration Range

Gas plays a crucial role in cell culture as cells require a specific gas environment to maintain their growth, reproduction, and function. Here, we propose a gas supply system for tri-gas multi-channel cell incubators to meet the specific needs of various cells. The system utilizes a circulating gas supply method powered by air pumps for each chamber. Gas inflow from the cylinder is independently controlled by Mass Flow Controllers (MFCs), and a quantitative step-by-step adjustment control strategy is employed to calculate the volume of different gases being introduced. Through mixing simulations and experiments, we identified the SV static mixer with an L/D ratio of 2.5 as the optimal choice. To evaluate the concentration accuracy and gas consumption of the gas system, we conduct gas mixing and distribution experiments under different conditions. The results show that the system could achieve a concentration range of 0–100% for O2 with an accuracy of ±0.5%, and a concentration range of 0–10% for CO2 with an accuracy of ±0.1%. The daily gas consumption during cultivation is 3570 mL of N2, 330 mL of CO2, and 115 mL of O2, significantly lower than conventional incubators. Overall, our system can effectively manage dynamic gas concentration changes, particularly in high O2 concentration environments. It offers advantages such as low gas consumption, a wide concentration range, and high accuracy compared to existing incubators.

A novel method for gas mixing and distribution in multi-chamber embryo incubators.

High-quality control of the gas environment in incubators is crucial for in vitro embryo development, which requires high accuracy, fast recovery, and low gas consumption. In this study, we propose a novel gas mixing and distribution system and method as an alternative solution for multi-chamber embryo incubators. The system-based embryo incubator enables a controllable gas circulation process and a quantitative supply of CO2 and N2. To determine the optimal parameters for the mixing time and flow rate of the circulated gases, we conducted contrast experiments on the system-based incubator. To evaluate the performance of the gas system in the incubator, we conducted tests under four different initial conditions, simulating various practical application scenarios. Furthermore, we performed a mouse embryo assay to assess the system's effectiveness. The results show that the system achieved a gas concentration accuracy of ± 0.2% (volume fraction) after stabilization, a minimum recovery time of 5 minutes, an average consumption of 8.9 L/d for N2 and 0.83 L/d for CO2 during routine operation, and a blastocyst rate exceeding 90% observed after 96 hours of culture in the incubator. The system and method demonstrate a significant advantage in terms of low gas consumption compared to existing incubators, while still maintaining high accuracy and fast recovery.

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Using a Quantum Cascade Laser for Analysis of Ammonia in Water Solutions.

Ammonia (NH3) toxicity, stemming from nitrification, can adversely affect aquatic life and influence the taste and odor of drinking water. This underscores the necessity for highly responsive and accurate sensors to continuously monitor NH3 levels in water, especially in complex environments, where reliable sensors have been lacking until this point. Herein, we detail the development of a sensor comprising a compact and selective analyzer with low gas consumption and a timely response based on photoacoustic spectroscopy. This, combined with an automated liquid sampling system, enables the precise detection of ammonia traces in water. The sensor system incorporates a state-of-the art quantum cascade laser as the excitation source emitting at 9 μm in resonance with the absorption line of NH3 located at 1103.46 cm-1. Our instrument demonstrated detection sensitivity at a low ppm level for the ammonia molecule with response times of less than 60 s. For the sampling system, an ammonia stripping solution was designed, resulting in a prompt full measurement cycle (6.35 min). A further evaluation of the sensor within a pilot study showed good reliability and agreement with the reference method for real water samples, confirming the potential of our NH3 analyzer for water quality monitoring applications.

TT-type resonator-based differential photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas detection.

A novel TT-type resonator was proposed for the first time, to our knowledge, to realize differential photoacoustic (PA) detection for trace gas measurement. The special design of the TT-type resonator allows us to install the microphone at the resonant center of the acoustic field to maximize the use of the absorption-induced PA signal. To meet the requirement of low gas consumption and easy integration, the TT-type resonator-based PA cell was fabricated as a fiber-coupled module with an inner volume of only 1.1 ml. For validation, the TT-type PA cell was integrated to a photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system for acetylene detection. As a result, a linearity of 0.99999 was achieved in a concentration range from 0 to 5000 ppm with a noise equivalent sensitivity of 101 ppb. The proposed TT-type resonator contributes a new style of PA cell structure to the field of PAS gas detection, combining the advantages of easy integration, low gas consumption, differential detection, and photoacoustic enhancement together.

