Lower Face Research Articles

Effects of thalassaemia major on components of the craniofacial complex- a cephalometric study in Andhra Pradesh population

Introduction: The cephalometric study was conducted to evaluate the craniofacial effects of thalassaemia major on the Andhra Pradesh population. Methods: A total of 32 thalassaemic patients (23 male, 9 female) were selected from the Thalassaemia and Sickle Cell Society and 32 controls (19 male, 13 female) from schools of Hyderabad city to eliminate any bias on the ethnic background. All 64 lateral cephalograms were taken under standard conditions with teeth in occlusion and lips in a relaxed position. Forty - two linear and angular cephalometric parameters defining craniofacial morphology (22 skeletal, 13 dentoalveolarand 7 softtissue) were selected. Results: Everypatient with thalassaemia exhibited a skeletal base relationship of class II, accompanied by an average ANB angle of 4°. There was a significant increase in the length of the anterior cranial base. The length of the maxillary and mandibular base was significantly reduced, and the mandible appeared to be retruded in the face. Pronounced vertical growth was evident from linear and angular measurements. The dental deviations seen in thalassaemic patients were proclination, significant over-eruption of the maxillary anterior teeth and increased overjet. A marked increase in the convexity of the lower face, prominent upper lip, reduced nasolabial angle and increased inter-labial angle were evident from soft tissue measurements. Conclusions: The reduced length of the maxillary and mandibular base could be due to chronic anaemia which causes retardation of growth in thalassaemic patients. An increase in the anterior cranial base length resulted in the posterior positioning of the mandible and an increase in anterior facial height led to a skeletal class II pattern.Keywords: Anaemia; craniofacial growth; cephalometry; thalassaemia major.

High-resolution surface electromyographic activities of facial muscles during the six basic emotional expressions in healthy adults: a prospective observational study

High-resolution facial surface electromyography (HR-sEMG) is suited to discriminate between different facial movements. Whether HR-sEMG also allows a discrimination among the six basic emotions of facial expression is unclear. 36 healthy participants (53% female, 18–67 years) were included for four sessions. Electromyograms were recorded from both sides of the face using a muscle-position oriented electrode application (Fridlund scheme) and by a landmark-oriented, muscle unrelated symmetrical electrode arrangement (Kuramoto scheme) simultaneously on the face. In each session, participants expressed the six basic emotions in response to standardized facial images expressing the corresponding emotions. This was repeated once on the same day. Both sessions were repeated two weeks later to assess repetition effects. HR-sEMG characteristics showed systematic regional distribution patterns of emotional muscle activation for both schemes with very low interindividual variability. Statistical discrimination between the different HR-sEMG patterns was good for both schemes for most but not all basic emotions (ranging from p > 0.05 to mostly p < 0.001) when using HR-sEMG of the entire face. When using information only from the lower face, the Kuramoto scheme allowed a more reliable discrimination of all six emotions (all p < 0.001). A landmark-oriented HR-sEMG recording allows specific discrimination of facial muscle activity patterns during basic emotional expressions.

Influence of BMI percentile on craniofacial morphology and development in adolescents,Part II: elevated BMI is associated with larger final facial dimensions.

