Low Cost Research Articles

Synergistic effect of alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphate and copper foam on methane hydrate formation

AbstractNatural gas is the cleanest fossil energy source and its consumption is increasing rapidly, so an efficient natural gas way of storing and transporting is urgently needed. Solidified natural gas (SNG) technology is gaining traction because of its higher safety, lower cost, and flexible storage and transportation modes. To improve the methane uptake rate in SNG technology, this work investigated the growth of methane hydrate in fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphate (AES) solution with the addition of three different pores per inch (PPI) of copper foam (CF). The results showed that the addition of AES caused the hydrate to grow upwards along the wall, and the methane uptake in the 300 ppm AES solution was increased by 623% compared to pure water. CF not only provided more nucleation sites for hydrate but also transferred the heat generated during hydration. Moreover, there was a synergistic effect between AES and CF and the solution could continuously transport upward along the continuous metal skeleton to increase the gas–liquid contact area. Thus, the formation rate and induction time of methane hydrate improve. Hydrate had the highest methane uptake in the 20 PPI CF system and the lower the pressure, the greater the ability of CF to promote hydrate formation. The methane uptake improved by 27.6% and the induction time was reduced by 59.7% compared to the pure AES system at 6 MPa. This work is aimed at advancing SNG technology (especially at low pressure) and informs the theoretical foundation.

BIM and orthogonal test methods to optimize the energy consumption of green buildings

The construction industry’s rapid growth significantly impacts energy consumption and environmental health. It is crucial to develop optimization strategies to enhance green building energy efficiency and encompass comprehensive analysis methods. This study aims to introduce and validate a novel framework for optimizing energy efficiency design in green buildings by integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis, and orthogonal testing methods, focusing on enhancing energy efficiency and reducing life cycle costs. The optimization parameters for the building envelope are identified by analyzing energy consumption components and key green building factors. The orthogonal testing method was applied to streamline design options. Building Energy Consumption Simulation (BECS) software and LCC analysis tools were employed to calculate each optimized option’s total annual energy consumption and the current life cycle costs. Using the efficiency coefficient method, each optimization scheme’s energy consumption and economic indicators were thoroughly analyzed. The framework’s validity and applicability were confirmed through an empirical analysis of a campus green building case in Fujian Province, demonstrating that the optimized framework could reduce energy consumption by 4.85 kWh/m2 per year and lower costs by 38.89 Yuan/m2 compared to the reference building. The case study highlights the framework’s significant benefits in enhancing environmental performance and economic gains. The results provide critical parameter selection and offer scientific and technological support for the design of building energy efficiency, promoting optimization techniques and sustainable development within the construction industry.

Multi-fidelity multidisciplinary meta-model based optimization of a slender body with fins

Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) involving aero-elastic simulations still proves challenging for computational cost. This paper proposes a competitive cost-effective multi-fidelity MDO strategy based on two ideas. Firstly, a new multi-fidelity fluid-structure interaction model (MF-FSI) is proposed, allowing a considerable saving of the FSI simulation cost. Secondly, the optimization cost is further reduced using a meta-model approximation of the MF-FSI computations during optimization. Therefore, the MF-FSI model is validated on an experimental case of supersonic projectile fins. Then, it is combined with a meta-model-based optimization strategy (MBO) to improve the fins design. The constrained multi-objective problem aiming to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio and minimize the fin mass is solved using both high-fidelity (HFMDO) and multi-fidelity (MFMDO). The results showed that the proposed MFMDO strategy could produce the same optimal solutions as the HFMDO one with a 52% lower cost.

High Efficiency Non‐Doped Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence by High‐Lying Singlet Exciton Fission

AbstractHeavy‐metal‐free pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) holds great potential in the field of organic optoelectronic devices owing to low economic cost, simple preparation techniques, and high exciton utilization. However, it is still filled with challenges in realizing high efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and exploring the internal physical mechanism based on these ORTP molecules. Here, a high‐performance OLED induced by an unexpected interfacial spin‐mixing process between the ORTP molecule and interlayers is demonstrated, and the high efficiency electroluminescence (EL) mechanism is studied through magneto–electroluminescence (MEL) and magneto–photoluminescence (MPL) measurements. The steady‐state and transient PL properties imply that the interfacial effect is related to a high‐lying singlet fission (HLSF) process in the ORTP molecule itself. Further, the HLSF process and the corresponding energy level position are confirmed by the incident wavelength‐ and temperature‐dependent PL spectra and the magnetic‐field‐dependent transient PL. Finally, by optimizing the interfacial material adjacent to the emissive layer to utilize this interfacial spin mixing effect, a high‐efficiency non‐doped ORTP‐OLED with external quantum efficiency of 16% and CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.49) is developed. The proposed mechanism during the EL process will give insight to produce more efficient OLEDs based on ORTP materials in the future.