Gas equilibrium membrane inlet mass spectrometry (GE-MIMS) for water at high pressure

Abstract. Gas species are widely used as natural or artificial tracers to study fluid dynamics in environmental and geological systems. The recently developed gas equilibrium membrane inlet mass spectrometry (GE-MIMS) method is most useful for accurate and autonomous on-site quantification of dissolved gases in aquatic systems. GE-MIMS works by pumping water through a gas equilibrator module containing a gas headspace, which is separated from the water by a gas-permeable membrane. The partial pressures of the gas species in the headspace equilibrate with the gas concentrations in the water according to Henry's Law and are quantified with a mass spectrometer optimized for low gas consumption (miniRUEDI or similar). However, the fragile membrane structures of the commonly used equilibrator modules break down at water pressures ≳3 bar. These modules are therefore not suitable for use in deep geological systems or other environments with high water pressures. To this end, the SysMoG® MD membrane module (Solexperts AG, Switzerland; “SOMM”) was developed to withstand water pressures of up to 100 bar. Compared to the conventionally used GE-MIMS equilibrator modules, the mechanically robust construction of the SOMM module entails slow and potentially incomplete gas–water equilibration. We tested the gas equilibration efficiency of the SOMM and developed an adapted protocol that allows correct operation of the SOMM for GE-MIMS analysis at high water pressures. This adapted SOMM GE-MIMS technique exhibits a very low gas consumption from the SOMM to maintain the gas–water equilibrium according to Henry's Law and provides the same analytical accuracy and precision as the conventional GE-MIMS technique. The analytical potential of the adapted SOMM GE-MIMS technique was demonstrated in a high-pressure fluid migration experiment in an underground rock laboratory. The new technique overcomes the pressure limitations of conventional gas equilibrators and thereby opens new opportunities for efficient and autonomous on-site quantification of dissolved gases in high-pressure environments, such as in research and monitoring of underground storage of CO2 and waste deposits or in the exploration of natural resources.

Miniaturized ascorbic acid assay platform based on point discharge atomic emission spectrometry coupling with gold filament enrichment

BackgroundMiniaturized microplasma-based atomic emission spectrometry (AES) has been extensively used for element analysis in recent years due to the advantages of low power consumption, low gas consumption, relatively low manufacturing and running cost, and the potential for real-time and field analysis. However, few applications in bioassay detection have been reported based on microplasma AES systems because of their relatively low sensitivity and the absence of indirect analytical strategies. It is still a challenge to develop a simple, sensitive, and portable microplasma-based AES bioassay approach. ResultsIn this work, a portable analytical system was designed based on point discharge chemical vapor generation atomic emission spectrometry (PD-CVG-AES) coupling with gold filament enrichment. The detection of ascorbic acid (AA) was realized indirectly by means of the highly sensitive analysis of Hg2+. The measurement was based on Ag + can decrease the concentration of Hg2+ by forming Ag–Hg amalgam in the presence of the reductant SnCl2, while AA can pre-reduce Ag + to Ag0, leading to the generation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The pre-reduce procedure can decrease the generation of Ag–Hg amalgam, resulting in the recovery of Hg2+ signal. The dissociative Hg2+ was further detected by PD-CVG-AES combination of gold filament enrichment, which significantly improved the detection sensitivity for both Hg2+ and AA. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of AA is as low as 19 nM with a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) of 0.7 %. SignificanceThe developed novel analytical strategy obviously broadens the application of microplasma-based AES, and it is well demonstrated by the determination of AA in several traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), offering a higher level of sensitivity compared to current AA detection techniques. It has potential for future application in point-of-care testing (POCT) assays.

All-optical non-resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy for multicomponent gas detection based on aseismic photoacoustic cell

An all-optical non-resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy system for multicomponent gas detection based on a silicon cantilever optical microphone (SCOM) and an aseismic photoacoustic cell is proposed and demonstrated. The SCOM has a high sensitivity of over 96.25 rad/Pa with sensitivity fluctuation less than ± 1.56 dB between 5 Hz and 250 Hz. Besides, the minimal detectable pressure (MDP) of the sensor is 0.55 μPa·Hz−1/2 at 200 Hz, which indicates that the fabricated sensor has high sensitivity and low noise level. Six different gases of CO2, CO, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 are detected at the frequency of 10 Hz, whose detection limits (3σ) are 62.66 ppb, 929.11 ppb, 1494.97 ppb, 212.94 ppb, 1153.36 ppb and 417.61 ppb, respectively. The system achieves high sensitivity and low detection limits for trace gas detection. In addition, the system exhibits seismic performance with suppressing vibration noise by 4.5 times, and achieves long-term stable operation. The proposed non-resonant all-optical PAS multi-component gas detection system exhibits the advantages of anti-vibration performance, low gas consumption and long term stability, which provides a solution for working in complex environments with inherently safe.