Prevalence of adolescent obesity has markedly increased from 5.2% in 1974 to 19.7% in 2021. Understanding the impacts of obesity is important to orthodontists, as growth acceleration and greater pre-pubertal facial dimensions are seen in children with elevated body mass index (BMI). To identify whether adolescent obesity shifts the timing and rate of craniofacial growth resulting in larger post-treatment dimensions, we evaluated cephalometric outcomes in overweight/obese (BMI > 85%, n = 168) and normal weight (n = 158) adolescents (N = 326 total). Cephalometric measurements were obtained from pre- and post-treatment records to measure growth rates and final dimensions and were statistically evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance and linear regression models. Overweight and obese adolescents began and finished treatment with significantly larger, bimaxillary prognathic craniofacial dimensions, with elevated mandibular length [articulare-gnathion (Ar-Gn)], maxillary length [condylion-anterior nasal spine (Co-ANS), posterior nasal spine-ANS (PNS-ANS)], and anterior lower face height (ANS-Me), suggesting overweight children grow more overall. However, there was no difference between weight cohorts in the amount of cephalometric change during treatment, and regression analyses demonstrated no correlation between change in growth during treatment and BMI. BMI percentile was a significant linear predictor (P < 0.05) for cephalometric post-treatment outcomes, including Ar-Gn, Co-ANS, ANS-Me, upper face height percentage (UFH:total FH, inverse relationship), lower face height percentage (LFH:total FH), sella-nasion-A-point (SNA), and SN-B-point (SNB). The study is retrospective. Growth begins earlier in overweight and obese adolescents and continues at a rate similar to normal-weight children during orthodontic treatment, resulting in larger final skeletal dimensions. Orthodontics could begin earlier in overweight patients to time care with growth, and clinicians can anticipate that overweight/obese patients will finish treatment with proportionally larger, bimaxillary-prognathic craniofacial dimensions.

Seg-DGDNet: Segmentation Based Disguise Guided Dropout Network for Low Resolution Face Recognition

Seg-DGDNet: Segmentation Based Disguise Guided Dropout Network for Low Resolution Face Recognition

Возможности применения подподбородочного лоскута для реконструкции нижней губы

Head and neck reconstruction surgery is a challenging area of surgery that requires the surgeon to be familiar with various reconstructive options. Achieving both functionality and aesthetic harmony of facial proportions constitutes one of the most important aspects of the head and neck defect elimination. For that various methods are used involving application of local, regional and free flaps on vascular pedicles. The reconstructive method is selected based on the defect size, location, composition, as well as on the age, comorbidity, surgeon’s and patient’s preferences. Submental flap is a regional flap that has proven to be a reliable fasciocutaneous flap, the tissues of which are identical to that of the lower face in width, texture, and color. Long vascular pedicle ensures wide flap rotation arc, thereby allowing one to use the flap for elimination of defects of the upper and lower lips, mental region, tongue, floor of the mouth, and preauricular area. Damage to the donor site is minimal, it is cosmetically invisible due to the scar hidden in the mental region. The paper presents the results of surgical treatment of the 38-year-old female patient with the soft tissue defect of the lower third of the face and the lip resulting from trauma. The wound did not heal for more than six months, no improvement was observed. It was decided to eliminate the defect using a rotation submental flap. The patient was followed up for a year after surgery. We managed to achieve complete aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of the patient.

Success Rate of Buccal Fat Pad Removal in Cases of Previous Injection Lipolysis of the Cheeks: A Comparative Analysis.

Although buccal fat pad removal for facial slimming has a high success rate, fibrosis in patients with a history of cheek injection lipolysis may pose challenges. Therefore, we evaluated the success rate and procedure-related complications of buccal fat pad removal in patients with a history of cheek injection lipolysis. Patients who underwent buccal fat pad removal between September 2016 and February 2020 were categorized according to a history of lipolysis (injection lipolysis group versus control group). The primary and secondary outcomes were the success rate of buccal fat pad removal and the incidence of procedure-related complications, respectively. The study sample comprised 100 patients (14 men; 86 women; mean age, 27.49 ± 6.26 years; mean follow-up duration, 7.41 months), with 61 patients (nine men; 52 women) in the injection lipolysis group and 39 patients (five men; 34 women) in the control group. The mean buccal fat pad weight did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the success rate was 91.8% (56/61 patients) and 100% (39/39 patients) in the injection lipolysis and control groups, respectively. Complications were exclusively observed in the injection lipolysis group [8/122 cheeks (6.6%); control group, 0/78 cheeks (0%)]. Buccal fat pad removal effectively enhances the aesthetic appearance of the lower face. However, in patients with a history of cheek injection lipolysis, the success rate of buccal fat pad removal is lower, and the incidence of complications is significantly higher. Consequently, caution should be exercised when performing this procedure in specific patient populations.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY EVALUATING THE ASSOCIATION OF PATIENT LITERACY WITH THE STAGE OF PENILE CARCINOMA