Developments in world motor vehicle production and the future of hydrogen use in the automotive industry

This article provides an overview of World motor vehicle production and hydrogen utilization technologies for current and future use in the Automotive Industry. Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the Universe; however it is always combined with other elements. Still, the costs of hydrogen production from its combined elements remain high compared to other energy sources; it is extremely difficult to store onboard, the use of natural gas as a feedstock emits CO2, and there are many technical challenges to overcome with these systems. Many years of research and development, as well as changes to the energy infrastructure, may be required before hydrogen can have a significant impact on Earth energy use. In the very long term, electricity and hydrogen are likely to become the preferred complementary energy vectors. Hydrogen and the fuel cell are complementary and each enables the other. Nowadays, due to their low production costs, hydrogen engines are becoming more and more advantageous over fuel cells and are be-coming more widespread. Ammonia has the potential to be used as a hydrogen carrier, mainly due to its high hydrogen capacity. A significant effort would be needed to develop onboard ammonia cracker systems or direct ammonia fuel cells for vehicles.

Geometric optimisation and structural properties of organic−inorganic halide perovskites from van der Waals density functional theory calculations

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted extensive attention in the photovoltaic field due to their unique photoelectric properties and low production costs. Using the density functional theory-based first-principles calculations, we reported the geometric optimisation and structural properties of halide perovskites using van der Waals density functional theory calculations. The strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA with the revised Vydrov-van Voorhis no-local correlation functional (SCAN + rVV10) are promising van der Waals density functional for solving van der Waals (vdW) interaction problems that many non-empirical semilocal functionals fail to include. We found the optimised structure parameters of halide perovskites based on the SCAN + rVV10 functionals are much closer to the experimental results than other functional including PBE and PBE + vdW-TS functionals, which provides the fundamental aspect for the theoretical calculations of surfaces, interfaces, optical properties, and structure-properties relationship.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Triple Enzyme-Embedded Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflowers (hNFs) in Comparison with Powerful Antimicrobial Agent Chitosan.

Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) have high stability, reusability, low production cost, and overcome substrate/product inhibition. Antimicrobial activity of various hNFs has been reported to overcome environmental microbial contaminations and infections, which are considered major public health problems. α-amylase, protease, and lipase are the most common industrial enzymes exerting antimicrobial activity; therefore, we synthesized triple enzyme (α-amylase, protease, and lipase)-embedded hNFs by using pancreatin to evaluate their antimicrobial activity in comparison with one of the most potent antimicrobial polymer chitosan. The broad spectrum of the antimicrobial properties of chitosan is used in industrial products, including cosmetics, food, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. SEM analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the degree of deacetylation (%DD) were performed for chitosan characterization, where SEM, FTIR, EDX, and XRD analyses were performed for the characterization of hNFs. The catalytic activity of pancreatin and hNFs was evaluated by measuring lipase, α-amylase, and protease enzyme activities at 37°C. Antibacterial activities of hNFs, pancreatin, and chitosan were tested on gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, compared to the pancreatin and chitosan via agar and broth dilution methods. hNFs showed enhanced catalytic activity for protease, lipase, and α-amylase compared to pancreatin at different pH values (pH 8, 9). hNFs showed catalytic activity after being washed and reused up to six times, indicating their reusability and recoverability. hNFs showed significant antimicrobial activity, such as chitosan, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, compared to pancreatin. Our novel hNFs can be used to develop antimicrobial technologies to fight against environmental microbial contaminations and antibiotic resistance-driven environmental pathogens.

On the Univariate Vector-Valued Rational Interpolation and Recovery Problems

In this paper, we consider a novel vector-valued rational interpolation algorithm and its application. Compared to the classic vector-valued rational interpolation algorithm, the proposed algorithm relaxes the constraint that the denominators of components of the interpolation function must be identical. Furthermore, this algorithm can be applied to construct the vector-valued interpolation function component-wise, with the help of the common divisors among the denominators of components. Through experimental comparisons with the classic vector-valued rational interpolation algorithm, it is found that the proposed algorithm exhibits low construction cost, low degree of the interpolation function, and high approximation accuracy.