Multi-objective niching quantum genetic algorithm-based optimization method for pneumatic hammer structure

Pneumatic down-the-hole (DTH) hammer drilling technology has been used extensively in various drilling applications owing to its high drilling efficiency, low gas consumption, non-polluting nature, and safety. Optimizing the hammer structure using empirical approaches is challenging due to the highly complex nonlinear problem caused by the piston movement. To address it, the intelligent algorithm is introduced for the first time and a multi-objective niching quantum genetic algorithm-based (MNQGA) optimization method for pneumatic hammer structure design is proposed in this study, to simultaneously maximize impact energy and minimize air consumption or optimize these objectives individually. Additionally, a novel niching strategy, corresponding adaptive quantum rotation gate, and mutation strategy are designed for the proposed method. The radial structures of a GQ127-type pneumatic hammer are optimized to maximize impact energy, followed by the optimization of the axial structures to satisfy four working conditions. The results show that different optimization objectives and constraints lead to different axial structural parameter values. After optimization, the hammer air consumption is reduced by at least 50.80 % at a constant impact energy of 350 J. The hammer impact energy is improved by more than 15.93 % if the volumetric flow rate of the supplied air is maintained at 10 m3/min. In addition, the effects of the hammer’s axial structure on its impact energy are investigated in detail based on an analytical model to validate the results of the proposed method. Five axial structure parameters are analyzed that have different effects on the impact energy. Within the given constraints, these parameters have their own optimal values that can be easily obtained using the proposed method. That is, the optimizations using the proposed method are consistent with those of the analytical models published in the literature. Therefore, the proposed method is efficient and accurate and can be used confidently when designing pneumatic hammers.

Simultaneous detection of greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 based on a dual differential photoacoustic spectroscopy system.

In addition to the atmospheric measurement, detection of dissolved carbon oxides and hydrocarbons in a water region is also an important aspect of greenhouse gas monitoring, such as CH4 and CO2. The first step of measuring dissolved gases is the separation process of water and gases. However, slow degassing efficiency is a big challenge which requires the gas detection technology itself with low gas consumption. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a good choice with advantages of high sensitivity, low gas consumption, and zero background, which has been rapidly developed in recent years and is expected to be applied in the field of dissolved gas detection. In this study, a miniaturized differential photoacoustic cell with a volume of 7.9 mL is designed for CH4 and CO2 detection, and a dual differential method with four microphones is proposed to enhance the photoacoustic signal. What we believe to be a new method increases photoacoustic signal by 4 times and improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) over 10 times compared with the conventional single-microphone mode. Two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers at 1651 nm and 2004nm are employed to construct the PAS system for CH4 and CO2 detection respectively. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and 2nd harmonic demodulation techniques are applied to further improve the SNR. As a result, sensitivity of 0.44 ppm and 7.39 ppm for CH4 and CO2 are achieved respectively with an integration time of 10 s. Allan deviation analysis indicates that the sensitivity can be further improved to 42 ppb (NNEA=4.7×10-10cm-1WHz-1/2) for CH4 and 0.86 ppm (NNEA=5.3×10-10cm-1WHz-1/2) for CO2 when the integration time is extended to 1000 s.

Gangue Source Reduction Technology and Process Optimization Based on Underground Coal Gangue Photoelectric Separation

The precise identification of damp, sticky coal gangue; efficient jet nozzle separation; and process layout in a narrow, restricted space are essential technologies for gangue source reduction based on underground gangue photoelectric separation, which is critical for the long-term growth of coal mines. In this paper, the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) method was used to identify the X-ray absorption law of different atoms in coal-based minerals and explore the differences in the microscopic crystal properties of coal gangue; the numerical simulation calculation of four commonly used nozzles—namely, flat, convergent, flat–convergent, and streamline—was carried out using Fluent software for coal gangue jet separation to optimize the nozzle morphology and parameters. The technical characteristics of the underground layout of the photoelectric separation system for coal gangue were expounded, and the technological layout of the separation system was explored. The results showed that the absorption coefficients μ(E) of Al and Si atoms in minerals to X-rays are significantly different, and the XAFS method has the ability to identify coal, gangue, and other minerals. The streamlined nozzle has a long jet core area, slow decay of jet velocity, low gas consumption per unit time, and better performance than the other three types of nozzles. Based on the development and mining system of the Renjiazhuang Coal Mine, three kinds of photoelectric separation system layout schemes of coal gangue were designed, namely centralized layout, distributed layout, and mobile layout. The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme were compared, which enriched the technical means of gangue source reduction.