Background: Penile carcinoma is a rare and often late-diagnosed malignancy associated with advanced-stage presentation and poor prognosis. Health literacy, the ability to understand and apply health information, is crucial in healthcare-seeking behavior and early diagnosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted over 12 months at a tertiary care center, included 150 patients diagnosed with penile carcinoma. Patient literacy was categorized into four levels based on educational background. Data on demographic and clinical variables, such as age, smoking status, circumcision status, HPV infection, and the time to medical consultation, were collected. The TNM classification system was used to determine the disease stage. Results: Lower patient literacy levels were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of advanced-stage penile carcinoma presentation (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with limited literacy, particularly those with "No Education," exhibited longer delays in seeking medical attention, contributing to the advanced stage at diagnosis. Additional factors, such as circumcision status and the time to medical attention, were also linked to disease stage. Discussion: This study underscores the critical role of health literacy, categorized into distinct educational levels, in penile carcinoma presentation. Patients with lower literacy levels face barriers to recognizing symptoms and seeking timely medical attention, ultimately resulting in advanced-stage diagnosis. The findings highlight the need for tailored health education and awareness campaigns, especially in communities with varying educational backgrounds. Conclusion: Patient literacy is associated with advanced-stage penile carcinoma presentation. Addressing disparities in health literacy and promoting awareness of penile carcinoma symptoms may enhance early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. The study emphasizes the multifaceted nature of cancer risk factors, underlining the importance of considering cultural and healthcare-related elements in future research and public health efforts.

Analysis of the results of the study of vibrations the supporting structure of the gates of spillway structures during the operation of hydroelectric power plants

The article discusses the features of the operation of the main gates of spillway structures during the operation of the HPP. As it is known, the main spillway gates are installed at the outlet of the spillway openings into the downstream of the hydroelectric power station. The gates serve to block the openings of the spillway structure, which is opened to discharge water into a flood, as well as in the event of a disaster with an overlying hydroelectric power plant, thereby ensuring reliable operation of the entire water supply path of the hydroelectric power plant. Using the example of the Zhigulevskaya HPP, during the operation of the gates of the spillway structures, stresses in the gate structures, vibrations of the gate elements and the magnitude of the forces in the gate rod during lifting and lowering operations were determined, which made it possible to identify defects in their operation and determine recommendations for their elimination. In addition, the article discusses the results of the study of vibrations of the supporting structure of the gates of the hydroelectric power plant, which could be obtained only after identifying the features of the main gates on the spillway structures during the operation of the hydropower plant. Regarding the nature and origin of the measured oscillations, it can be said that it is not possible to give a clear explanation of the causes and physical nature of the gate oscillations at the HPP, therefore, the article considers two cases as a result of which periodic undamped gate oscillations may occur. Since it has been established that the periodic undamped oscillations registered on the gate could only be caused by a periodic disturbing force, the cause of such oscillations may be the periodic separation of vortices from the lower face of the gate. As a result, the analysis of the study of vibrations, the supporting structure of the shutter showed that the main disturbing forces for the shutter could be: pulsation of the flow pressure on the upper and lower surfaces of the shutter; dynamic forces arising when the vortices are detached from the lower face of the shutter when water flows out from under it. The article provides recommendations for avoiding vibration of the shutter in subsequent periods of operation.