Multi-objective-based economic and emission dispatch with integration of wind energy sources using different optimization algorithms

In this work, a study of economic and emission dispatch issues based on the multi-objective optimization is solved, and generation costs and emissions are reduced by utilizing multi-objective optimization techniques. This optimization is carried out in an IEEE-30 bus system, with and without the integration of wind energy sources, with equality and inequality constraints. The equality constraints are the power balance constraints, stipulating that to have an optimal solution, the generated power must be adequate to satisfy the load demand plus losses. The inequality constraints are a collection of limitations for active power generation, reactive power generation, generator bus voltage, and load bus voltage. To track the hourly load demand, a daily load profile is established using the IEEE-30 bus system. The generation costs and emissions in the system are optimized using multi-objective particle swarm optimization and multi-objective Ant–Lion Optimization approaches. In order to determine the goals’ minimum values, a fuzzy min–max technique is applied. The values that have been minimized are then compared to determine how well wind energy integration has reduced the generation costs and emissions. Two case studies are performed in this work. For Case 1, the total generation costs and emissions using MOPSO are less, with a difference of $42.763, while MOALO has lower emissions, with a difference of 157.337 tons. For Case 2, with the implementation of wind energy, MOPSO has lower total generation costs, with a difference of $51.678, and lower emissions, with a difference of 459.446 tons.

Rapid motion planning of manipulator in three-dimensional space under multiple scenes

Most working scenes of industrial robots are static scenes and from a previous static scene to a current static scene is a multi-scene. Finding optimal paths with limited time is difficult for motion planning in a high-dimensional space or in multiple scenes. The low efficiency of motion planning of rapidly-exploring random tree star in high-dimensional spaces, low adaptability of global replanning to multiple scenes are addressed by proposing the local replanning based on goal dynamically-guiding rapidly-exploring random tree star (LR-GD-RRT*). The algorithm contributes to fast path tree exploration and multi-scene motion planning. For path tree exploration, sampling points heuristically generating and new nodes growth by goal dynamically-guiding are proposed to reduce the blind and ineffective searches. Moreover, dynamic adjustment of size of new node neighborhood according to density of the obstacles is proposed to search for more neighbor nodes to optimize the path and also to reduce ineffective computation to improve efficiency. For multi-scene, three steps of trimming, re-exploration, and reconnection for local replanning are proposed. For path tree exploration, simulations in 2D plane, 3D space, and the manipulator show that GD-RRT* improves convergence speed, shortens path length and search time, compared with RRT*. For multi-scene, simulations in 3D space and with the manipulator show that the local replanning of the current scene has both lower path cost and higher planning efficiency compared with the global replanning of the previous scene. Motion of the six-degree-of-freedom robot end in a real scene also verifies the effectiveness of the LR-GD-RRT*.

Electronic health records model to improve the quality of patients’ healthcare

Background: Electronic health records (EHR) has been acknowledged for bringing down healthcare costs and enhancing hospital service standards.Aim: The aim of this study was to develop an EHR model to lower patient treatment costs and enhance healthcare quality in South African public healthcare.Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional quantitative methodology was used. The research data for this study were provided by medical healthcare professionals, at Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH). This included doctors, nurses, pharmacists, radiologists, and radiographers who completed a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The final model’s findings show that the use of EHR significantly improves information quality (IQ) and positively influences medical errors reduction (MER). Knowledge quality (KQ) has a positive significant impact on MER, whereas IQ has a considerable negative impact on MER. Furthermore, cost reduction in patient treatment (CRPT) has a positive significant influence on MER.Conclusion: Patients obtain better medical care when medical professionals have access to complete and accurate information. Medical errors can be reduced or even prevented with the use of EHRs, which can lead to better patient outcomes.Contribution: The quality of patient care at South African public hospitals and in other developing countries can be enhanced by using this framework as a guide to reduce treatment costs.