Highly sensitive photoacoustic gas sensor with micro-embedded acoustic resonator for gas leakage detection.

In this work, a photoacoustic (PA) gas sensor with a micro-embedded acoustic resonator for gas leakage detection was demonstrated. The micro-embedded acoustic resonator was fabricated by putting a leaky hollow-core fiber (L-HCF) into a cylindrical buffer chamber. The L-HCF was utilized as the PA cavity and the light transmission media simultaneously. The optimal inner diameter of the L-HCF was 1.7 mm. The embedded acoustic resonator was experimentally proven to be equivalent to a T-type half-open acoustic resonator, but the structure became much more compact. The volume of the amount of gas in the cell was only ∼0.3 mL, and the gas diffusion time to fill the sensor under room temperature (25°C) and ambient pressure (101 kPa) was ∼44 s. Trace acetylene (C2H2) in pure nitrogen (N2) was chosen as the target gas, and the minimum detectable limit (MDL) reached 29 ppb when the lock-in integration time was 1 s. The normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient was calculated to be 3.0 × 10-9 W·cm-1·Hz-1/2. The micro-resonant PA gas sensor, with merits of compactness, low gas consumption, and low cost, has the potential to be a remote gas sensing scheme in fields of environmental protection, industrial process monitoring, and so on.

Fine-Tuning Pre-Trained CodeBERT for Code Search in Smart Contract

Smart contracts, which automatically execute on decentralized platforms like Ethereum, require high security and low gas consumption. As a result, developers have a strong demand for semantic code search tools that utilize natural language queries to efficiently search for existing code snippets. However, existing code search models face a semantic gap between code and queries, which requires a large amount of training data. In this paper, we propose a fine-tuning approach to bridge the semantic gap in code search and improve the search accuracy. We collect 80 723 different pairs of &lt;comment, code snippet&gt; from Etherscan.io and use these pairs to fine-tune, validate, and test the pre-trained CodeBERT model. Using the fine-tuned model, we develop a code search engine specifically for smart contracts. We evaluate the Recall@k and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) of the fine-tuned CodeBERT model using different proportions of the fine-tuned data. It is encouraging that even a small amount of fine-tuned data can produce satisfactory results. In addition, we perform a comparative analysis between the fine-tuned CodeBERT model and the two state-of-the-art models. The experimental results show that the fine-tuned CodeBERT model has superior performance in terms of Recall@k and MRR. These findings highlight the effectiveness of our fine-tuning approach and its potential to significantly improve the code search accuracy.

Low gas consumption in tracking detectors for outdoor applications

Gaseous detectors are one of the popular particle tracking technologies in high energy physics, and there are multiple applications where the detectors must tolerate outdoor conditions, e.g. in the emerging field of muography. Gaseous tracking detectors are attractive choices due to their high efficiency, good resolution and large sensitive area at a reasonable cost and low weight, but to achieve these, the gas system is usually not sealed. Continuous gas flow results gas consumption and thus regular gas cylinder replacement which limits applicability. In this paper we present a practical solution to reduce gas flow to a negligible level, keeping the construction cost-efficient and low weight, by a properly chosen buffer tube at the end of the gas line, which makes the system able to withstand large temperature and pressure fluctuations.

A microplasma converter-based spectrophotometry and visual colorimetry for nonchromatographic speciation analysis of H2S/SO2 or S2-/[formula omitted] in environmental water samples

Pollution of sulfur compounds could result in serious environmental issues, while the excessive intake tended to damage the respiratory and nervous system of living beings. In this article, a microplasma converter with small size, easy operation and low gas and power consumption was constructed to fulfill the high-efficient oxidation process of H2S to SO2, which was applied to both spectrophotometry and visual colorimetry to achieve a simple and quick nonchromatographic speciation analysis of H2S/SO2 or S2-/SO32-. Especially, analytes were introduced by acidified to vapor, greatly alleviating the matrices interferences, and visual colorimetry could attain direct naked eye detection without expensive instruments and tedious operation procedures. The lowest limit of detection was 3.47 μmol/L for both aqueous S2- and SO32- ions, and the integration of two methods covered a wide detection range of 0.05–7 mmol/L. These developed methods were applied to analysis of real environmental water samples successfully.

Simulation and optimization of a miniaturized ion source for a neutron tube

A miniaturized Penning ion source, capable of generating a milliampere ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ beam with low anode power supply and low gas consumption, was produced and tested for neutron tubes. For a better understanding and optimization of the Penning ion source, magnetic field, beam extraction system, and plasma simulations were conducted to research the optimization of the Penning ion source. The distance between the two cathodes is optimized based on the plasma simulations. Based on the optimization of the magnetic field, extraction system, and the distance of the cathodes, the extraction current of the Penning source had been increased from 1.21 to 1.72 mA, and the ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ratio had been increased from 36% to 42.3%.