Corporate sexual orientation equality and carbon emission

AbstractDoes a firm's tolerance and nurturing of its employees with different sexual orientations influence its long‐term sustainability? Based on corporate sexual orientation equality (CSOE), we find that firms with higher CSOE ratings emit less greenhouse gases (GHGs) that thereby ensure long‐term sustainability. In addition, we report that the CSOE–GHG relationship is stronger for firms with less agency issues (e.g., less powerful CEOs and more monitoring). Finally, we find that carbon emitting firms (CEFs) that invest in more CSOE initiatives do not do it for external rewards (e.g., they suffer from lower valuations and face higher costs of raising capital).

Cephalometric analysis performance discrepancy between orthodontists and an artificial intelligence model using lateral cephalometric radiographs.

The purpose of the present clinical study was to compare the Ricketts and Steiner cephalometric analysis obtained by two experienced orthodontists and artificial intelligence (AI)-based software program and measure the orthodontist variability. A total of 50 lateral cephalometric radiographs from 50 patients were obtained. Two groups were created depending on the operator performing the cephalometric analysis: orthodontists (Orthod group) and an AI software program (AI group). In the Orthod group, two independent experienced orthodontists performed the measurements by performing a manual identification of the cephalometric landmarks and a software program (NemoCeph; Nemotec) to calculate the measurements. In the AI group, an AI software program (CephX; ORCA Dental AI) was selected for both the automatic landmark identification and cephalometric measurements. The Ricketts and Steiner cephalometric analyses were assessed in both groups including a total of 24 measurements. The Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the data was normally distributed. The t-test was used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). The t-test analysis showed significant measurement discrepancies between the Orthod and AI group in seven of the 24 cephalometric parameters tested, namely the corpus length (p = 0.003), mandibular arc (p < 0.001), lower face height (p = 0.005), overjet (p = 0.019), and overbite (p = 0.022) in the Ricketts cephalometric analysis and occlusal to SN (p = 0.002) and GoGn-SN (p < 0.001) in the Steiner cephalometric analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between both orthodontists of the Orthod group for each cephalometric measurement was calculated. Significant discrepancies were found in seven of the 24 cephalometric measurements tested between the orthodontists and the AI-based program assessed. The intra-operator reliability analysis showed reproducible measurements between both orthodontists, except for the corpus length measurement. The artificial intelligence software program tested has the potential to automatically obtain cephalometric analysis using lateral cephalometric radiographs; however, additional studies are needed to further evaluate the accuracy of this AI-based system.

Improving health and scientific literacy in disadvantaged adults: a scoping review of interventions

Abstract Background People with low socioeconomic status face high health risks and poor health literacy. Tailored health education could help reduce these disparities. This scoping review sought to provide an up-to-date overview of approaches to craft and conduct interventions to improve health and scientific literacy in disadvantaged adults. Methods 7 databases were searched from 2012 to 2022. Data about research design, settings, target groups, topics, skills, theoretical foundations, materials, methodologies, outcomes, and evaluation tools were extracted from the selected articles. Quality assessment was done using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Results The review included 50 studies, most of which were quasi-experimental, involving participants with low income or limited education, ethnic minorities, or immigrants. Frequently theory-driven, these interventions were conducted in community settings and used various interactive methods like discussions and practical exercises. Functional and interactive health literacy dimensions were emphasised more than critical and scientific ones. Many programs highlighted cultural appropriateness and customization. Researchers often involved participants in program development or execution. Evaluations assessed knowledge, health literacy, behavioural and psychological gains using various quantitative and qualitative instruments. Critical appraisal of the studies revealed quality limitations. Conclusions Participatory methods, interactivity and culturally appropriate materials are crucial for crafting relevant health education for disadvantaged groups. Greater emphasis should be placed on developing critical and scientific health literacy skills. Key messages • This study provides novel findings on the ways to design and evaluate health literacy interventions targeted at vulnerable groups. • Such guidance can be valuable for health education practitioners.

A Novel Chin-Reductive Drawer Genioplasty Using Subapical and Mandibular Contouring Ostectomy.