The Economic Impact of Treatment Sequencing in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Canada Using Venetoclax plus Obinutuzumab

Background: Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) represent an advancement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; however, these agents are administered continuously until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, raising concerns about their affordability. Venetoclax in combination with obinutuzumab (VO) is a fixed-duration (12-month) treatment, approved in Canada in 2020. This study estimated the total cumulative cost of different treatment sequences and evaluated the economic impact of introducing treatment sequences with/without VO, from a Canadian health care system perspective. Methods: A 10-year partitioned survival model was developed, considering key clinical parameters and direct medical costs. Results were stratified by TP53 aberration. Results: Treatment sequences starting with first-line (1L) VO resulted in lower 10-year cumulative costs compared to sequences starting with BTKis administered until disease progression, across both TP53 aberration subgroups. With a maximum of three lines of treatment over a 10-year period, cumulative costs were largely determined by the first two lines of treatment. When comparing sequences with the same 1L treatment, sequences with BTKis in second-line incurred greater costs compared to fixed-duration regimens. Conclusions: Overall, the economic impact of treating all patients with VO led to 10-year cumulative savings of CAD 169,341 and CAD 293,731 per patient, without and with TP53 aberration, respectively. These savings are mainly due to reductions in treatment costs associated with fixed treatment duration.

Chemiluminescence detection of kanamycin by DNA aptamer regulating peroxidase-like activity of Co3O4 nanoparticles.

Kanamycin (KAN) is widely used as a growth hormone analog and an antibacterial agent. However, abuse of this substance has resulted in the accumulation of excessive residue levels in foods of animal origin, which presents a significant risk to human health. A chemiluminescent aptasensor was constructed for the rapid quantitative detection of KAN by combining the properties of Co3O4 nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) nanozyme activity and DNA aptamer with high specificity. The DNA aptamer/Co3O4 NPs nanozyme regulated the chemiluminescence signal by exploiting the chemiluminescent properties of luminol oxidation by H2O2. Specific binding of KAN to the aptamer led to the formation of a steric hindrance block in the solution, which inhibited the activity of nanozyme and reduced signal intensity. The degree of signal reduction is related to the concentration of KAN. Under optimal conditions, there was good linearity between KAN concentration and chemiluminescence signal intensity in the range of 0.5-8.0 μΜ, with a detection limit of 0.26 μΜ. The detection system performed well in the presence of competing antibiotics and was virtually unaffected. The method was also suitable for the detection of KAN in milk samples with sample recoveries of 97.8%-99.1%. The chemiluminescence sensor has the advantages of low cost, specificity, and sensitivity, and does not require an external light source or modification of the nucleic acid aptamer which makes it a promising candidate for applications in the field of food detection.

Technology Readiness and Users Satisfaction towards Self-Service Technology at Malaysian Airport

This study examines the relationship between four dimensions of Technology Readiness Index (TR) namely optimism, innovativeness, insecurity, discomfort, and the level of customer’s satisfaction towards the use of self-service technology (SSTs) at the airport. SSTs used by the airport operators or airlines at the terminal for check-in or when performing other transactions includes booking airline ticket online, kiosk check-in and mobile check-in. At the same time, this study also tries to look at whether there is any difference in technology readiness between different demographic groups of Malaysians. Survey questionnaires were distributed to passengers at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) and Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. The result of the analysis shows that innovativeness and optimism have a positive relationship with customer satisfaction. There are also differences in technology readiness among different gender for innovativeness and insecurity index. The implication of the study suggests that Malaysia’s airport or airline providers should increase customer satisfaction especially by introducing new innovative technology at their premises. The findings may also help firms develop their strategy to further increase the customer’s satisfaction when using the self- service technology (SST) at airports in Malaysia.

Achieving Higher Efficiency on N2 Reduction Reaction through Mo‐ and Bi‐Based Active Sites for Sustainable Photoelectrochemical Ammonia Production

Hydrogen energy from water splitting is considered the highly anticipated modern energy resource; however, storage and transportation require complex and high‐cost facilities, which argue about the efficiency of hydrogen fuel compared to conventional fuels. Thereby, ammonia (NH3), which is a liquid at ambient conditions, promises a lower cost of storage and transportation, but the production of ammonia imposes difficulties with selectivity and efficiency over several products and, notably, hydrogen evolution reaction. Among several methods combining the advantages of electrochemical and photocatalytic properties, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) method is destined to improve the efficiency of ammonia production from N2 reduction reaction (NRR). Because of the multistep NRR process, enormous negative potentials, and poor reaction kinetics, the activity and selectivity of NRR are severely compromised. Therefore, Mo‐ and Bi‐based catalysts are rationally developed to promote the activity and selectivity of NRR processes. Combining the benefits of Mo‐ and Bi‐based catalysts is anticipated to result in highly effective PEC NRR activity. This review is predicted to emphasize the role and characteristics of PEC NRR and the value of Mo and Bi catalysts in raising ammonia's activity and selectivity.