Improvement of Erosion Resistance of Aluminum- Copper Alloy Type 2024 by Plasma Nitriding

To increase the erosion resistance of 2024 Al alloys, plasma nitriding surface treatment was used. Nitrogen and argon gases are injected into an evacuated chamber until the pressure reaches 15 Pa. The process requirements for normal plasma nitriding were heating at 440˚C for 8 hours, low voltage of 650 V, current of 25 mA, low gas consumption, and no air pollution. A continuous nitriding layer of AlN was formed. The microhardness reached a maximum value of 170 HV, about 3 times higher than that Al melts at, is transported upward through voids and capillaries in the AlN structures, and reacted with N plasma in the melt surface. The growth of the AlN structures promotes this transport of un-nitride alloy subjected to the same heat treatments. As a result, the erosion rate of the nitrided samples decreased by 10% when compared to the ones that are not nitrided.

Power-to-Gas in gas and electricity distribution systems: A comparison of different modeling approaches

Power-to-Gas (P2G) has been one of the most frequently discussed technologies in the last few years. Thanks to its high flexibility, it can offer services to power systems, thereby fostering Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES) and the electricity demand match, mitigating the issues related to VRES overproduction. The analysis of P2G systems used at the distribution level has only been dealt with in a few studies: however, at this level, critical operation conditions can easily arise, in both the electrical infrastructure and in the gas infrastructure. The choice of appropriate modeling approaches for a P2G plant, as well as for the electricity and gas distribution grids is necessary to avoid overestimating or underestimating the potential flexibility that P2G plants connected to distribution networks can offer. The study presents a methodological analysis on the impact of different simulation approaches when P2G is installed at a distribution system level. The aim of this paper has been to understand the impact of different modeling approaches in order to determine whether, and under what conditions, they could be adopted. An illustrative case study has been developed to perform this analysis. The results show that the flexibility of the P2G technology can also be used at the distribution level; nevertheless, a correct modeling approach is necessary to properly evaluate the potential of this solution. The placement of P2G systems within the electricity network can affect the performance of the plant to a great extent. Therefore, it is necessary to use a model that takes into account the topology and energy flows of the electrical network. It was found, in the analyzed case study, that the use of an inappropriate electricity network model can lead, depending on the conditions, to either an overestimation or an underestimation (of 50 % and 40 %, respectively) of the ability of P2G plants to absorb VRES over-generation. The accuracy of the gas network and of the P2G plant models also plays an important role. In conditions of low gas consumption, it is necessary to consider the gas flows and the line-pack potential of the gas network, as well as the interactions between the components of the P2G plant in order to avoid underestimating the flexibility of the entire system. In the analyzed case study, the use of a simplified model of the gas network led to an underestimation of the accumulation potential of the over-generations of VRES of about 30 %, while the use of a simplified model for the simulation of P2G plants led to a 10 % underestimation of the storage potential.

Privacy‐preserving federated learning cyber‐threat detection for intelligent transport systems with blockchain‐based security

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) techniques implemented at a large scale in intelligent transport systems (ITS), have considerably enhanced the vehicles' autonomous behaviour in making independent decisions about cyber threats, attacks, and faults. While, AI techniques are based on data sharing among the vehicles, it is important to note that sensitive data cannot be shared. Thus, federated learning (FL) has been implemented to protect privacy in vehicles. On the other hand, the integrity of data and the safety of aggregation are ensured by using blockchain technology. This paper applied classification approaches to VANET and ITS cyber‐threats detection at the vehicle. Subsequently, by using blockchain and by applying an aggregation strategy to different models, models from the previous step were uploaded in a smart contract. Lastly, we returned the updated models to the vehicles. Furthermore, we conducted an experimental study to measure the effectiveness of the proposed prototype. In this paper, the VeReMi data set was distributed in a balanced manner into five parts in the experimental study. Thus, classification techniques were executed by each vehicle separately, and models were generated. Upon the aggregation of the models in blockchain, they were returned to the vehicles. Lastly, the vehicles updated their decision functions and accessed the precision and accuracy of cyber‐threat detection. The results indicated that the precision and accuracy decreased by 7.1% on average with comparable F1‐score and recall. Our solution ensures the privacy preservation of vehicles whereas blockchain guarantees the safety of aggregation technique and low gas consumption.