As the most prominent feature of the lower face, the chin is crucial to human facial morphology, and plays a large role in contributing to facial attractiveness and harmony. Although an increasing number of genioplasty procedures are being introduced for chin augmentation, chin reduction procedures are rarely performed. Because of the inevitable cervicomental angle widening and relaxation of the floor-of-mouth muscles caused by chin shortening and the elevation of the lower edge of the mandible, chin reduction remains a challenging procedure. The authors' novel drawer-genioplasty approach involves a flexible chin-reducing procedure using subapical and mandibular contouring ostectomy. This technique can effectively shorten various types of long chin for improved facial proportions and maximize floor-of-mouth muscle protection during surgery, thereby avoiding postoperative submental sagging. Several measures, including the ratio between the lower (subnasale to menton distance) and middle facial heights (glabella to subnasale distance) (R1), the ratio between the anterior midline bone heights of the mandible (stomion to menton distance) and maxilla (subnasale to stomion distance) (R2), and the cervicomental angle, were used to evaluate the outcome of the procedure. Comparing the preoperative and postoperative measures revealed that there was a significant decrease in both R1 (1.25 ± 0.15 versus 1.09 ± 0.12) and R2 (1.94 ± 0.24 versus 1.58 ± 0.11). Although cervicomental angle increased from 107.3 ± 8.2 degrees preoperatively to 112.4 ± 7.0 degrees postoperatively, this value was still within the normal range. In addition to providing effective and significant aesthetic improvements, drawer genioplasty is safe and involves no complications. Therapeutic, IV.

A Novel Adjunct for Treatment of Orofacial Contractures After a Facial Burn Injury

Purpose: Surgical management of scar tissue and contractures from facial burns has systematic approaches, yet nonsurgical management continues to lack consensus regarding therapeutic approaches capable of providing stretching of the facial skin and muscles for both treating and preventing microstomia and orofacial contractures. This exploratory study introduces an intraoral splinting system designed to provide low-load, prolonged stretching of orofacial skin and musculature to treat contractures following a facial burn injury. The treatment adjunct described here has potential application across disciplines treating microstomia and orofacial contractures. Method: An 18-year-old man with full-thickness head and neck burns participated in a 5-week trial using intraoral splints to provide stretch to areas of contracture in the mid and lower face. The trial commenced 4 and a half months after his burn injury. Prescriptive placement, sizing, and time for use of the splints were provided. Changes in distance between facial landmarks were identified for 13 measurements taken for nine facial expressions. Results: Lengthening or shortening of the distances between two landmarks indicated the potential benefit from intraoral splints. For the expression “open mouth wide,” increased distance between two end points was noted in 11 of 13 measurements, ranging from 1.6 to 10.8 mm. This represents a lengthening of tissue, allowing for wider oral opening. Negative measurements between two end points occurred in two of 13 measurements, demonstrating elevation of the left and right nostrils. Visual data also demonstrated the appearance of change. Conclusions: When treating microstomia and orofacial contractures, consideration should be given to the use and further exploration of a more targeted intraoral methodology that uses a low-load, prolonged stretch to improve functional and aesthetic deficits. Oral splinting using an intraoral methodology is underutilized in the burn patient population and has application in both the acute care and chronic phases of recovery.

Global inequalities in availability of systemic therapies for cancer care and strategies to address them.

Many Low and middle-income countries face challenges in delivering chemotherapy services due to limitations in infrastructure, inadequate healthcare facilities, and a shortage of trained medical professionals. High-income countries often have well-developed healthcare systems and advanced technology.