Bond strength empirical-mathematical equation and optimization of Al1050/AISI304 bilayer sheets fabricated by cold roll bonding method

Nowadays, composite sheets have been increasingly developed in various applications due to their better corrosion and wear resistance as well as higher strength and formability. Of these, Al/SS bilayer sheets have been used in the food and automotive industries due to their favorable performance and low cost. In this research, the bonding strength of Al1050/AISI304 bilayer sheets fabricated by cold roll bonding has been investigated experimentally. At first, the design of the experiment was carried out using the surface response method, taking into account the thickness of the layers and the rolling reduction ratio, bilayer sheet using the rolling bonding method. In this research, for the first time, the bonding strength of Al/SS bilayer sheets fabricated by cold rolling bonding method and its optimization have been investigated. The bond strength was extracted using T peeling test. Then, using the linear regression method, a mathematical-experimental relationship was presented to obtain the peeling strength in terms of the thickness of the layers and the reduction ratio. The obtained results were analyzed using statistical methods and the table of coefficients, the table of residuals and the analysis of variance table of the data related to bond strength were presented and the adequacy of the presented model was examined. The results showed that by reducing the reduction ratio in the cold rolling process and also reducing the initial thickness of the sheets, the bond strength of the bilayer sheet has decreased. Then, bond strength optimization was done as a function of input parameters. The results indicated that the bonding strength reached its maximum level at the thickness of the aluminum layer = 2 mm, the thickness of the stainless-steel layer = 1.3 mm and reduction = 75%.

Sea–Land Segmentation of Remote-Sensing Images with Prompt Mask-Attention

Remote-sensing technology has gradually become one of the most important ways to extract sea–land boundaries due to its large scale, high efficiency, and low cost. However, sea–land segmentation (SLS) is still a challenging problem because of data diversity and inconsistency, “different objects with the same spectrum” or “the same object with different spectra”, and noise and interference problems, etc. In this paper, a new sea–land segmentation method (PMFormer) for remote-sensing images is proposed. The contributions are mainly two points. First, based on Mask2Former architecture, we introduce the prompt mask by normalized difference water index (NDWI) of the target image and prompt encoder architecture. The prompt mask provides more reasonable constraints for attention so that the segmentation errors are alleviated in small region boundaries and small branches, which are caused by insufficiency of prior information by large data diversity or inconsistency. Second, for the large intra-class difference problem in the foreground–background segmentation in sea–land scenes, we use deep clustering to simplify the query vectors and make them more suitable for binary segmentation. Then, traditional NDWI and eight other deep-learning methods are thoroughly compared with the proposed PMFormer on three open sea–land datasets. The efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed, after the quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, time consumption, error distribution, etc. are presented by detailed contrast experiments.

Impedimetric Gram-Positive Bacteria Biosensor Using Vancomycin-Coated Silica Nanoparticles with a Gold Nanocluster-Deposited Electrode.

We introduce a swift, label-free electrochemical biosensor designed for the precise on-site detection of Gram-positive bacteria via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The biosensor was prepared by electroplating the electrode surface with gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) on the gold-interdigitated wave-shaped electrode with a printed circuit board (Au-PCB) electrode, which plays a role in cost-effective and promising lab-on-a-chip microsystems and integrated biosensing systems. This was followed by the application of silica nanoparticle-modified vancomycin (SiNPs-VAN) that binds to Gram-positive bacteria and facilitates their detection on the AuNC-coated surface. The biosensor demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and specificity. It could detect as few as 102 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of Staphylococcus aureus, 101 CFU/mL of Bacillus cereus, and 102 CFU/mL of Micrococcus luteus within 20 min. Additionally, SiNPs-VAN is also known for its high stability, low cost, and ease of preparation. It is effective in identifying Gram-positive bacteria in water samples across a concentration range of 102-105 CFU/mL and shows selective identification of Gram-positive bacteria with minimal interference from Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. The ability of the biosensor to quantify Gram-positive bacteria aligns well with the results obtained from the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). These findings highlight the potential of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogens and other biological entities, marking a significant advancement in this field.