Longitudinal changes of the natural craniofacial and dentoalveolar complex in the fourth decade of life

This study aimed to longitudinally examine the changes in craniofacial and dentoalveolar regions during the third and fourth decades of life. The data from this study constitute the cephalometric films and plaster models of 8 female and 8 male dental students or dentists. The mean chronological ages of the subjects at the first observation period was 22.09 years for females and 22.64 years for males. The material was collected over 3 intervals: 1985-1989, 1998-2000, and 2016-2017. The observation period was approximately 28 years. Acquired cephalometric recordings and dental models were assessed for subjects in their 20s (baseline), 30s, and 40s. Maxillary, mandibular, maxillomandibular, soft-tissue, and dentoalveolar cephalometric variables were measured with a cephalometric analysis software, and dental cast measurements were made with a digital caliper. Changes in the cephalometric films and dental casts were evaluated statistically. Statistical analysis showed that the length of the midfacial region increased with age. The height of the lower face increased significantly in females and the mandible can be seen mildly rotating to the posterior as it increased in length. The nose moved slightly forward and downward in males and females. Upper lip height was significantly increased in females; however, there was a significant reduction in upper lip thickness for males and females. Soft-tissue pogonion measurements showed a significant forward and downward chin movement in females. Overjet was significantly increased in females, whereas the mandibular arch length was significantly decreased for both sexes, although it was more prominent in females. There was a loss of space in the anterior segments of males and females, resulting in increased crowding. However, the loss of space was only significant in the mandible. We observed significant changes in skeletal, soft-tissue, and dentoalveolar variables of subjects in their third and fourth decades of life. The fact that many changes have occurred throughout this study demonstrates that the process of maturation and aging is ongoing.

Feasibility, acceptability and lessons learned from an infant feeding intervention trial among women living with HIV in western Kenya

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends mothers breastfeed exclusively for the first six months of their infant’s life. However, women living with HIV in low resource settings face many barriers to recommended infant feeding practices such as fear of HIV transmission and perceived milk insufficiency. Moreover, current support for breastfeeding in this context is often insufficient to overcome these barriers. To support women’s infant feeding experience, we tested a personalized infant feeding support program among perinatal women living with HIV in Kenya.MethodsSupporting Healthy Mothers is a theory and evidence-based multilevel intervention designed to address the mental health burden associated with financial and food insecurity and provide personalized support for optimal infant feeding postpartum. As part of the Supporting Healthy Mothers intervention feasibility trial, between February 23, 2022 and November 9, 2022, twenty mothers received five personalized infant feeding support sessions delivered by a local professional lactation specialist from pregnancy until three months postpartum. Through detailed observations of these sessions, clinical notes and repeated team discussions, we aimed to describe and provide a limited evaluation of these sessions. We identified the strengths and limitations of the lactation support sessions as well as areas for future development.ResultsParticipation in the sessions was high and at three months postpartum all participants reported exclusive breastfeeding as recommended despite experiencing a myriad of challenges. Having face-to-face and frequent early postpartum sessions, being available to field participant concerns between sessions and measuring infant weights at each session were key strengths. Continuing sessions beyond three months postpartum and incorporating family planning and general maternal health counseling topics would enhance these supportive sessions.ConclusionsThe personalized professional infant feeding support sessions were highly acceptable and feasible to implement. In-person sessions, in a clinic setting provided opportunities to evaluate and adjust breastfeeding technique and led to successful exclusive breastfeeding practice. Future interventions should consider integrating with other perinatal care services and offering support on demand and immediately postpartum.Trial registrationSupporting Healthy Mothers was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System, posted on February 2, 2022. Identifiers: NCT05219552 Unique Protocol ID: K23MH116807.

Case study: Managing filler migration and poor placement with topical and injectable hyaluronidase and filler multilayering

More careful consideration and screening should be employed when assessing patients for lip filler and lower face treatments. It is common to dismiss the lips as simple treatment areas, however their variability can predispose patients to many complications. Furthermore, filler treatments cannot be an exercise in simply balancing ratios for results to look natural. It is important to learn the utility of both topical and injectable dissolving agents, as well as a multilayering filler approach in resolving and treating the lower face.

Subjective Well-Being in People with Nephrotic Syndrome: Exploring Role of Lifestyle and Self-Confidence

Sufferers of nephrotic syndrome can be found in both developed and developing countries. All individuals afflicted with nephrotic syndrome, including both children and adults, often experience a loss of hope and find it challenging to attain subjective well-being in their lives. Therefore, this research aims to determine the portrait of subjective well-being in people with nephrotic syndrome by examining the components and factors that influence subjective well-being. The method employed in this research is descriptive qualitative phenomenology. The data collection process in this study utilizes data triangulation, including observation, interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis was conducted using interactive data analysis methods. The findings of this study indicate that, in general, individuals suffering from nephrotic syndrome tend to have low subjective well-being or face difficulties in achieving it in their lives. This is primarily due to individuals being unable to fulfill the components and factors of subjective well-being, often experiencing higher negative affect than positive affect. Additionally, researchers have identified new factors that influence subjective well-being, namely lifestyle and self-confidence.

Frequency parameter analysis of bi-directional functionally graded multi-span sandwich beam

This paper presents the frequency parameter analysis of bi-directional functionally graded (2D-FG) multi-span sandwich beams by using a high order deformation theory. The beams consist of three layers, the upper face of the sandwich beam is made of ceramic, the lower face is made of 2D-FG and the core is made of 1D-FG. The material properties of the beam are assumed to vary continuously in the thickness and longitudinal directions by a power-law distribution. The frequency parameter of the sandwich multi-span beam is computed with the finite element method. The accuracy of the derived formulation is confirmed by comparing the obtained results with the published data. The effects of material and number of spans on the frequency parameter of the beam are examined and discussed.

Etiology of narrow maxilla creating orthodontic and prosthetic treatment difficulties.

Narrow maxilla occurring due to various congenital or acquired causes creates major orthodontic problems and complicates prosthetic dental rehabilitation. The etiologic factors are mostly related to upper airway pathologies that restrict breathing and cause negative pressure at the base of the nose and nasopharynx. The upper and lower airway is a whole unit. Regional anomalies or acquired problems affect the entire system. This can lead to developmental issues and permanent disorders in childhood, which will last their real life. This study was planned to investigate the incidence of nasopharyngeal obstruction originating from allergic rhinitis, turbinate hypertrophy, septum deviation, and adenoid vegetation in children scheduled for orthodontic treatment due to maxillary stenosis. Our study group consists of one hundred children aged 12-16 years who applied to the orthodontist due to dental malalignment and were found to have a narrowing of the maxilla. After the orthodontic evaluation, the patients were referred for an ENT examination to evaluate the etiological factors originating from the upper respiratory tract. In the study group, nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis were first investigated. All symptoms were evaluated and scored. Then, an ENT physical examination was performed in all cases, and nasal cavities, nasopharynx, and oropharynx were assessed with a fiberoptic endoscope. Regarding etiological factors, allergic rhinitis, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal septum deviation, and adenoid vegetation that would prevent breathing were carefully investigated. Firstly, deep palate, narrowed maxillary arch, V-shaped arch, adenoid face type, bilateral posterior crossbite, insufficient lip presence, maxillary incisor protrusion (upper forward thrust), skeletal class 2 division 1 malocclusion, and increased lower face height detected in patients primarily diagnoses were grouped according to their pathologies. Allergic rhinitis was found in 43 cases, turbinate hypertrophy in 30 instances, nasal septum deviation in 18 cases, and adenoid vegetation that prevented respiration in 61 patients. It is known that increased nasal airway resistance due to allergic rhinitis, septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, or adenoid vegetation in the upper respiratory tract may lead to permanent orthodontic disorders in children and adolescents. A multidisciplinary approach, early diagnosis, and treatment should be the first step to prevent this situation. Secondly, it should be planned to correct the anatomical disorders that have occurred with appliances and, if necessary, surgical approaches. Taking precautions before permanent problems arise in childhood is also crucial in prosthetic dentistry.