Antimicrobial Functionalization of Surfaces by a Chimeric Adhesive Protein.

The main aim of this work is to account for the prevention and control of microbial growth on surfaces of interest in medical technology. Surface modification is often achieved by physiotherapy or chemical treatments that can involve time-consuming steps, hazardous reagents, and harsh conditions. One of the ways to overcome these drawbacks is the use of surface-active proteins such as hydrophobins. They can form stable protein layers on different surfaces, serving as anchoring points for other molecules of interest. The fungal hydrophobin Vmh2, already exploited for its adhesive ability, has been fused with the antimicrobial peptide GKY20, forming the chimeric protein used herein for functionalizing polystyrene (PS) and bacterial cellulose (BC). As a natural biomass, BC has multiple advantages, including biodegradability, low cost, renewability, high purity, and excellent mechanical properties. The chimeric protein has been proven to successfully adhere to both surfaces. A strong decrease in biofilm formation on PS and a good bactericidal effect of BC have been demonstrated. These findings provide evidence of an alternative strategy to obtain functional composites using a green, easy process.

Vanadium-Based Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Strategies.

ConspectusZinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are highly promising for large-scale energy storage because of their safety, high energy/power density, low cost, and eco-friendliness. Vanadium-based compounds are attractive cathodes because of their versatile structures and multielectron redox processes (+5 to +3), leading to high capacity. Layered structures or 3-dimensional open tunnel frameworks allow easy movement of zinc-ions without breaking the structure apart, offering superior rate-performance. However, challenges such as dissolution and phase transformation hinder the long-term stability of vanadium-based cathodes in ZIBs. Although significant research has been dedicated to understanding the mechanisms and developing high-performance vanadium-based cathodes, uncertainties still exist regarding the critical mechanisms of energy storage and dissolution, the actual active phase and the specific optimization strategy. For example, it is unclear whether materials such as α-V2O5, VO2, and V2O3 serve as the active phase or undergo phase transformations during cycling. Additionally, the root cause of V-dissolution and the role of byproducts such as Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O in ZIBs are debated.In this account, we aim to outline a clear and comprehensive roadmap for V-based cathodes in ZIBs. On the basis of our studies, we analyzed intrinsic crystal structures and their correlation with performance to guide the design of V-based materials with high-capacity and high-stability for ZIBs. Then, we revealed the underlying mechanisms of energy storage and instability, enabling more effective design and optimization of V-based cathodes. After identifying the key challenges, we proposed effective design principles to achieve high cycling performance of V-based cathodes and outlined future development directions toward their practical application. Vanadium-based compounds include [VO4] tetrahedrons, [VO5] square pyramids, and [VO6] octahedra, which are connected through a cocorner, coedge and coplane. The [VO4] tetrahedron is inactive, and the [VO5] square pyramid is unstable in aqueous solutions because water attacks the exposed vanadium, whereas stable [VO6] octahedra are desirable because of their ability to reduce from +5 to +3 with minimal structural distortion. Therefore, high-performance vanadium-based oxides in ZIBs should maintain intact [VO6] octahedra while avoiding [VO4] tetrahedra or [VO5] square pyramids. The energy storage mechanism involves H2O/H+/Zn2+ coinsertion. The existence of interlayer water in V-based cathodes significantly improves the rate and cycling performance by expanding galleries, screening Zn2+ electrostatically via solvation, reducing ion diffusion energy barriers, and increasing layer flexibility. The insertion of H+/Zn2+ and the instability of V-based cathodes lead to the formation of byproducts such as basic zinc salts (i.e., Zn4SO4(OH)6·nH2O) and dead vanadium (Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O), whose reversibility strongly affects long-term stability. To increase the cycling stability of vanadium-based cathodes, strategies such as electrolyte modulation and coating have been proposed to decrease water attack on the surface of V-oxides, thereby affecting the formation of byproducts. Additionally, in situ electrochemical transformation, ion preintercalation, and ion exchange were explored to prepare intrinsically stable V-based cathodes with enhanced performance. Furthermore, future research should focus on revealing atomic-scale mechanisms through advanced in situ characterization and theoretical calculations, enhancing rate-performance by facilitating ion/electron diffusion, promoting cycling stability by developing highly stable cathodes and refining interface engineering, and scaling up vanadium-based cathodes for practical ZIB applications.